Tristimulus Specification of the Munsell Book of Color From Spectrophotometric Measurements

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Tristimulus Specification of the Munsell Book of Color From Spectrophotometric Measurements (1943)
K.L. Kelly, K.S. Gibson, D. Nickerson
4435232Tristimulus Specification of the Munsell Book of Color From Spectrophotometric Measurements1943K.L. Kelly, K.S. Gibson, D. Nickerson
U. S. Department of Commerce
National Bureau of Standards

RESEARCH PAPER RP1549

Part of Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, Volume 31, August 1943

TRISTIMULUS SPECIFICATION OF THE MUNSELL BOOK OF COLOR FROM SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS

By Kenneth L. Kelly,[1] Kasson S. Gibson, and Dorothy Nickerson[2]


ABSTRACT

The development of the Inter-Society Color Council-National Bureau of Standards (ISCC-NBS) system of color names, based on the standards in theMunsell Book of Color, made it necessary to specify the master standards of this book in fundamental terms. Accordingly, spectral reflection curves were run for each of the 421 master standards on the General Electric recording spectrophotometer at the National Bureau of Standards, using slit widths of approximately 4 millimicrons. Various corrections were applied to these spectrophotometric data in accordance with methods regularly used for such work at the bureau. Colorimetric computations were then made with these data, resulting in tristimulus specifications according to the 1931 ICI standard observer and coordinate system. Four illuminants were used: ICI illuminants A and C, representative of incandescent-lamp light and average daylight, respectively, illuminant "D" (lightly overcast north sky), and illuminant "8" (extremely blue sky).

The colorimetric specifications of the Munsell standards for all four illuminants are thus given.

The trilinear coordinates for the Munsell standards calculated for ICI illuminant C have been plotted on large chromaticity (x, y) diagrams and constant Munsell chroma lines drawn in. (Similar values obtained by Glenn and Killian at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1935 for Munsell colorstandards bearing the same hue-value-chroma designations have also been plotted on the diagram and differences between the two sets of data are discussed.) These diagrams serve as means for determining the Munsell notation and thereby the ISCC-NBS color name for any color whose trilinear coordinates and apparent reflectance are given.

CONTENTS

Page
I. Introduction 55
II. Samples measured 57
III. Methods of measurement and computation 58
IV. Colorimetric data 60
V. Comparison with Glenn-Killian data 71
VI. Derivation of ISCC-NBS color names from ICI tristimulus data 74
VII. References 75

I. INTRODUCTION

Two of the official compendia of drugs and medicines, the United States Pharmacopoeia and the National Formulary, specify the purity and quality of drugs by a number of tests for which tolerance limits are set. With a crude drug, for example, these tests refer to ash, acid insoluble ash, size, chemical identification tests, taste, color, and so forth, these being indications of purity or quality. All of the tests except color have been under continuous study by committees entrusted with their revision. Color, on the other hand, presented a different type of problem whose solution was not attempted until 1931. Previously the color terms used in the USP and NF had enjoyed no official definition but contained, among others, such confusing terms as "brownish green" or "blackish white," with seldom any reference to a color chart or standard. In the monograph of a drug, the pharmacognocist describes the colors of the outside and the inside, the colors of the various microscopic elements, and finally, the colors of the identification tests. In each instance, no mention is made of the normality of the observer's color vision [1],[3] or of the conditions of lighting or viewing.

Agitation toward research for the development of a suitable system of color terminology was begun in the twenties by E. N. Gathercoal, then a member of the USP Revision Committee [2]. After the founding of the Inter-Society Color Council, of which he was the first chairman, studies were made of the then existing color systems, and in 1933 the report [3] was submitted which became the basis of the system of color names now known as the ISCC-NBS system of color names [4]. Procedures were developed at the same time for the application of these color names to the description of the colors of crude drugs, powdered drugs, chemicals, liquids, precipitates, microscopic structures, and fluorescent materials [5]. The central notations of the color-name blocks were determined for the application of these color names to the description of the colors of soils [6]. Recently these names have also been used to describe the colors of illuminants, and a description of this method of use is in preparation.

In all of this work, the boundaries of the separate color-name blocks have been specified in terms of the Munsell color standards [7, 8]. It was r ealized early in the project that in order to be placed on a sound basis the individual boundaries must be specified in fundamental terms. The accuracy of the system of color names would then be independent of the existence or stability of the individual system of material color standards, in terms of which the system is used in practice. Since the Munsell color system provided a very satisfactory means of determining which color name best described the color of an object, it was decided to measure the spectral reflectances of all of the color standards in the Munsell Book of Color. The specification of the trilinear coordinates and apparent reflectances of each of the Munsell samples would provide an invariable specification of the color of that sample and thereby of a definite point in the framework of the system by which the relative position of each color name is indicated.

Tristimulus specifications of the Munsell Book of Color have been published by Glenn and Killian [8] and were available for some time before that date. Instead of using the Glenn-Killian data, however, it seemed preferable to define the ISCC-NBS system of color names by way of the Munsell samples actually used in the color-names work. This involved a nominal repetition of the spectrophotometric and colorimetric work carried out by Glenn and Killian, but avoided uncertainties arising out of the possible differences between the respective Munsell samples bearing the same color designation as well as those arising from the unknown history and usage of the Glenn-Killian samples prior to their measurement. Furthermore, the present authors desired to use in the spectrophotometric measurements certain methods of calibration regularly used at the National Bureau of Standards for such work. The measurements and computations described below were accordingly undertaken, and the diagrams and tables included in the present paper provide a means by which a color may be named without reference to a color chart, or by which the boundaries of the color-name blocks may be specified in terms of a fundamental color system. It is now possible to select the appropriate color name for a color when the fundamental specifications for that color are given.

Since the application of this system of color names will be made in the plant or in the field where the illumination used will usually be daylight, all of the techniques and computations, both for the color names and for the Munsell system, have primarily been made on the basis of ICI illuminant C. However, colorimetric data on the Munsell standards for other illuminants are also of interest. Accordingly, based on the same spectrophotometric data, tristimulus values have been computed for four illuminants-ICI illuminant C [9] (representative of average daylight), ICI illuminant A [9] (2,842°K [10], representative of incandescent illuminants), illuminant "D" [11, 12] (representative of lightly overcast north sky), and illuminant "8" [13, 14] (representative of extremely blue sky).

{[center|II. SAMPLES MEASURED}}

Prior to his death, Walter T. Spry, then manager of the Munsell Color Co., deposited one or more samples of all of the original paintings of the standards in the Munsell Book of Color with the Colorimetry Section of the Bureau. He also deposited repaints of all colors the original paintings of which had become depleted, together with new colors prepared up to 1935. In selecting the samples of each color to be measured, that painting was chosen which matched the color chip of the same designation in the Munsell Book of Color. In most instances the color differences between the originals and their repaints were negligible, but in several cases it was important to specify which painting was used. Therefore, for the purpose of accuracy and as a matter of record, the painting number of each sample measured is given.

The 2-value 2-chroma samples for the intermediate hues (10R,10YR, 10Y, etc.) were painted independently of the other 2-value 2-chroma samples, and the colors and the data are not as congruent with the other samples as they are with each other. These samples, as well as several 8-value 2-chroma samples for the intermediate hues, are not included in the Munsell Book of Color, but they were measured and the data are included in the present paper for the sake of completeness . One new sample, 10YR 8/8, recently received, is included. The complete list of samples measured is given in table 2.

The samples in the Munsell Book of Color were inspected under a strong source of ultraviolet radiant energy and also under a strong yellowish green light for fluorescence that might vitiate the spectrophotometric measurements [15]. No fluorescence was observed under either illuminant.

III. METHODS OF MEASUREMENT AND COMPUTATION


Spectral reflection curves of all of the samples noted and listed in table 2 were run on the General Electric recording spectrophotometer at the National Bureau of Standards. The samples were run relative to magnesium oxide [16], with approximately 4 mJ.l slits and over a wavelength range from 400 to 750 m J.l. The samples were backed with black paper for these measurements. Calibration curves were run on each sheet, enabling corrections to be applied to the data for wavelength errors, for 100-percent and zero curve deviations, and for aging of the magnesium oxide comparison surface, in accordance with methods regularly used at the National Bureau of Standards [17, 18].

As already noted, the colorimetric computations were made for four different illuminants. ICI illuminants A and 0 have become well established in colorimetric work. llluminant A is the Plankian radiator or blackbody at 2,842 0 K (02 = 14,320 micron-degrees, or 2,848 0 K with O2 = 14,350); the color temperatures of common incandescent illuminants vary from about 2,600 0 to about 3,100 0 K. llluminant 0 is that produced by a source at 2,842° K combined with a certain Davis-Gibson daylight liquid filter [19]. On the "OSA excitations" basis (used in the design of the Davis-Gibson filters) the resulting color matched that of a Plankian radiator at 6,500 0 K. On the basis of the ICI data the approximate color t emperature of this lamp-and-filter combination is 6,800 0 K. The color and spectmlenergy distribution of I CI illuminant 0 satisfactorily match those of overcast sky or average daylight for colorimetric use.

Iliuminant "D" is that produced by an illuminant at 3,000° K combined with a Macbeth (Corning) daylight glass filter giving a color temperature of approximately 7,500 0 K. The color of illuminant "D", found to be the optimum color for cotton grading, is also being widely used for agricultural grading and textile color matching. Its color closely matches that of the lightly overcast north sky most desired for such work. Illuminant "S" was designed as the blue end point for a series of illuminants representing the range from fully overcast to maximally clear sky. It was devised by weighting Abbot's "sun-outsideatmosphere" energy data by the inverse A4 scattering relation. llluminant "S" has been designated as "limit blue sky."

The colorimetric data on the Munsell samples for ICI illuminant C, representative of average daylight, are of primary interest and the computations were carried out both at the National Bureau of Standards and in the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Those for the other three illuminants were made in the Department of Agriculture. All of the computations in the Department of Agriculture were done by using Hollerith cards and automatically punching sums obtained by the method of progressive digiting. The authors are indebted to Lila F . Knudsen, mathematical statistician of the Food and Drng Administration, for snggesting this rapid method of computation [20]. All of the computations were made by the weighted ordinate method.

The spectral-energy distributions of the four illuminants are shown in figure 1, and in table 1 are given the tristimulus data for the spectrum of each of the four illuminants used in the computations of X, Y, Z and x, y, z.

Table I.—ICI tristimulus data for the four illuminants, A, C, "D," and "S," used in deriving the colorimetric data on the Munsell standards

Wavelength For Illuminant A For illuminant C For illuminant "D" For illuminant "S"
xE yE zE xE yE zE xE yE zE xE yE zE
380 1 6 4 20 6 30 36 165
390 5 23 19 89 27 1 128 99 3 473
400 19 1 93 85 2 404 119 3 567 349 10 1658
410 71 2 340 329 9 1570 446 12 2125 1199 33 5719
420 262 8 1256 1238 37 5949 1504 45 7223 3567 107 17137
430 649 27 3167 2997 122 14628 3373 138 16461 6852 280 33442
440 926 61 4647 3975 262 19938 4202 277 21077 8143 538 40845
450 1031 117 5435 3915 443 20638 4100 463 21613 7652 865 40332
460 1019 210 5851 3362 694 19299 3476 717 19952 6194 1278 35554
470 776 362 5116 2272 1058 14972 2274 1059 14982 3870 1803 25503
480 428 622 3636 1112 1618 9461 1070 1556 9099 1742 2533 14815
490 160 1039 2324 363 2358 5274 347 2258 5049 530 3444 7703
500 27 1792 1509 52 3401 2864 52 3451 2906 74 4871 4102
510 57 3080 969 89 4833 1520 96 5214 1640 127 6870 2160
520 425 4771 525 576 6462 712 626 7023 774 781 8757 965
530 1214 6322 309 1523 7934 388 1533 7986 391 1847 9618 471
540 2313 7600 162 2785 9149 195 2610 8574 182 2958 9717 207
550 3732 8568 75 4282 9832 86 4062 9324 82 4070 9343 81
560 5510 9222 36 5880 9841 39 6072 10162 40 5148 8615 34
570 7571 9457 21 7322 9147 20 8160 10194 22 6092 7610 16
580 9719 9228 18 8417 7992 16 9310 8840 17 6798 6454 13
590 11579 8540 12 8984 6627 10 946 6599 10 7090 5229 7
600 12704 7547 10 8949 5316 7 8343 4956 6 6798 4038 5
610 12669 6356 4 8325 4176 2 7800 3913 2 5871 2945 2
620 11373 5071 3 7070 3153 2 6372 2841 1 4585 2044 1
630 8980 3704 5309 2190 4477 1847 3160 1303
640 6558 2562 3693 1443 2732 1067 2030 793
650 4336 1637 2349 886 1640 619 1183 447
660 2628 972 1361 504 988 365 636 236
670 1448 530 708 259 603 221 313 114
680 804 292 369 134 367 133 155 56
690 404 146 171 62 197 71 69 25
700 209 75 82 29 102 37 32 11
710 110 40 39 14 49 18 15 5
720 57 19 19 6 23 8 7 3
730 28 10 8 3 11 4 3 1
740 14 6 4 2 5 2 2 1
750 6 2 2 1 2 1 1
760 4 2 1 1 1 1
770 2 1 1
Σ= 109828 100000 35547 98041 100000 118103 96124 100000 124379 100078 100000 231410
x.yV. z= 0.44759 0.40754 0.14487 0.31012 0.31631 0.37357 0.29992 0.31201 0.38807 0.23194 0.23176 0.53630
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Figure I.—-Spectral energy distributions of the four illuminants used in deriving the colorimetric data on the Munsell standards.

