The first numbers at the end of the each translation of the verse denote the serial number of the verse of the section and the succeeding second one denotes the serial number of the verse of the chapter of source-book.
The raising air-stream originating at the lungs, inflated by the action of diaphragm abides and reinforced at the chest, larynx and pharynx and touches the teeth, lips, tongue, nose and palate, at different places, in distinct ways and by various manner produces sound, with the eight organs, as we know. 83/1
Consonants [k] and [ng] are pronounced by touching the back of the tongue with that of the palate. 89/7
Consonants [s] and [nj] are pronounced by touching the middle of the tongue with that of the palate. 90/8
Consonants [t] and [n’] are pronounced by touching the tip of the tongue with that of the palate. 91/9
Those six phonemes are pronounced in three kinds of articulations. 92/10
The tip of the tongue spreads and contacts fast the back of the teeth-ridge to pronounce the consonants [th] and [n”]. 93/11
The rising tip of the tongue touches the palate above to pronounce the consonants [r’] and [n]. 94/12
The tip of the tongue rises and strike against palates to pronounce [r] and [l”]. 95/13
The blade of the tongue moves up and touches the back of the teeth-ridge to pronounce [l] and it strike the portion noted above to pronounce [l’]. 96/14
Consonants [p] and [m] are pronounced by lips-touch. 97 /15
Consonant [v] is pronounced by (lower) lip touching the (upper) teeth. 98/16
Consonant [y] is pronounced while the air through the larynx subjected to the stricture (open approximation) against the palate. 99/17
The soft-consonants are pronounced as said earlier along with nasal-air. 100/18
The three secondary phonemes sans distinctiveness, being dependant are articulated as their distinctive. 101/19
The measurement of aggressive air-stream of phonemes in organs is spoken in the books of ‘An”thanar’, the man who utters hymns. 102/20
These intensive parts and functions of articulation of phonemes are not defined here. Only the external movements and functions are spoken above.103/21