Translation:Shulchan Aruch/Orach Chaim/158
158: Laws of washing the hands for a meal. Contains 13 seifim.
1 When one will come to eat bread that we bless on it "HaMotzi", he should wash his hands, even if he does not know that they have any impurity. And he should bless: "regarding washing of hands". But bread that we do not bless "HaMotzi" on it, for example, little rolls (explanation: satorti in the foreign language), or pastries (explanation: bread that is made with sugar and almonds and nuts), and he does not establish his meal with them, does not require washing the hands.
2 Some say that if one is only eating an amount that's less than the equivalent of an egg, he should wash his hands and shouldn't say a blessing.
3 If one is eating an amount that's less than the equivalent of an olive, some say that in doesn't require washing.
4 If one eats something that is being dipped in one of the 7 liquids whose mnemonic is "yad shachat dam" [that is: wine, honey, oil, milk, dew, blood, water] and it doesn't get dried off - and even if his hands don't touch the wet place, he needs to wash without a blessing. And even if he is only dipping the tip of the vegetable or fruit, even so, he should wash without a blessing] [Beit Yosef].
5
One who washes his hands for fruit is a fool.
Gloss: And specifically when he washes them as if he is obligated to, but if he washed them for cleanliness, for his hands were not clean, it is allowed. [Notes on Sefer Mitzvot Katan].
And roasted meat, there's someone whose words seem to say, even if its juice is wet on its surface, has the same law as fruits. And cooked wheat that are dry-surface have the same rule as fruits.
6
One who is drinking does not need to wash even one hand.
[And see later, simon 170].
7 One who washed his hands for something that gets dipped in liquid and afterwards wants to eat bread: there are some from whose words it seems that that washing doesn't help for him. And all the more so if he washed not for eating purposes and later decided and ate. Gloss: And if he didn't take off his mind, he should wash without a blessing [his own words]. If he touched filthy places on his body while eating, he should wash his hands again [Responsum of Rabbi Shlomo ibn Aderet, simon 92 and 193]. And see later, simon 164. [Duplicated later, and there it was explained that he also has to recite another blessing].
8 One who was in a desert or in a dangerous place and doesn't have water is exempt from washing the hands.
9 One has to be careful with washing the hands because anyone who disregards washing the hands is obligated to be excommunicated, and becomes impoverished and gets uprooted from the world.
10 Even though their minimum amount is a reviis [that is, a quarter lug. In other words: the volume of one and a half eggs], he should add and wash with abundance, for Rav Hisda said "I washed a full hand of water and they gave me a full hand of good.
11 One blesses before washing, because all mitzvoth, one blesses upon them before doing them. And the custom is not to bless until after washing, because sometimes his hands aren't clean, and so one blesses upon them after he rubbed his hands, for his hands are already clean, before he will pour on them the second waters. Gloss: One could also bless upon them before drying, because the drying is also part of the mitzvah and it is considered before doing them (Tur and Tosafot and Rabbi Asher, first chapter of Pesachim) [Notes on Rabbi Asher, first chapter]. And if he forgot to bless until after drying, he makes the blessing afterward.
12 And one should dry them well before breaking bread, because one who eats without drying the hands is as if he eats contaminated bread.
13 One who dunks his hands can eat without drying. And the same is true for one who washes his hands at once and pours on them a reviis of water at once, or if he washed one hand and poured a reviit on it and likewise poured on the other hand.