ICI illuminant A, 2,842° K, representative of incandescent illuminants. 101 illuminant C, representative of average daylight. Illuminant "D", representative of lightly overcast sky. Illuminant "S", representative of "limit blue sky."

IV. COLORIMETRIC DATA

Values of X, Y, Z, x, and y for all of the samples and for the four illuminants, as explained above, together with the Munsell notations, 'H V/C (hue, value, and chroma), and the Munsell painting number for each sample, are given in table 2. Values for the neutrals are at the end of the table. Values of z are omitted, since z=1-x-y.

Values of the trilinear coordinates, x and y, for ICI illuminant C, are plotted in figures 2 to 8 for Munsell values 2 to 8, respectively. The x and y values for 101 illuminant C, and therefore for magnesium oxide and for any other spectrally nonselective sample, are given in each diagram at x=0.3101, y=0.3163. Values of x and y for the Munsell samples obtained at the National Bureau of Standards are plotted as circled points. The data obtained by Glenn and Killian [8] at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1935 are plotted as uncircled points for comparison with the present data. When the two points for a sample coincide, the combination is plotted, as a circled point with a short line attached; in many cases, to avoid confusion, the two points are joined by a fine line. Lines are drawn connecting all of the NBS points of constant chroma on each diagram, resulting in the spiderweb-like figures shown.

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Figure 2.—ICI chromaticity diagram showing values of x and y for ICI illuminant C for Munsell standards of value level 2/.
538330—43 (Face p . 60)
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Figure 3.ICI chromaticity diagram showing values of x and y for ICI illuminant C for Munsell standards of value level 3/.

538330―43 (Face p. 60)
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Figure 4.ICI chromaticity diagram showing values of x and y for ICI illuminant C for Munsell standards of value level 4/.


538330―43 (Face p . 60)
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Figure 5.ICI chromaticity diagmm showing values of x and y for ICI illwninant C for Munsell standards of value level 5/.

538330―43 (Face p. 60)
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Figure 6.ICI chromacity diagram showing values of x and y for ICI illuminant C for Munsell standards of value level 6/.

538330-43 (Face p.60)
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Figure 7.-ICI chromaticity diagram showing values of x and y for ICI illuminant C for Munsell standards of value level 7/.
538330—43 (Face p. 60)
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Figure 8.-ICI chromaticity diagram showing values of x and y for ICI illuminant C for Munsell standards of value level 8/.
538330—43 (Face p. 60)

Table 2.―Tristimulus specifications and trilinear coordinates of the Munsell standards for the four illuminants, A, C, "D," and "S," based on spectrophotometric data obtained at the National Bureau of Standards

Munsel notation For ICI illuminant A For ICI illuminant C For ICI illuminant "D" For illuminant "S" Munsell painting number
X Y Z x y X Y Z x y X Y Z x y X Y Z x y
R8/4 0.7432 0.6147 0.1874 0.4809 0.3978 0.6261 0.5862 0.6264 0.3405 0.3188 0.6075 0.5832 0.6604 0.3282 0. 3150 0. 6044 0.5667 1. 2317 0.2516 0.2358 1168
2 .7160 .6179 .2036 .4657 .4019 .6199 .6021 .6793 .3261 .3167 .6047 .6007 .7158 .3148 .3127 .6147 .5908 1.3338 .2421 .2327 342
7/8 .6564 .4769 .1168 .5251 .3815 .5144 .4244 .3936 .3861 .3185 .4909 .4178 .4159 .3706 .3154 .4614 .3903 .0.7994 .2829 .2393 84
6 .6445 .4886 .1276 .5112 .3876 .5157 .4452 .4279 .3713 .3206 .4946 .4400 .4515 .3568 .3174 .4722 .4167 .8437 .2725 .2405 880
4 .6173 .4777 .1324 .5030 .3892 .5020 .4402 .4449 .3619 .3174 .4835 .4361 .4696 .3480 .3139 .4682 .4153 .8784 .2657 .2357 82
2 .5586 .4699 .1485 .4746 .3993 .4763 .4521 .4965 .3343 .3173 .4632 .4503 .5234 .3224 .3134 .4655 .4396 .9765 .2474 .2336 80
6/10 .5912 .3874 .0740 .5616 .3681 .4369 .3236 .2514 .4318 .3198 .4102 .3146 .2662 .4139 .3174 .3666 .2834 .5014 .3184 .2461 1156
8 .5461 .3758 .0804 .5448 .3749 .4142 .3236 .2717 .4103 .3205 .3920 .3167 .2873 .3936 .3180 .3579 .2902 .5396 .3013 .2443 338
6 .5121 .3721 .0903 .5255 .3818 .4013 .3308 .3053 .3868 .3189 .3831 .3259 .3229 .3713 .3158 .3598 .3036 .6064 .2834 .2391 728
4 .4673 .3611 .0958 .5056 .3907 .3787 .3313 .3228 .3667 .3208 .3649 .3284 .3411 .3528 .3175 .3510 .3106 .6393 .2698 .2388 726
2 .4007 .3345 .1037 .4776 .3987 .3396 .3205 .3464 .3374 .3184 .3298 .3190 .3651 .3253 .3146 .3295 .3108 .6805 .2496 .2353 332
5/12 .4675 .2596 .0293 .6181 .3432 .3149 .1938 .0995 .5177 .3187 .2858 .1825 .1055 .4981 .3181 .2346 .1545 .1989 .3990 .2628 894
10 .4651 .2732 .0381 .5990 .3519 .3226 .2128 .1291 .4855 .3202 .2962 .2030 .1367 .4659 .3192 .2501 .1760 .2572 .3660 .2576 729
8 .4099 .2477 .0388 .5886 .3557 .2900 .1963 .1315 .4694 .3178 .2684 .1884 .1391 .4504 .3162 .2306 .1650 .2612 .3511 .2512 18
6 .3713 .2407 .0465 .5639 .3656 .2736 .1998 .1574 .4338 .3167 .2567 .1940 .1663 .4161 .3144 .2289 .1744 .3120 .3200 .2438 16
4 .3074 .2183 .0510 .5331 .3785 .2379 .1915 .1715 .3959 .3187 .2264 .1881 .1810 .3801 .3159 .2100 .1743 .3386 .2905 .2411 14
2 .2604 .2084 .0610 .4?15 .3934 .2158 .1954 .2041 .3507 .3176 .2087 .1941 .2150 .3378 .3141 .2047 .1865 .4007 .2585 .2356 12
4/14 .3644 .1881 .0163 .6406 .3308 .2360 .1334 .0550 .5561 .3143 .2104 .1231 .0581 .5373 .3144 .1666 .1015 .1089 .4420 .2692 42 R
14 .3653 .1882 .0166 .6408 .3301 .2361 .1335 .0563 .5544 .3135 .2100 .1231 .0595 .5348 .3135 .1664 .1015 .1119 .4382 .2673 1151
12 .3580 .1884 .0187 .6336 .3333 .2341 .1360 .0631 .5404 .3139 .2094 .1262 .0667 .5207 .3136 .1680 .1055 .1250 .4216 .2647 40
10 .3166 .1736 .0226 .6173 .3386 .2116 .1303 .0762 .5061 .3117 .1905 .1221 .0805 .4847 .3106 .1574 .1050 .1510 .3807 .2540 730
8 .2890 .1683 .0245 .5997 .3493 .2004 .1306 .0831 .4839 .3155 .1837 .1243 .0878 .4642 .3140 .1557 .1082 .1648 .3632 .2524 38 R
6 .2374 .1516 .0282 .5691 .3634 .1734 .1247 .0955 .4406 .3167 .1622 .1207 .1010 .4225 .3144 .1437 .1080 .1897 .3255 .2447 36 R
4 .2023 .1418 .0330 .5365 .3760 .1559 .1236 .1115 .3987 .3161 .1481 .1212 .1178 .3825 .3131 .1373 .1119 .2210 .2920 .2381 34
2 .1748 .1377 .0388 .4976 .3920 .1433 .1280 .1299 .3572 .3190 .1383 .1269 .1369 .3439 .3156 .1345 .1213 .2555 .2630 .2373 32
3/10 .1799 .0991 .0126 .6168 .3400 .1206 .0744 .0431 .5065 .3124 .1088 .0698 .0457 .4851 .3113 .0900 .0596 .0862 .3818 .2528 732
8 .1662 .0958 .0142 .6017 .3468 .1143 .0743 .0484 .4824 .3135 .1041 .0704 .0512 .4613 .3120 .0882 .0613 .0963 .3588 .2495 731
6 .1653 .1021 .0188 .5776 .3569 .1185 .0829 .0639 .4466 .3125 .1098 .0797 .0677 .4268 .3100 .0967 .0712 .1276 .3272 .2411 738
4 .1320 .0870 .0178 .5576 .3673 .0977 .0734 .0599 .4228 .3179 .0914 .0713 .0632 .4047 .3155 .0823 .0651 .1183 .3098 .2450 314
2 .1022 .0780 .0216 .5067 .3864 .0824 .0716 .0722 .3643 .3164 .0790 .0707 .0761 .3499 .3130 .0762 .0674 .1420 .2669 .2360 312
2/6 .0885 .0558 .0124 .5647 .3559 .0653 .0461 .0434 .4219 .2977 .0609 .0445 .0462 .4019 .2934 .0558 .0401 .0877 .3037 .2186 1124
4 .0687 .0453 .0105 .5522 .3639 .0516 .0384 .0359 .4094 .3053 .0484 .0373 .0381 .3907 .3015 .0447 .0342 .0720 .2960 .2268 860
2 .0598 .0442 .0123 .5143 .3803 .0479 .0400 .0420 .3686 .3083 .0457. 0394 .0445 .3529 .3041 .0444 .0373 .0839 .2679 .2253 322
10R 8/4 .7899 .6491 .1724 .4902 .4028 .6539 .6115 .5744 .3554 .3324 .6339 .6087 .6056 .3430 .3294 .6136 .5823 1.1293 .2639 .2504 722
7/8 .6797 .4921 .0333 .5416 .3921 .5161 .4290 .2776 .4221 .3509 .4914 .4228 .2934 .4069 .3501 .4366 .3842 0.5489 .3188 .2805 882
6 .6605 .5044 .1085 .5187 .3961 .5222 .4550 .3635 .3895 .3394 .5018 .4508 .3839 .3755 .3373 .4646 .4180 .7181 .2903 .2611 714
4 .6288 .4937 .1194 .5064 .3976 .5075 .4537 .3997 .3729 .3334 .4893 .4502 .4219 .3594 .3307 .4634 .4236 .7881 .2767 .2529 667
6/10 .5891 .3948 .0404 .5751 .3854 .4268 .3243 .1345 .4820 .3662 .4031 .3181 .1422 .4668 .3684 .3354 .2732 .2664 .3833 .3122 583
8 .5585 .3931 .0547 .5550 .3907 .4170 .3345 .1828 .4463 .3580 .3965 .3295 .1934 .4313 .3584 .3426 .2913 .3623 .3439 .2924 585
6 .5243 .3853 .0677 .5365 .3942 .4022 .3384 .2261 .4161 .3501 .3843 .3344 .2388 .4014 .3492 .3434 .3037 .4465 .3140 .2777 733
4 .4556 .3569 .0817 .5096 .3991 .3663 .3262 .2743 .3789 .3374 .3535 .3239 .2899 .3654 .3349 .3322 .3026 .5431 .2820 .2569 587
10 R5/10 .4710 .3673 .0802 .5128 .3999 .3755 .3347 .2667 .3844 .3426 .3621 .3326 .2814 .3710 .3407 .3360 .3095 .5254 .2870 .2643 1860
6/4 .3965 .2488 .0208 .5953 .3735 .2761 .1977 .0678 .5098 .3650 .2562 .1912 .0716 .4937 .3684 .2078 .1633 .1331 .4121 .3239 590
8 .3990 .2653 .0284 .5761 .3830 .2884 .2175 .0943 .4806 .3624 .2719 .2130 .0996 .4652 .3644 .2266 .1833 .1861 .3802 .3076 734
6 .3591 .2465 .0339 .5615 .3855 .2650 .2073 .1130 .4527 .3542 .2508 .2035 .1194 .4371 .3547 .2155 .1796 .2234 .3485 .2904 588
4 .3102 .2297 .0442 .5311 .3932 .2409 .2028 .1484 .4069 .3425 .2309 .2007 .1568 .3924 .3411 .2093 .1829 .2937 .3052 .2666 580
4/10 .3031 .1891 .0172 .5950 .3712 .2127 .1493 .0571 .5075 .3563 .1981 .1446 .0603 .4916 .3587 .1619 .1225 .1126 .4078 .3086 761
8 .2811 .1786 .0176 .5890 .3742 .1989 .1428 .0580 .4976 .3573 .1858 .1387 .0611 .4818 .3598 .1528 .1183 .1138 .3970 .3075 747
6 .2627 .1734 .0209 .5749 .3794 .1897 .1424 .0693 .4726 .3519 .1783 .1392 .0730 .4567 .3563 .1500 .1210 .1359 .3686 .2974 735
4 .2158 .1550 .0269 .5426 .3898 .1638 .1348 .0896 .4220 .3472 .1559 .1328 .0946 .4067 .3464 .1385 .1203 .1766 .3182 .2763 591
3/6 .1440 .0951 .0133 .5705 .3766 .1047 .0786 .0446 .4594 .3448 .0984 .0766 .0172 .4428 .3449 .0814 .0674 .0884 .3513 .2808 736
4 .1250 .0866 .0151 .5515 .3820 .0935 .0741 .0502 .4291 .3402 .0884 .0726 .0530 .4129 .3393 .0782 .0658 .0990 .3219 .2706 595
2/2 .0711 .0515 .0119 .5288 .3828 .0551 .0158 .0399 .3913 .3252 .0523 .0450 .0121 .3753 .3226 .0186 .0420 .0788 .2870 .2478 915
YR 8/4 .7567 .6314 .1590 .4891 .4081 .6255 .5970 .5271 .3575 .3412 .6068 .5950 .5557 .3453 .3386 .5829 .5690 1.0348 .2666 .2602 385
2 .7041 .6096 .1824 .4706 .4075 .6007 .5917 .6039 .3344 .3294 .5849 .5904 .6358 .3230 .3260 .5825 .5777 1.1813 .2488 .2467 384
7/10 .6736 .4888 .0415 .5595 .4060 .4941 .4178 .1309 .4738 .4007 .4696 .4129 .1378 .4603 .4047 .3870 .3629 0.2534 .3857 .3617 867
8 .6729 .4991 .0629 .5449 .4042 .5054 .4356 .2002 .4429 .3817 .4826 .4314 .2097 .4295 .3839 .4108 .3860 .3843 .3478 .3268 740
6 .6086 .4657 .0808 .5269 .4032 .4703 .4180 .2635 .4084 .3629 .4504 .4140 .2776 .3944 .3626 .4022 .3816 .5151 .3097 .2938 719
6 .6194 .4746 .0822 .5266 .4035 .1787 .4262 .2676 .4083 .3635 .4584 .4223 .2817 .3944 .3633 .4090 .3894 .5219 .3098 .2949 739
4 .5867 .4724 .1052 .5039 .4057 .4723 .4376 .3484 .3753 .3478 .4556 .4349 .3674 .3622 .3457 .4268 .4110 .6840 .2805 .2701 154
2 .5362 .4561 .1287 .4783 .4069 .4521 .4375 .4275 .3433 .3322 .4396 .4362 .4505 .3315 .3289 .4325 .4229 .8385 .2553 .2497 132
6/12 .5511 .3886 .0203 .5740 .4048 .3962 .3241 .0617 .5067 .4145 .3757 .3199 .0617 .4941 .4208 .2994 .2742 .1175 .4333 .3957 383
10 .5465 .3945 .0290 .5634 .4067 .3989 .3350 .0915 .4833 .4059 .3787 .3307 .0963 .4700 .4105 .3095 .2886 .1771 .3992 .3723 745
8 .5163 .3798 .0394 .5519 .4060 .3849 .3274 .1278 .4582 .3897 .3677 .3243 .1348 .4448 .3922 .3092 .2862 .2500 .3657 .3385 896
6 .4721 .3620 .0549 .5477 .4072 .3640 .3221 .1804 .4201 .3717 .3496 .3199 .1904 .4066 .3720 .3077 .2902 .3543 .3232 .3048 379
4 .4231 .3390 .0693 .5089 .4077 .3389 .3113 .2300 .3850 .3537 .3275 .3099 .2428 .3721 .3521 .3024 .2886 .4528 .2897 .2765 377
2 .3834 .3266 .0883 .4803 .4091 .3225 .3124 .2936 .3473 .3364 .3139 .3117 .3097 .3356 .3333 .3066 .3003 .5772 .2590 .2536 375
5/10 .3490 .2462 .0155 .5715 .4032 .2528 .2056 .0482 .4990 .4058 .2402 .2032 .0506 .4862 .4113 .1933 .1740 .0924 .4205 .3785 868
8 .3392 .2450 .0215 .5601 .4044 .2503 .2081 .0680 .4755 .3953 .2393 .2063 .0714 .4628 .3991 .1969 .1790 .1311 .3883 .3531 748
6 .3095 .2282 .0275 .5477 .4037 .2320 .1981 .0892 .4468 .3815 .2212 .1960 .0939 .4328 .3834 .1887 .1750 .1741 .3509 .3254 741
4 .2787 .2131 .0359 .5282 .4039 .2156 .1905 .1181 .4113 .3633 .2067 .1888 .1246 .3975 .3630 .1844 .1730 .2318 .3129 .2937 144
2 .2143 .2037 .0527 .4880 .4069 .2029 .1927 .1755 .3553 .3374 .1969 .1920 .1852 .3430 .3344 .1905 .1839 .3457 .2646 .2554 142
4/8 .2159 .1585 .0147 .5549 .4074 .1614 .1354 .0474 .4689 .3935 .1551 .1348 .0498 .4566 .3968 .1286 .1166 .0919 .3816 .3458 902
6 .2320 .1678 .0191 .5539 .4006 .1717 .1445 .0610 .4552 .3830 .1630 .1425 .0642 .4409 .3855 .1376 .1271 .1183 .3592 .3319 875
4 .2167 .1610 .0229 .5410 .4018 .1632 .1416 .0744 .4303 .3735 .1551 .1397 .0784 .4157 .3743 .1350 .1276 .1452 .3310 .3129 987
2 .1685 .1366 .0314 .5008 .4059 .1370 .1268 .1044 .3720 .3444 .1326 .1262 .1100 .3594 .3423 .1248 .1189 .2049 .2783 .2650 584
3/4 .1212 .0897 .0127 .5422 .4012 .0918 .0783 .0412 .4344 .3705 .0878 .0775 .0434 .4206 .3714 .0761 .0697 .0805 .3362 .3079 938
2 .0955 .0759 .0165 .5084 .4038 .0764 .0598 .0548 .3803 .3473 .0737 .0693 .0578 .3669 .3453 .0687 .0653 .1078 .2841 .2700 989
2 .0949 .0759 .0168 .5058 .4045 .0761 .0701 .0556 .3774 .3473 .0734 .0696 .0585 .3643 .3454 .0685 .0657 .1088 .2820 .2702 1201
2/2 .0592 .0473 .0113 .5026 .4017 .0477 .0439 .0371 .3707 .3411 .0461 .0436 .0391 .3576 .3387 .0434 .0415 .0726 .2757 .2634 857
10YR 8/8 .8119 .6627 .0804 .5221 .4262 .6249 .6049 .2514 .4219 .4084 .6004 .6019 .2644 .4094 .4104 .5177 .5546 .4849 .3325 .3562 1595
6 .7891 .6583 .1118 .5061 .4222 .6282 .6114 .3648 .3916 .3811 .6067 .6090 .3846 .3791 .3806 .5494 .5700 .7139 .2997 .3109 593
4 .7339 .6279 .1436 .4875 .4171 .6048 .5972 .4732 .3610 .3565 .5868 .5955 .4989 .3490 .3542 .5575 .5706 .9277 .2712 .2775 589
7/10 .5991 .4740 .0264 .5449 .4311 .4470 .4179 .0793 .4734 .4426 .4288 .4157 .0834 .4621 .4480 .3487 .3676 .1515 .4018 .4237 603
8 .6084 .4895 .0450 .5323 .4283 .4621 .4397 .1411 .4431 .4216 .4434 .4371 .1487 .4308 .4247 .3738 .3958 .2733 .3584 .3795 744
6 .5817 .4763 .0628 .5190 .4250 .4533 .4347 .2029 .4155 .3985 .4371 .4330 .2141 .4031 .3994 .3827 .3979 .3971 .3250 .3378 601
4 .5815 .4899 .0994 .4967 .4184 .4716 .4602 .3268 .3747 .3656 .4567 .4588 .3448 .3624 .3640 .4251 .4346 .6417 .2831 .2895 600
6/10 .5214 .4084 .0245 .5464 .4280 .3873 .3595 .0711 .4735 .4396 .3713 .3579 .0742 .4621 .4455 .3006 .3172 .1322 .4008 .4230 1422
8 .4912 .3887 .0342 .5374 .4252 .3713 .3457 .1060 .4512 .4201 .3569 .3443 .1114 .4393 .4237 .2978 .3084 .2037 .3677 .3808 749
6 .4721 .3770 .0425 .5295 .4229 .3611 .3392 .1352 .4322 .4059 .3468 .3373 .1425 .4196 .4081 .2971 .3068 .2629 .3428 .3540 750
4 .4011 .3376 .0596 .5024 .4229 .3218 .3149 .1952 .3869 .3786 .3116 .3141 .2060 .3747 .3777 .2843 .2946 .3833 .2955 .3062 605
5/8 .2999 .2379 .0166 .5409 .4292 .2266 .2099 .0507 .4651 .4308 .2191 .2099 .0532 .4544 .4353 .1795 .1844 .0966 .3898 .4005 612
6 .2966 .2360 .0269 .5301 .4218 .2267 .2121 .0853 .4325 .4047 .2177 .2109 .0898 .4199 .4069 .1864 .1918 .1654 .3428 .3529 743
4 .2719 .2236 .0331 .5143 .4230 .2145 .2048 .1077 .4070 .3885 .2078 .2045 .1137 .3951 .3888 .1841 .1878 .2111 .3159 .3221 610
4/4 .1819 .1467 .0171 .5262 .4243 .1413 .1318 .0548 .4309 .4019 .1372 .1320 .0577 .4198 .4037 .1174 .1181 .1063 .3435 .3455 613
3/2 .0915 .0755 .0130 .5084 .4195 .0730 .0696 .0421 .3953 .3768 .0709 .0696 .0443 .3836 .3765 .0638 .0644 .0320 .3035 .3064 933
2/2 .0650 .0537 .0124 .4954 .4098 .0529 .0505 .0410 .3664 .3496 .0511 .0502 .0432 .3538 .3474 .0483 .0479 .0803 .2739 .2711 934
Y 8/12 .7051 .6199 .0257 .5220 .4589 .5374 .5706 .0697 .4563 .4845 .5178 .5685 .0731 .4466 .4903 .4218 .5167 .1288 .3952 .4841 62
12 .6855 .5924 .0285 .5247 .4535 .5178 .5443 .0744 .4556 .4789 .4978 .5427 .0774 .4453 .4855 .4038 .4958 .1333 .3909 .4800 2054
10 .7190 .6269 .0343 .5209 .4542 ·5474 .5784 .0959 .4481 .4734 .5265 .5760 .1004 .4377 .4789 .4328 .5281 .1780 .3800 .4638 857a
8 .7015 .6109 .0625 .5102 .4443 .5406 .5732 .1804 .4177 .4429 .5205 .5722 .1883 .4063 .4467 .4409 .5373 .3358 .3355 .4089 852
8 .7093 .6177 .0617 .5108 .4448 .5457 .5794 .1770 .4191 .4450 .5253 .5783 .1847 .4078 .4489 .4438 .5429 .3281 .3375 .4128 852
6 .6938 .6110 .0904 .4973 .4379 .5539 .5784 .2874 .3902 .4074 .5357 .5769 .3025 .3785 .4077 .4798 .5459 .5572 .3031 .3449 58
6 .6633 .5858 .0901 .4953 .4374 .5305 .5566 .2834 .387l .4061 .5136 .5558 .2978 .3757 .4065 .4602 .5273 .5459 .3001 .3439 1221
4 .6626 .5871 .1239 .4824 .4274 .5455 .5651 .4007 .3609 .3739 .5293 .5640 .4214 .3494 .3724 .4974 .5440 .7781 .2734 .2990 56
2 .6357 .5680 .1610 .4558 .4162 .5427 .5570 .5265 .3337 .3425 .5287 .5563 .5533 .3227 .3395 .5224 .5469 1.0233 .2496 .2614 54
7/10 .5248 .4558 .0258 .5215 .4530 .4018 .4189 .0738 .4492 .4683 .3881 .4183 .0775 .4391 .4733 .3192 .3802 0.1387 .3809 .4536 904
8 .5161 .4557 .0272 .5166 .4562 .3975 .4220 .0786 .4426 .4698 .3842 .4211 .0825 .4327 .4743 .3180 .3848 .1482 .3737 .4522 70
6 .5124 .4455 .0500 .5084 .4420 .4014 .4158 .1549 .4129 .4278 .3882 .4153 .1628 .4018 .4298 .3354 .3861 .2974 .3292 .3789 390
4 .5079 .4479 .0856 .4877 .4301 .4143 .4282 .2756 .3706 .3830 .4022 .4278 .2901 .3591 .3820 .3720 .4091 .5357 .2825 .3107 388
2 .5054 .4546 .1250 .4658 .4190 ·4326 .4454 .4113 .3356 .3454 .4225 .4453 .4334 .3247 .3422 .4172 .4361 .8053 .2515 .2630 387
6/8 .3380 .3410 .0220 .5167 .4540 .3009 .3145 .0649 .4423 .4623 .2922 .3151 .0681 .4327 .4665 .2424 .2858 .1228 .3723 .4390 903
8 .3994 .3513 .0224 .5166 .4514 .3095 .3242 .0658 .4425 .4635 .3006 .3247 .0690 .4329 .4678 .2490 .2918 .1240 .3729 .4414 903
6 .3954 .3429 .0298 .5148 .4465 .3055 .3179 .0888 .4289 .4464 .2951 .3177 .0933 .4180 .4499 .2487 .2932 .1686 .3501 .4126 1212
4 .3715 .2266 .0548 .4931 .4338 .3000 .3100 .1755 .3819 .3946 .2913 .3099 .1848 .3706 .3943 .2643 .2935 .3410 .2941 .3265 392
2 .3675 .3292 .0862 .4694 .4205 .3121 .3211 .2828 .3407 .3505 .3045 .3210 .2980 .3297 .3476 .2977 .3131 .5534 .2557 .2690 391
5/6 .2406 .2136 .0180 .5095 .4523 .1893 .1984 .0554 .4271 .4479 .1846 .1993 .0583 .4175 .4506 .1561 .1815 .1066 .3514 .4086 947
4 .2372 .2101 .0314 .4956 .4389 .1910 .1987 .0998 .3902 .4059 .1860 .1991 .1051 .3794 .4061 .1662 .1867 .1936 .3041 .3417 394
2 .2436 .2177 .0549 .4720 .4217 .2057 .2117 .1795 .3446 .3548 .2005 .2116 .1889 .3336 .3522 .1943 .2059 .3501 .2590 .2744 395
4/4 .1495 .1322 .0180 .4989 .4411 .1200 .1243 .0566 .3988 .4131 .1172 .1247 .0594 .3888 .4140 .1031 .1156 .1089 .3146 .3529 412
2 .1628 .1461 .0351 .4733 .4247 .1369 .1419 .1145 .3481 .3609 .1335 .1419 .1205 .3371 .3584 .1284 .1377 .2233 .2624 .2813 397
3/2 .0788 .0707 .0183 .4698 .4213 .0668 .0689 .0596 .3419 .3529 .0652 .0689 .0627 .3312 .3502 .0634 .0671 .1161 .2570 .2723 398
2/2 .0557 .0489 .0117 .4793 .4204 .0461 .0472 .0374 .3528 .3610 .0449 .0472 .0392 .3420 .3593 .0425 .0456 .0721 .2653 .2849 858
10 Y 8/8 .6737 .6292 .0563 .4956 .4629 .5283 .6035 .1587 .4094 .4676 .5113 .6037 .1656 .3993 .4714 .4340 .5727 .2932 .3339 .4406 599
6 .6619 .6171 .0971 .4810 .4485 .5380 .5996 .3002 .3742 .4170 .5230 .6001 .3150 .3637 .4173 .4725 .5781 .5747 .2907 .3557 581
4 .6590 .6119 .1333 .4693 .4358 .5541 .5997 .4294 .3500 .3788 .5410 .6004 .4515 .3396 .3769 .5143 .5339 .8330 .2663 .3023 578
7/8 .4940 .4662 .0316 .4980 .4701 .3894 .4440 .0872 .4230 .4823 .3792 .4454 .0910 .4141 .4864 .3169 .4149 .1600 .3553 .4653 862
6 .4723 .4497 .0493 .4863 .4629 .3309 .4334 .1518 .3943 .4486 .3712 .4341 .1598 .3846 .4498 .3255 .4109 .2920 .3165 .3995 604
4 .4832 .4541 .0895 .4706 .4422 .4055 .4439 .2894 .3531 .3898 .3966 .4449 .3050 .3459 .3330 .3733 .4296 .5648 .2729 .3141 608
6/6 .3665 .3437 .0291 .4957 .4649 .2909 .3278 .0830 .4145 .4671 .2838 .3292 .0866 .4056 .4706 .2393 .3072 .1536 .3423 .4385 617
4 .3671 .3393 .0583 .4800 .4437 .3007 .3291 .1842 .3694 .4043 .2926 .3294 .1937 .3587 .4038 .2681 .3170 .3559 .2849 .3369 615
1OY 5/6 .2480 .2345 .0245 .4892 .4626 .1996 .2250 .0736 .4006 .4517 .1952 .2262 .0772 .3916 .4536 .1687 .2119 .1395 .3243 .4074 921
4 .2431 .2292 .0342 .4800 .4525 .1989 .2224 .1059 .3773 .4219 .1943 .2232 .1111 .3676 .4223 .1745 .2131 .2028 .2956 .3610 619
4/4 .1510 .1430 .0212 .4791 .4537 .1245 .1385 .0672 .3771 .4194 .1221 .1392 .0707 .3677 .4192 .1102 .1320 .1302 .2959 .3544 622
3/2 .0863 .0801 .0186 .4665 .4330 .0730 .0788 .0598 .3449 .3726 .0713 .0789 .0627 .3348 .3706 .0683 .0772 .1154 .2617 .2959 935
2/2 .0535 .0493 .0119 .4666 .4299 .0453 .0484 .0382 .3431 .3672 .0443 .0485 .0401 .3331 .3653 .0424 .0473 .0737 .2597 .2897 939
GY 8/8 .5994 .6050 .0728 .4693 .4737 .4857 .6022 .2046 .3758 .4659 .4731 .6045 .2130 .3666 .4684 .4139 .5903 .3753 .3000 .4279 432
6 .6046 .5941 .1017 .4650 .4568 .4977 .5929 .3048 .3567 .4249 .4847 .5944 .3186 .3468 .4253 .4422 .5858 .5741 .2760 .3657 433
4 .6293 .6035 .1436 .4572 .4384 .5341 .6041 .4522 .3358 .3799 .5215 .6052 .4740 .3253 .3781 .5015 .6008 .8675 .2546 .3050 434
2 .6266 .5850 .1727 .4527 .4226 .5451 .5851 .5606 .3224 .3461 .5333 .5856 .5891 .3123 .3429 .5341 .5333 1.0881 .2422 .2645 435
7/10 .4121 .4295 .0355 .4699 .4897 .3344 .4263 .0961 .3903 .4975 .3270 .4282 .1002 .3822 .5006 .2800 .4128 0.1749 .3227 .4757 908
8 .4413 .4524 .0540 .4657 .4774 .3606 .4512 .1555 .3728 .4665 .3519 .4529 .1624 .3639 .4683 .3104 .4419 .2892 .2981 .4243 442
6 .4507 .4518 .0689 .4640 .4651 .3716 .4509 .2057 .3614 .4386 .3625 .4524 .2151 .3519 .4393 .3279 .4439 .3874 .2829 .3829 441
4 .4523 .4372 .0961 .4588 .4434 .3822 .4369 .3023 .3408 .3896 .3733 .4379 .3170 .3309 .3882 .3552 .4330 .5796 .2597 .3166 439
2 .4539 .4260 .1224 .4528 .4250 .3944 .4261 .3970 .3239 .3500 .3860 .4266 .4173 .3138 .3469 .3851 .4244 .7711 .2436 .2685 437
6/8 .3183 .3257 .0380 .4667 .4776 .2612 .3238 .1104 .3756 .4657 .2554 .3253 .1153 .3669 .4674 .2251 .3154 .2059 .3016 .4226 715
6 .31l3 .3210 .0403 .4629 .4772 .2576 .3200 .1216 .3685 .4577 .2519 .3211 .1277 .3596 .4582 .2261 .3126 .2317 .2935 .4058 446
4 .3296 .3223 .0644 .4601 .4500 .2772 .3217 .2013 .3464 .4020 .2708 .3225 .2113 .3366 .4009 .2549 .3178 .3865 .2657 .3313 445
2 .3443 .3247 .0906 .4533 .4274 .2991 .3245 .2949 .3257 .3533 .2928 .3249 .3104 .3155 .3501 .2917 .3226 .5747 .2453 .2714 444
5/8 .1948 .2096 .0208 .4582 .4929 .1621 .2100 .0612 .3742 .4846 .1593 .2110 .0643 .3666 .4856 .1405 .2041 .1158 .3053 .4432 450
6 .1990 .2062 .0298 .4575 .4741 .1669 .2066 .0915 .3589 .4443 .1636 .2075 .0962 .3601 .4440 .1495 .2028 .1757 .2832 .3842 720
4 .2078 .2074 .0379 .4587 .4576 .1756 .2070 .1196 .3497 .4121 .1720 .2077 .1259 .3403 .4108 .1613 .2035 .2314 .2705 .3414 449
2 .2201 .2098 .0555 .4535 .4323 .1908 .2097 .1804 .3284 .3611 .1868 .2101 .1900 .3184 .3580 .1849 .2083 .3520 .2481 .2795 448
4/6 .1219 .1248 .0202 .4568 .4677 .1031 .1249 .0626 .3547 .4298 .1013 .1256 .0658 .3462 .4292 .0934 .1224 .1202 .2780 .3642 907
4 .1307 .1311 .0257 .4546 .4560 .1117 .1313 .0814 .3442 .4048 .1098 .1320 .0856 .3353 .4031 .1038 .1293 .1575 .2658 .3311 460
2 .1413 .1354 .0362 .4515 .4327 .1229 .1357 .1176 .3266 .3607 .1204 .1360 .1238 .3168 .3577 .1193 .1349 .2289 .2470 .2792 459
3/4 .0742 .0737 .0158 .4531 .4505 .0638 .0739 .0501 .3399 .3935 .0628 .0743 .0525 .3312 .3918 .0598 .0727 .0962 .2614 .3178 766
2 .0780 .0749 .0187 .4543 .4367 .0673 .0748 .0604 .3323 .3694 .0660 .0750 .0636 .3224 .3668 .0646 .0741 .1175 .2520 .2892 462
2/2 .0466 .0457 .0115 .4489 .4399 .0402 .0461 .0363 .3278 .3762 .0394 .0463 .0379 .3188 .3746 .0382 .0460 .0690 .2491 .3004 859
10 GY 8/6 .5302 .5600 .1396 .4312 .4554 .4695 .5793 .4334 .3168 .3908 .4629 .5828 .4526 .3089 .3890 .4531 .5876 .8207 .2434 .3157 863
4 .5840 .6002 .1659 .4326 .4446 .5203 .6181 .5252 .3128 .3715 .5126 .6211 .5498 .3015 .3689 .5115 .6262 1.0049 .2387 .2923 611
7/8 .3503 .4147 .0810 .4141 .4902 .3115 .4399 .2359 .3155 .4455 .3085 .4439 .2447 .3094 .4452 .2922 .4520 0.4332 .2482 .3839 635
6 .3861 .4298 .0963 .4233 .4712 .3409 .4507 .2948 .3138 .4149 .3360 .4536 .3090 .3059 .4129 .3275 .4623 .5618 .2423 .3420 616
4 .4241 .4433 .1173 .4307 .4502 .3793 .4571 .3761 .3128 .3770 .3741 .4594 .3956 .3044 .3738 .3752 .4628 .7297 .2393 .2952 614
6/10 .2321 .2845 .0459 .4125 .5058 .2037 .3032 .1284 .3207 .4772 .2015 .3060 .1331 .3145 .4777 .1866 .3125 .2327 .2550 .4271 634
8 .2597 .3049 .0558 .4186 .4914 .2273 .3224 .1594 .3206 .4548 .2243 .3250 .1649 .3141 .4550 .2095 .3309 .2898 .2524 .3986 751
6 .2604 .3000 .0618 .4185 .4822 .2301 .3168 .1861 .3139 .4322 .2270 .3190 .1948 .3064 .4306 .2191 .3260 .3522 .2442 .3633 624
4 .2738 .2969 .0773 .4225 .4582 .2461 .3101 .2438 .3076 .3876 .2431 .3120 .2561 .2997 .3846 .2436 .3172 .4704 .2362 .3076 621
5/8 .1421 .1785 .0288 .4058 .5107 .1260 .1910 .0833 .3147 .4772 .1244 .1925 .0869 .3081 .4768 .1175 .1978 .1544 .2501 .4211 881
6 .1699 .2016 .0371 .4158 .4935 .1490 .2141 .1081 .3161 .4544 .1469 .2158 .1129 .3089 .4538 .1392 .2212 .2017 .2476 .3935 628
4 .1796 .1043 .0476 .4260 .4610 .1595 .2025 .1487 .3123 .3966 .1573 .2037 .1560 .3042 .3941 .1554 .2069 .2853 .2400 .3195 626
4/6 .1074 .1238 .0271 .4109 .4852 .0954 .1355 .0803 .3066 .4354 .0941 .1365 .0837 .2994 .4343 .0911 .1408 .1500 .2385 .3688 727
4 .1128 .1264 .0323 .4154 .4656 .1016 .1337 .1002 .3028 .3985 .1003 .1345 .1050 .2951 .3959 .1003 .1382 .1917 .2331 .3213 630
3/4 .0612 .0709 .0161 .4127 .4786 .0544 .0756 .0483 .3050 .4240 .0536 .0761 .0504 .2975 .4227 .0523 .0785 .0905 .2362 .3546 633
2/2 .0411 .0425 .0119 .4307 .4447 .0364 .0440 .0375 .3087 .3731 .0357 .0442 .0393 .2998 .3707 .0358 .0450 .0717 .2347 .2949 937
G 8/6 .4751 .5243 .1810 .4025 .4442 .4479 .5595 .5677 .2844 .3552 .4443 .5635 .5906 .2780 .3526 .4632 .5826 1.0682 .2191 .2756 214
4 .5440 .5626 .1912 .4192 .4335 .5003 .5881 .6123 .2942 .3458 .4939 .5909 .6409 .2862 .3424 .5139 .6052 1.1743 .2241 .2639 753
2 .5584 .5537 .1868 .4299 .4263 .5075 .5694 .6053 .3017 .3385 .5001 .5714 .6345 .2931 .3349 .5177 .5789 1.1675 .2287 .2557 212
7/6 .3433 .4019 .1402 .3878 .4539 .3286 .4381 .4328 .2739 .3652 .3264 .4418 .4496 .2681 .3628 .3431 .4639 0.8087 .2124 .2871 755
4 .3703 .4072 .1403 .4035 .4436 .3491 .4340 .4431 .2847 .3540 .3462 .4370 .4621 .2780 .3509 .3624 .4518 .8400 .2191 .2731 184
2 .4095 .4095 .1424 .4260 .4259 .3755 .4231 .4626 .2977 .3355 .3705 .4248 .4853 .2894 .3317 .3870 .4317 .8945 .2259 .2520 182
6/6 .2084 .2707 .0925 .3645 .4736 .2043 .3040 .2765 .2604 .3873 .2037 .3070 .2858 .2557 .3855 .2146 .3283 .5070 .2044 .3127 206
4 .2587 .2929 .0997 .3972 .4497 .2453 .3151 .3128 .2809 .3609 .2436 .3175 .3262 .2745 .3578 .2554 .3301 .5917 .2169 .2804 204
2 .2834 .2909 .1001 .4203 .4314 .2614 .3032 .3237 .2943 .3413 .2584 .3046 .3398 .2862 .3374 .2707 .3112 .6267 .2240 .2575 202
5/8 .1158 .1631 .0528 .3492 .4916 .1134 .1875 .1521 .2503 .4139 .1128 .1896 .1568 .2457 .4128 .1182 .2067 .2747 .1972 .3447 1260
6 .1298 .1666 .0541 .3703 .4755 .1244 .1869 .1626 .2626 .3943 .1235 .1886 .1694 .2565 .3917 .1304 .2029 .3044 .2045 .3182 756
4 .1450 .1708 .0551 .3910 .4605 .1376 .1856 .1717 .2781 .3749 .1367 .1871 .1796 .2715 .3717 .1435 .1960 .3267 .2153 .2942 174
2 .1749 .1807 .0623 .4184 .4324 .1618 .1888 .2017 .2929 .3419 .1600 .1898 .2119 .2849 .3378 .1681 .1942 .3913 .2230 .2577 172
4/4 .0958 .1170 .0383 .3816 .4660 .0914 .1291 .1183 .2698 .3810 .0908 .1302 .1240 .2633 .3774 .0964 .1383 .2261 .2092 .3002 194
2 .1154 .1218 .0417 .4138 .4368 .1073 .1282 .1343 .2902 .3467 .1062 .1289 .1411 .2823 .3426 .1118 .1325 .2604 .2215 .2625 192
3/4 .0581 .0722 .0226 .3799 .4723 .0545 .0803 .0682 .2685 .3956 .0539 .0810 .0712 .2615 .3931 .0563 .0869 .1281 .2077 .3202 1264
2 .0608 .0661 .0222 .4080 .4432 .0564 .0703 .0706 .2859 .3565 .0557 .0707 .0741 .2779 .3527 .0586 .0735 .1361 .2184 .2741 188
2/2 .0329 .0348 .0126 .4097 .4332 .0300 .0373 .0396 .2805 .3487 .0293 .0374 .0414 .2714 .3457 .0310 .0395 .0753 .2123 .2711 752
10G 8/2 .5883 .5799 .1993 .4302 .4241 .5340 .5965 .6447 .3008 .3360 .5257 .5984 .6754 .2921 .3326 .5448 .6075 1.2407 .2277 .2539 938
7/4 .4088 .4389 .1623 .4045 .4344 .3864 .4672 .5197 .2813 .3402 .3825 .4699 .5429 .2741 .3368 .4067 .4879 0.9906 .2157 .2588 627
6/6 .2669 .3193 .1259 .3748 .4483 .2623 .3538 .3901 .2607 .3517 .2608 .3568 .4051 .2551 .3488 .2825 .3805 .7290 .2029 .2733 757
4 .2810 .3179 .1237 .3889 .4400 .2720 .3458 .3935 .2690 .3420 .2700 .3480 .4118 .2622 .3379 .2938 .3674 .7534 .2077 .2597 625
5/6 .1285 .1738 .0743 .3413 .4615 .1315 .2013 .2210 .2375 .3635 .1311 .2034 .2277 .2331 .3619 .1446 .2239 .4017 .1878 .2907 644
4 .1597 .1864 .0727 .3814 .4450 .1563 .2047 .2302 .2644 .3463 .1555 .2063 .2409 .2580 .3423 .1701 .2191 .4405 .2050 .2641 643
4/4 .0941 .1149 .0457 .3696 .4510 .0933 .1283 .1429 .2560 .3520 .0929 .1294 .1493 .2500 .3483 .1025 .1392 .2715 .1997 .2713 646
3/4 .0521 .0660 .0275 .3577 .4533 ·0516 .0754 .0838 .2447 .3577 .0512 .0761 .0873 .2386 .3547 .0569 .0837 .1572 .1909 .2811 649
2/2 .0326 .0369 .0148 .3864 .4378 .0311 .0407 .0463 .2632 .3445 .0307 .0409 .0483 .2557 .3411 .0334 .0439 .0879 .2021 .2659 939
BG 8/2 .5955 .5887 .2146 .4257 .4208 .5473 .6082 .6981 .2953 .3281 .5394 .6101 .7318 .2867 .3243 .5673 .6219 1.3470 .2237 .2452 1107
7/4 .4169 .4367 .1736 .4058 .4251 .3963 .4634 .5613 .2789 .3261 .3924 .4657 .5880 .2713 .3221 .4240 .4839 1.0803 .2133 .2434 454
2 .4559 .4549 .1716 .4212 .4203 .4224 .4729 .5575 .2908 .3255 .4167 .4746 .5841 .2824 .3217 .4416 .4863 1.0742 .2206 .2429 768
6/6 .2738 .3143 .1406 .3757 .4313 .2731 .3473 .4458 .2561 .3257 .2716 .3498 .4650 .2500 .3220 .3034 .3743 0. 8460 .1991 .2456 910
4 .2868 .3156 .1344 .3893 .4284 .2801 .3425 .4304 .2660 .3253 .2781 .3447 .4501 .2592 .3213 .3066 .3640 .8238 .2052 .2436 457
2 .3223 .3267 .1280 .4148 .4205 .3015 .3429 .4150 .2846 .3237 ·2976 .3443 .4350 .2764 .3197 .3190 .3558 .8004 .2163 .2412 769
5/6 .1397 .1803 .0915 .3396 .4382 .1472 .2097 .2837 .2298 .3273 .1471 .2117 .2955 .2248 .3236 .1719 .2354 .5351 .1824 .2498 1115
4 .1667 .1908 .0874 .3747 .4289 .1667 .2112 .2773 .2545 .3224 .1659 .2128 .2893 .2483 .3185 .1862 .2281 .5270 .1978 .2423 476
2 .1875 .1958 .0781 .4064 .4243 .1782 .2077 .2538 .2785 .3247 .1764 .2087 .2664 .2707 .3204 .1915 .2171 .4918 .2127 .2411 767
4/6 .0868 .1147 .0634 .3278 .4328 .0934 .1354 .1937 .2211 .3205 .0933 .1368 .2003 .2168 .3179 .1098 .1538 .3574 .1769 .2476 478
4 .1087 .1267 .0591 .3690 .4303 .1100 .1413 .1876 .2506 .3218 .1096 .1423 .1958 .2447 .3179 .1240 .1533 .3566 .1957 .2418 480
2 .1221 .1291 .0539 .4002 .4230 .1171 .1382 .1742 .2727 .3217 .1160 .1389 .1826 .2652 .3175 .1270 .1456 .3358 .2088 .2393 770
3/6 .0482 .0640 .0380 .3209 .4262 .0525 .0767 .1165 .2135 .3123 .0524 .0775 .1210 .2088 .3090 .0635 .0886 .2179 .1716 .2394 773
4 .0515 .0624 .0321 .3528 .4273 .0528 .0716 .0997 .2357 .3196 .0525 .0722 .1037 .2299 .3161 .0607 .0800 .1876 .1850 .2437 486
2 .0602 .0665 .0298 .3848 .4249 .0591 .0727 .0953 .2602 .3202 .0586 .0731 .0998 .2532 .3158 .0656 .0780 .1831 .2008 .2388 771
2/4 .0296 .0344 .0180 .3610 .4198 .0293 .0395 .0550 .2367 .3190 .0289 .0398 .0572 .2299 .3159 .0331 .0444 .1030 .1834 .2462 488
2 .0323 .0347 .0155 .3912 .4204 .0308 .0379 .0492 .2613 .3216 .0304 .0381 .0514 .2533 .3178 .0336 .0410 .0939 .1996 .2432 772
10 BG 8/2 .6173 .6057 .2393 .4251 .4171 .5695 .6258 .7475 .2931 .3221 .5614 .6277 .7834 .2846 .3182 .5940 .6406 1.4423 .2219 .2393 940
7/4 .4052 .4256 .1892 .3972 .4173 .3953 .4555 .6179 .2692 .3102 .3924 .4579 .6481 .2619 .3056 .4366 .4795 1.1954 .2058 .2271 645
6/6 .2518 .2983 .1589 .3552 .4208 .2653 .3375 .5073 .2390 .3041 .2651 .3402 .5289 .2337 .3000 .3102 .3706 0.9631 .1887 .2254 648
4 .2795 .3045 .1431 .3844 .4188 .2792 .3316 .4650 .2595 .3083 .2778 .3337 .4873 .2528 .3037 .3145 .3538 .8973 .2009 .2260 631
5/6 .1453 .1832 .1174 .3260 .4108 .1627 .2160 .3699 .2173 .2886 .1631 .2180 .3846 .2130 .2847 .2004 .2454 .6967 .1754 .2148 658
4 .1644 .1853 .0957 .3692 .4160 .1691 .2062 .3096 .2469 .3010 .1588 .2076 .3246 .2407 .2962 .1965 .2241 .5977 .1930 .2201 651
4/6 .0891 .1135 .0730 .3233 .4118 .0992 .1349 .2276 .2149 .2922 .0993 .1361 .2361 .2105 .2887 .1216 .1543 .4256 .1733 .2199 662
4 .0991 .1146 .0603 .3617 .4183 .1027 .1290 .1933 .2416 .3036 .1025 .1300 .2023 .2357 .2991 .1200 .1417 .3715 .1895 .2238 660
3/6 .0427 .0584 .0446 .2930 .4006 .0503 .0727 .1365 .1940 .2801 .0505 .0735 .1412 .1903 .2773 .0648 .0864 .2527 .1604 .2139 658
4 .0553 .0669 .0405 .3399 .4111 .0595 .0778 .1276 .2246 .2937 .0594 .0784 .1329 .2195 .2897 .0717 .0878 .2414 .1788 .2190 665
2/2 .0355 .0403 .0211 .3667 .4159 .0357 .0455 .0663 .2421 .3086 .0354 .0459 .0692 .2353 .3047 .0409 .0505 .1261 .1880 .2321 941
B 8/4 .5768 .5749 .2457 .4128 .4114 .5481 .6025 .8080 .2798 .3076 .5419 .6046 .8484 .2716 .3031 .5934 .6252 1.5691 .2129 .2243 464
2 .6151 .5973 .2424 .4228 .4106 .5735 .6179 .7989 .2882 .3105 .5657 .6195 .8393 .2794 .3060 .6100 .6346 1.5540 .2180 .2268 797
7/6 .3851 .4085 .2067 .3850 .4084 .3877 .4436 .6773 .2570 .2941 .3857 .4460 .7103 .2502 .2892 .4433 .4737 1.3110 .1990 .2126 911
4 . 4159 .4283 .2011 .3979 .4097 .4077 .4575 .6605 .2672 .2998 .4045 .4595 .6932 .2598 .2951 .4548 .4819 1.2809 .2051 .2173 467
2 .4654 .4546 .1863 .4207 .4109 .1354 .4718 .6134 .2864 .3103 .4297 .4731 .6444 .2777 .3058 .4647 .4858 1.1930 .2168 .2266 775
6/6 .2370 .2739 .1726 .3467 .4008 .2595 .3128 .5595 .2293 .2764 .2600 .3152 .5849 .2241 .2717 .3177 .3477 1.0730 .1828 .1998 469
4 .2811 .2981 .1575 .3816 .4046 .2861 .3250 .5174 .2535 .2880 .2849 .3268 .5428 .2468 .2831 .3310 .3483 1.0028 .1968 .2071 470
2 .3096 .3074 .1401 .4089 .4060 .2980 .3234 .4637 .2747 .2981 .2951 .3245 .4876 .2665 .2931 .3287 .3371 0.9048 .2093 .2147 798
5/6 .1331 .1632 .1212 .3187 .3910 .1553 .1940 .3881 .2106 .2631 .1562 .1957 .4046 .2005 .2587 .1996 .2222 .7385 .1720 .1915 1276
4 .1539 .1737 .1057 .3552 .4008 .1662 .1959 .3455 .2349 .2768 .1664 .1972 .3617 .2294 .2719 .2015 .2153 .6658 .1862 .1989 114
2 .1793 .1807 .0858 .4023 .4053 .1749 .1917 .2831 .2692 .2951 .1733 .1925 .2971 .2615 .2904 .1947 .2012 .5493 .2060 .2129 112
4/8 .0760 .0949 .0865 .2953 .3688 .0946 .1172 .2747 .1945 .2409 .0954 .1183 .2885 .1911 .2370 .1276 .1383 .5183 .1627 .1764 1273
8 .0735 .0906 .0823 .2983 .3677 .0900 .1119 .2610 .1945 .2418 .0907 .1131 .2710 .1910 .2382 .1206 .1028 .4908 .1620 .1785 2052
6 .0868 .1067 .0877 .3087 .3795 .1045 .1287 .2806 .2033 .2506 .1052 .1299 .2921 .1995 .2464 .1375 .1493 .5322 .1679 .1823 176
4 .1163 .1278 .0805 .3583 .3937 .1237 .1447 .2621 .2331 .2728 .1236 .1457 .2749 .2271 .2617 .1505 .1606 .5076 .1838 .1962 914
2 .1250 .1282 .0624 .3961 .4061 .1231 .1374 .2057 .2640 .2947 .1221 .1380 .2162 .2564 .2897 .1388 .1455 .4007 .2026 .2124 777
3/6 .0509 .0644 .0586 .2927 .3704 .0626 .0802 .1830 .1920 .2463 .0628 .0809 .1894 .1886 .2430 .0833 .0954 .3411 .1603 .1835 494
4 .0510 .0599 .0425 .3326 .3904 .0574 .0700 .1363 .2177 .2656 .0576 .0706 .1422 .2129 .2612 .0722 .0795 .2600 .1755 .1931 495
2 .0627 .0658 .0346 .3844 .4036 .0635 .0715 .1140 .2551 .2872 .0633 .0719 .1l99 .2481 .2819 .0736 .0765 .2227 .1975 .2053 496
2/2 .0335 .0349 .0180 .3877 .4038 .0330 .0381 .0583 .2552 .2946 .0326 .0383 .0611 .2474 .2900 .0374 .0412 .1124 .1960 .2157 779
10B 8/2 .6610 .6302 .2745 .4222 .4025 .6208 .6514 .9106 .2844 .2984 .6122 .6526 .9575 .2755 .2937 .6699 .6706 1.7770 .2149 .2151 942
7/6 .4053 .4205 .2348 .3821 .3965 .4150 .4576 .776l .2517 .2776 .4133 .4599 .8145 .2449 .2725 .4851 .4906 1.5072 .1954 .1976 673
4 .4285 .4267 .2092 .4026 .4009 .4186 .4526 .6921 .2678 .2895 .4148 .4542 .7271 .2599 .2846 .4693 .4757 1.3474 .2047 .2075 780
6/6 .2806 .2995 .1824 .3680 .3928 .2969 .3320 .6015 .2413 .2699 .2965 .3339 .6310 .2351 .2647 .3571 .3612 1.1658 .1894 .1916 675
4 .3127 .31373 .1699 .3909 .3967 .3140 .3415 .5626 .2578 .2804 .3120 .3430 .5910 .2504 .2753 .3618 .3635 1.0954 .1987 .1996 781
5/6 .1714 .1877 .1316 .3493 .3825 .1907 .2132 .4344 .2275 .2543 .1913 .2146 .4055 .2221 .2491 .2397 .2366 0.8423 .1818 .1794 670
4 .1894 .1959 .1131 .3800 .3930 .1963 .2134 .3768 .2495 .2714 .1957 .2140 .3964 .2427 .2659 .2329 .2292 .7371 .1942 .1911 640
4/8 .0903 .1132 .0924 .3321 .3677 .1131 .1292 .3271 .1986 .2270 .1141 .1303 .3410 .1949 .2226 .1539 .1510 .6239 .1658 .1626 669
6 .1022 .1064 .1009 .3035 .3575 .1196 .1316 .3051 .2150 .2366 .1204 .1326 .3196 .2103 .2315 .1567 .1491 .5901 .1749 .1664 782
4 .1142 .1185 .0715 .3753 .3895 .1198 .1299 .2384 .2454 .2661 .1196 .1305 .2509 .2387 .2605 .1440 .1402 .4668 .1918 .1867 652
3/8 .0506 .0630 .0750 .2684 .3340 .0697 .0812 .2382 .1790 .2088 .0704 .0820 .2467 .1765 .2054 .0997 .0990 .4454 .1547 .1537 661
6 .0547 .0632 .0598 .3081 .3555 .0673 .0765 .1929 .1998 .2273 .0677 .0771 .2009 .1959 .2230 .0907 .0894 .3669 .1659 .1635 659
4 .0581 .0623 .0450 .3511 .3168 .0642 .0708 .1480 .2268 .2502 .0642 .0712 .1551 .2209 .2451 .0805 .0789 .2863 .1801 .1770 657
2/2 .0326 .0345 .0237 .3594 .3797 .0349 .0390 .0773 .2311 .2577 .0348 .0392 .0810 .2248 .2528 .0429 .0434 .1493 .1822 .1841 943a
PB 8/2 .6675 .6223 .2709 .4277 .3987 .6218 .6380 .9034 .2875 .2949 .6122 .6386 .9509 .2781 .2900 .6686 .6535 1.7686 .2163 .2114 808
7/6 .4482 .4311 .2329 .4030 .3876 .4430 .4556 .7802 .2639 .2714 .4390 .4567 .8211 .2557 .2660 .5074 .4794 1.5282 .2017 .1906 506
4 .4800 .4551 .2232 .4144 .3929 .4614 .4743 .7466 .2743 .2819 .4559 .4751 .7860 .2655 .2767 .5138 .4930 1.4635 .2080 .1996 786
2 .5079 .4771 .2097 .4251 .3994 .4757 .4907 .6988 .2857 .2947 .4688 .4914 .7354 .2705 .2898 .5137 .5037 1.3678 .2154 .2112 807
6/8 .3097 .3055 .1926 .3834 .3782 .3214 .3310 .6461 .2475 .2549 .3200 .3322 .6798 .2403 .2494 .3860 .3558 1.2655 .1923 .1773 1307
8 .3114 .3059 .2037 .3793 .3726 .3283 .3329 .6864 .2436 .2470 .3274 .3341 .7227 .2365 .2414 .4007 .3595 1.3476 .1901 .1706 513
6 .3297 .3184 .1918 .3926 .3791 .3364 .3404 .6472 .2541 .2571 .3345 .3413 .6818 .2464 .2514 .3986 .3621 1.2727 .1960 .1781 512
4 .3608 .3426 .1779 .4094 .3888 .3520 .3589 .5973 .2691 .2744 .3483 .3596 .6293 .2605 .2689 .3987 .3751 1.1736 .2048 .1926 787
2 .3587 .3338 .1532 .4241 .3947 .3383 .3432 .5132 .2831 .2873 .3336 .3436 .5407 .2739 .2821 .3694 .3528 1.0078 .2135 .2039 784
5/10 .1867 .1969 .1681 .3384 .3569 .2188 .2263 .5620 .2173 .2247 .2202 .2277 .5899 .2122 .2194 .2887 .2546 1.0945 .1763 .1554 1303
8 .2056 .2094 .1598 .3577 .3643 .2293 .2345 .5378 .2289 .2341 .2299 .2356 .5659 .2229 .2284 .2929 .2587 1.0544 .1824 .1611 517
6 .2090 .2063 .1347 .3800 .3751 .2202 .2241 .4551 .2448 .2492 .2198 .2250 .4797 .2377 .2434 .2687 .2414 0.8965 .1910 .1717 516
4 .2133 .2051 .1143 .4005 .3851 .2135 .2170 .3859 .2615 .2658 .2121 .2176 .4071 .2534 .2600 .2484 .2286 .7617 .2005 .1845 5l5
2 .2137 .2013 .0973 .4171 .3929 .2052 .2087 .3277 .2767 .2814 .2029 .2090 .3457 .2678 .2759 .2287 .2159 .6464 .2096 .1979 785
4/10 .1142 .1219 .1253 .3160 .8373 .1443 .1446 .4202 .2035 .2039 ·1460 .1456 .4409 .1993 .1987 .2009 .1668 .8182 .1694 .1406 532
8 .1173 .1211 .1065 .3401 .3511 .1384 .1387 .3597 .2174 .2178 .1395 .1395 .3784 .2122 .2122 .1846 .1558 .7053 .1766 .1490 522
6 .1227 .1232 .0908 .3645 .3658 .1353 .1364 .3078 .2334 .2354 .1356 .1370 .3245 .2271 .2295 .1716 .1493 .6070 .1850 .1609 521
4 .1313 .1268 .0762 .3927 .3794 .1344 .1355 .2583 .2544 .2565 .1338 .1358 .2727 .2467 .2505 .1600 .1439 .5109 .1964 .1766 520
2 .1350 .1268 .0612 .4179 .3927 .1296 .1313 .2064 .2774 .2809 .1282 .1315 .2179 .2684 .2753 .1446 .1356 .4080 .2101 .1970 519
3/12 .0574 .0627 .0907 .2725 .2974 .0832 .0802 .2983 .1803 .1737 .0847 .0808 .3109 .1778 .1697 .1246 .0977 .5700 .1573 .1233 537
12 .0563 .0608 .0872 .2756 .2975 .0814 .0775 .2909 .1810 .1723 .0830 .0781 .3043 .1783 .1679 .1233 .0946 .5622 .1580 .1213 2053
10 .0651 .0692 .0836 .2987 .3175 .0871 .0844 .2790 .1934 .1873 .0884 .0850 .2921 .1899 .1825 .1257 .0995 .5400 .1643 .1300 534
8 .0621 .0649 .0686 .3175 .3319 .0786 .0768 .2306 .2036 .1990 .0796 .0773 .2421 .1994 .1938 .1099 .0886 .4500 .1695 .1366 532
6 .0661 .0663 .0568 .3493 .3506 .0763 .0749 .1928 .2222 .2180 .0768 .0753 .2025 .2166 .2123 .1007 .0834 .3784 .1790 .1483 530
4 .0659 .0643 .0441 .3779 .3689 .0703 .0699 .1500 .2422 .2409 .0702 .0701 .1583 ·2352 .2348 .0871 .0755 .2968 .1896 .1643 528
2 .0698 .0660 .0345 .4100 .3876 .0685 .0689 .1168 .2695 .2711 .0679 .0690 .1234 .2608 .2652 .0783 .0718 .2315 .2052 .1882 526
2/6 .0326 .0337 .0377 .3138 .3238 .0412 .0405 .1251 .1993 .1959 .0416 .0407 .1310 .1950 .1910 .0577 .0475 .2421 .1662 .1367 804
4 .0330 .0334 .0309 .3395 .3432 .0388 .0385 .1033 .2150 .2129 .0390 .0386 .1085 .2096 .2076 .0518 .0436 .2015 .1745 .1469 805
2 .0342 .0329 .0204 .3906 .3759 .0352 .0353 .0689 .2523 .2530 .0350 .0353 .0726 .2447 .2473 .0419 .0376 .1356 .1950 .1747 806
2 .0363 .0353 .0231 .3834 .3725 .0378 .0383 .0776 .2459 .2490 .0376 .0384 .0817 .2384 .2433 .0457 .0413 .1524 .1910 .1724 ---
10PB 8/2 .7035 .6393 .2801 .4335 .3940 .6498 .6499 .9357 .2907 .2907 .6384 .6496 .9846 .2809 .2858 .6949 .6625 1.8314 .2179 .2078 945
7/6 .4889 .4300 .2155 .4309 .3791 .4598 .4365 .7316 .2825 .2681 .4519 .4357 .7717 .2723 .2626 .5077 .4463 1.4440 .2117 .1861 796
4 .5023 .4454 .2019 .4369 .3875 .4634 .4498 .6798 .2909 .2824 .4547 .4491 .7163 .2807 .2772 .4982 .4571 1.3366 .2174 .1994 790
6/8 .3680 .3132 .1952 .4199 .3574 .3623 .3200 .6768 .2666 .2354 .3577 .3190 .7165 .2567 .2290 .4253 .3310 1.3520 .2017 .1570 800
6 .3587 .3100 .1751 .4251 .3673 .3447 .3161 .5988 .2737 .2509 .3392 .3152 .6322 .2637 .2450 .3920 .3258 1.1860 .2059 .1712 797a
4 .3849 .3354 .1681 .4332 .3776 .3606 .3394 .5708 .2838 .2671 .3541 .3385 .6023 .2735 .2614 .3974 .3467 1.1278 .2123 .1852 791
5/10 .2291 .1933 .1503 .4001 .3375 .2413 .2014 .5291 .2483 .2072 .2401 .2009 .5616 .2395 .2004 .3038 .2126 1.0662 .1920 .1344 803
8 .2419 .2054 .1464 .4075 .3460 .2476 .2126 .5110 .2550 .2189 .2455 .2121 .5415 .2457 .2123 .3029 .2230 1.0244 .1954 .1439 801
6 .2423 .2090 .1309 .4162 .3589 .2399 .2149 .4519 .2645 .2371 .2369 .2144 .4780 .2549 .2307 .2822 .2235 0.9006 .2007 .1589 798a
4 .2467 .2144 .1167 .4270 .3711 .2363 .2180 .3999 .2766 .2553 .2327 .2175 .4227 .2666 .2492 .2675 .2238 .7948 .2080 .1740 792
4/10 .1439 .1174 .1035 .3944 .3217 .1563 .1224 .3688 .2414 .1890 .1560 .1220 .3923 .2327 .1820 .2038 .1300 .7483 .1884 .1201 696
8 .1490 .1241 .0996 .3998 .3329 .1578 .1291 .3517 .2470 .2021 .1570 .1287 .3736 .2381 .1952 .2001 .1364 .7103 .1912 .1303 802
6 .1512 .1281 .0890 .4106 .3479 .1535 .1321 .3104 .2576 .2217 .1520 .1317 .3290 .2481 .2150 .1863 .1381 .6227 .1967 .1458 799
4 .1468 .1264 .0732 .4239 .3649 .1426 .1288 .2526 .2721 .2458 .1406 .1285 .2674 .2620 .2395 .1644 .1326 .5046 .2051 .1655 793
3/10 .0868 .0659 .0777 .3769 .2859 .1031 .0693 .2843 .2258 .1517 .1039 .0690 .3041 .2179 .1446 .1465 .0750 .5864 .1813 .0929 864
8 .0874 .0703 .0599 .4019 .3230 .0936 .0724 .2143 .2461 .1903 .0933 .0720 .2283 .2370 .1830 .1208 .0760 .4365 .1908 .1201 701
10PB 6 .0855 .0696 .0528 .4114 .3348 .0883 .0711 .1874 .2546 .2050 .0876 .0708 .1993 .2449 .1979 .1100 .0741 .3801 .1950 .1313 700
4 .0841 .0700 .0469 .4184 .3483 .0841 .0713 .1643 .2630 .2232 .0831 .0711 .1743 .2530 .2163 .1009 .0739 .3308 .1996 .1461 794
2/6 .0433 .0351 .0277 .4081 .3306 .0455 .0358 .0988 .2529 .1985 .0454 .0356 .1051 .2437 .1916 .0574 .0372 .2002 .1947 .1261 707
4 .0447 .0370 .0281 .4074 .3369 .0466 .0380 .0992 .2535 .2067 .0463 .0378 .1054 .2444 .1997 .0581 .0397 .2005 .1949 .1331 878
8/4 .7006 .5974 .2643 .4484 .3824 .6318 .5940 .8897 .2986 .2808 .6167 .5913 .9372 .2875 .2756 .6671 .5984 1.7480 .2214 .1986 284
2 .6706 .5915 .2313 .4490 .3961 .5992 .5897 .7723 .3055 .3007 .5858 .5884 .8133 .2947 .2960 .6193 .5918 1.5143 .2272 .2171 282
7/6 .5577 .4476 .2133 .4577 .3673 .4972 .4381 .7256 .2994 .2638 .4824 .4341 .7654 .2868 .2581 .5274 .4391 1.4333 .2198 .1830 1337
4 .5314 .4492 .2013 .4496 .3801 .4790 .4457 .6795 .2986 .2778 .4674 .4434 .7162 .2873 .2725 .5072 .4487 1.3380 .2211 .1956 274
2 .4740 .4129 .1685 .4491 .3912 .4256 .4108 .5658 .3035 .2930 .4161 .4096 .5964 .2926 .2880 .4441 .4123 1.1132 .2255 .2093 272
6/8 .4211 .3232 .1848 .4533 .3479 .3846 .3157 .6363 .2877 .2362 .3735 .3118 .6721 .2751 .2297 .4246 .3187 1.2633 .2116 .1588 268
8 .4344 .3328 .1800 .4587 .3513 .3921 .3227 .6218 .2934 .2414 .3802 .3187 .6575 .2803 .2350 .4276 .3233 1.2384 .2149 .1625 2057
6 .4044 .3230 .1693 .4510 .3602 .3681 .3179 .5788 .2910 .2514 .3582 .3150 .6111 .2789 .2453 .4009 .3211 1.1465 .2146 .1718 266
4 .9114 .3330 .1562 .4489 .3751 .3610 .3301 .5296 .2958 .2704 .3522 .3282 .5588 .2843 .2648 .3863 .3329 1.0460 .2186 .1886 264
2 .3764 .3257 .1368 .4487 .3882 .3391 .3238 .4610 .3017 .2881 .3315 .3227 .4863 .2907 .2830 .3563 .3253 0.9092 .2240 .2045 262
5/10 .3004 .2129 .1422 .4583 .3248 .2768 .2039 .5008 .2820 .2078 .2680 .2002 .5310 .2683 .2003 .3156 .2049 1.0065 .2067 .1342 228
8 .2930 .2177 .1313 .4564 .3391 .2682 .2107 .4574 .2864 .2250 .2601 .2076 .4843 .2732 .2181 .2998 .2120 0.9150 .2102 .1486 226
6 .2612 .2018 .1094 .4563 .3526 .2368 .1965 .3774 .2921 .2424 .2299 .1942 .3992 .2793 .2359 .2591 .1974 .7520 .2144 .1633 224
4 .2413 .1964 .0964 .4518 .3677 .2188 .1934 .3297 .2950 .2606 .2133 .1919 .3484 .2830 .2546 .2362 .1945 .6545 .2176 .1792 222
2 .2299 .1976 .0833 .4500 .3868 .2070 .1959 .2818 .3023 .2861 .2024 .1952 .2975 .2912 .2808 .2179 .1964 .5574 .2243 .2021 220
4/12 .2177 .1362 .1054 .4740 .2966 .1966 .1252 .3748 .2823 .1797 .1885 .1213 .3976 .2665 .1715 .2256 .1243 .7550 .2042 .1125 693
12 .238l .1474 .1060 .4844 .2999 .2101 .1336 .3802 .2902 .1845 .2007 .1292 .4041 .2733 .1759 .2372 .1307 .7721 .2081 .1146 2058
10 .2027 .1373 .0930 .4681 .3171 .1832 .1292 .3276 .2863 .2019 .1763 .1261 .3471 .2714 .1942 .2065 .1289 .6577 .2079 .1298 250
8 .1851 .1339 .0829 .4605 .3332 .1704 .1278 .2954 .2871 .2153 .1655 .1258 .3146 .2732 .2076 .1938 .1270 .6011 .2102 .1377 816
6 .1700 .1282 .0721 .4590 .3463 .1539 .1240 .2503 .2914 .2348 .1492 .1223 .2619 .2781 .2281 .1691 .1243 .5001 .2134 .1566 246
4 .1668 .1322 .0654 .4578 .3628 .1496 .1289 .2240 .2977 .2566 .1453 .1277 .2367 .2851 .2505 .1605 .1291 .4449 .2186 .1758 244
2 .1481 .1262 .0545 .4506 .3837 .1337 .1248 .1850 .3015 .2814 .1308 .1243 .1955 .2903 .2759 .1416 .1250 .3670 .2235 .1973 242
3/10 .1360 .0843 .0687 .4706 .2918 .1263 .0769 .2514 .2779 .1692 .1221 .0746 .2686 .2624 .1603 .1506 .0756 .5174 .2025 .1017 1319
8 .1189 .0806 .0579 .4620 .3133 .1105 .0759 .2072 .2807 .1929 .1070 .0743 .2204 .2664 .1850 .1284 .0756 .4207 .2055 .1210 298
6 .1079 .0777 .0502 .4576 .3295 .0999 .0744 .1778 .2837 .2113 .0970 .0732 .1889 .2701 .2039 .1141 .0744 .3593 .2083 .1358 296
4 .0966 .0730 .0414 .4579 .3460 .0881 .0705 .1446 .2906 .2325 .0856 .0696 .1533 .2774 .2257 .0977 .0704 .2900 .2132 .1538 294
2 .0909 .0749 .0341 .4546 .3746 .0817 .0736 .1166 .3006 .2706 .0797 .0731 .1232 .2887 .2650 .0869 .0735 .2313 .2218 .1877 292
2/6 .0544 .0371 .0259 .4631 .3160 .0511 .0346 .0955 .2820 .1911 .0498 .0340 .1024 .2676 .1824 .0606 .0340 .1985 .2068 .1160 306
4 .0503 .0373 .0223 .4577 .3398 .0467 .0358 .0796 .2879 .2208 .0455 .0353 .0849 .2746 .2132 .0532 .0355 .1627 .2116 .1412 1313
4 .0551 .0410 .0248 .4558 .3393 .0515 .0394 .0885 .2869 .2196 .0502 .0389 .0944 .2738 .2119 .0590 .0392 .1808 .2113 .1405 2059
2 .0460 .0363 .0184 .4569 .3599 .0422 .0351 .0650 .2966 .2466 .0412 .0348 .0691 .2343 .2397 .0465 .0347 .1316 .2186 .1632 877
2 .0503 .0390 .0208 .4564 .3544 .0460 .0378 .0733 .2930 .2406 .0450 .0374 .0779 .2804 .2335 .0511 .0376 .1483 .2157 .1587 2060
10P 8/4 .7343 .6230 .2446 .4570 .3908 .6490 .6182 .8230 .3105 .2958 .6327 .6158 .8677 .2990 .2910 .6667 .6146 1.6201 .2298 .2118 810
7/8 .6373 .4972 .1983 .4782 .3731 .5445 .4735 .6745 .3217 .2798 .5251 .4679 .7121 .3079 .2744 .5493 .4635 1.3347 .2342 .1974 1541
6 .5944 .4839 .1886 .4692 .3820 .5152 .4675 .6383 .3178 .2884 .4995 .4640 .6736 .3051 .2834 .5233 .4606 1.2607 .2331 .2052 1540
4 .5797 .4799 .1837 .4662 .3860 .5048 .4657 .6210 .3172 .2926 .4907 .4628 .6554 .3050 .2877 .5134 .4593 1.2268 .2334 .2088 1539
6/8 .4729 .3471 .1520 .4866 .3571 .4011 .3245 .5250 .3207 .2595 .3847 .3191 .5558 .3054 .2533 .4093 .3152 1.0485 .2309 .1778 1538
6 .4544 .3487 .1447 .4795 .3679 .3887 .3307 .4951 .3200 .2723 .3745 .3265 .5233 .3059 .2667 .3952 .3230 .9833 .2323 .1898 1537
4 .4220 .3372 .1332 .4729 .3779 .3637 .3238 .4515 .3193 .2843 .3518 .3209 .4764 .3062 .2792 .3683 .3179 .8916 .2334 .2015 1536
5/10 .3908 .2520 .1140 .5164 .3330 .3161 .2226 .3999 .3368 .2371 .2979 .2154 .4244 .3178 .2297 .3141 .2097 .8051 .2364 .1578 1535
8 .3559 .2406 .1052 .5072 .3429 .2905 .2174 .3644 .3331 .2492 .2751 .2116 .3858 .3153 .2425 .2886 .2075 .7286 .2355 .1694 1534
6 .3236 .2315 .0955 .4974 .3558 .2688 .2129 .3299 .3312 .2623 .2568 .2088 .3494 .3151 .2562 ·2684 .2044 .6592 .2371 .1806 1533
4 .2985 .2277 .0904 .4841 .3693 .2534 .2143 .3098 .3259 .2757 .2441 .2116 .3274 .3117 .2702 .2549 .2079 .6154 .2364 .1928 1532
4/10 .2542 .1546 .0759 .5244 .3190 .2045 .1331 ·2713 .3359 .2186 .1920 .1278 .2890 .3154 .2100 ·2060 .1236 .5528 .2334 .1401 1531
8 .2419 .1581 .0734 .5110 .3340 .1983 .1406 .2589 .3317 .2352 .1878 .1364 .2752 .3133 .2276 .2003 .1330 .5238 .2337 .1551 1530
6 .2232 .1548 .0678 .5006 .3472 .1860 .1407 .2377 .3295 .2493 .1775 .1375 .2525 .3128 .2424 .1885 .1343 .4796 .2349 .1674 1529
4 .2031 .1525 .0627 .4855 .3646 .1730 .1428 ·2170 .3247 .2680 .1668 .1408 .2299 .3102 .2620 .1759 .1381 .4342 .2350 .1846 1528
3/10 .1328 .0765 .0461 .5199 .2996 .1101 .0648 .1694 .3198 .1883 .1038 .0619 .1814 .2990 .1784 .1175 .0599 .3508 .2224 .1135 1527
8 .1331 .0810 .0431 .5175 .3149 .1095 .0700 .1560 .3265 .2087 .1034 .0674 .1666 .3065 .1996 .1139 .0652 .3205 .2279 .1306 1526
6 .1191 .0798 .0406 .4972 .3332 .1011 .0722 .1448 .3179 .2270 .0966 .0704 .1543 .3007 .2191 .1064 .0691 .2952 .2261 .1469 1525
4 .1117 .0795 .0354 .4927 .3510 .0948 ·0731 .1245 .3242 .2500 .0910 .0718 .1324 .3084 .2430 ·0977 .0702 .2524 .2325 .1670 1524
2/6 .0670 .0426 .0244 .4999 .3178 .0579 .0371 .0898 .3123 .2032 .0555 .0366 .0964 .2945 .1941 .0634 .0355 .1869 .2217 .1243 1523
4 .0601 .0407 .0216 .4910 .3327 .0521 .0370 .0779 .3119 .2215 .0501 .0362 .0834 .2954 .2133 .0563 .0354 .1606 .2230 .1404 723
RP 8/6 .7512 .6268 .2126 .4723 .3941 .6411 .6058 .7081 .3279 .3099 .6215 .6019 .7454 .3157 .3057 .6316 .5947 1.3862 .2418 .2276 1369
4 .7344 .6219 .2144 .4676 .3959 .6321 .6050 .7136 .3240 .3101 .6140 .6019 .7511 .3122 .3060 .6272 .5961 1.3963 .2394 .2276 1368
2 .7511 .6548 .2244 .4607 .4017 .6540 .6435 .7454 .3201 .3150 .6375 .6417 .7844 .3089 .3110 .6531 .6368 1.4572 .2377 .2318 1367
7/8 .6536 .5137 .1760 .4866 .3824 .5474 .4845 .5937 .3367 .2980 .5277 .4792 .6264 .3231 .2934 .5346 .4690 1.1712 .2458 .2157 1366
6 .6500 .5213 .1776 .4819 .3864 .5482 .4955 .5975 .3340 .3019 .5297 .4910 .6301 .3209 .2974 .5373 .4814 1.1771 .2447 .2192 1365
4 .6096 .5070 .1719 .4731 .3935 .5214 .4885 .5757 .3288 .3081 .5061 .4857 .6058 .3166 .3038 .5151 .4777 1.1319 .2424 .2248 1364
2 .5671 .4851 .1660 .4655 .3982 .4913 .4727 .5547 .3235 .3113 .4786 .4710 .5845 .3119 ·3070 .4898 .4651 1.0893 .2396 .2275 1363
6/10 .5504 .3810 .1278 .5197 .3597 .4384 .3389 .4388 .3605 .2787 .4160 .3307 .4644 .3435 .2731 .4139 .3173 0.8747 .2577 .1976 1362
8 .5213 .3715 .1229 .5132 .3658 .4186 .3349 .4197 .3568 .2855 .3987 .3282 .4438 .3406 .2804 .3963 .3152 .8344 .2563 .2039 575
6 .4803 .3622 .1202 .4989 .3762 .3951 .3345 .4084 .3472 .2939 .3794 .3298 .4316 .3326 .2891 .3805 .3192 .8102 .2520 .2114 1360
4 .4552 .3641 .1247 .4822 .3857 .3850 .3454 .4214 .3343 .2998 .3726 .3424 .4450 .3212 .2952 .3789 .3347 .8333 .2449 .2164 1359
2 .3851 .3263 .1133 .4670 .3957 .3337 .3169 .3799 .3238 .3075 .3250 .3156 .4006 .3121 .3031 .3335 .3112 .7476 .2395 .2235 1358
5/10 .4308 .2724 .0840 .5472 .3460 .3283 .2301 .2934 .3854 .2702 .3073 .2219 .3116 .3655 .2639 .2980 .2074 .5915 .2717 .1890 1357
8 .3813 .2537 .0824 .5316 .3536 .2984 .2206 .2858 .3708 .2741 .2818 .2143 .3031 ·3525 .2682 .2778 .2029 .5739 .2634 .1924 1356
6 .3330 .2346 .0772 .5164 .3539 .2670 .2099 .2661 .3593 .2826 .2542 .2055 .2820 .3428 .2771 .2531 .1964 .5327 .2577 .1999 1355
4 .2968 .2271 .0768 .4941 .3780 .2470 .2110 .2623 .3429 .2929 .2379 .2084 .2776 .3287 .2879 .2406 .2017 .5222 .2494 .2091 1354
2 .2692 .2225 .0762 .4740 .3918 .2304 .2138 .2559 .3291 .3054 .2237 .2125 .2698 .3169 .3010 .2280 .2089 .5035 .2425 .2221 1353
4/12 .3037 .1734 .0573 .5683 .3245 .2231 .1396 .2029 .3945 .2467 .2050 .1322 .2158 .3707 .2390 .1985 .1220 .4114 .2712 .1667 1352
10 .2776 .1650 .0547 .5582 .3318 .2072 .1359 .1934 .3862 .2534 .1916 .1297 .2059 .3634 .2461 .1871 .1206 .3932 .2670 .1721 1351
8 .2503 .1577 .0530 .5429 .3421 .1921 .1341 .1873 .3742 .2612 .1796 .1294 .1995 .3532 .2544 .1778 .1212 ·3812 ·2512 .1782 1350
6 .2365 .1598 .0553 .5236 .3539 .1881 .1406 .1918 .3614 .2701 .1784 .1371 .2033 .3439 .2642 .1783 .1304 .3846 .2572 .1881 554
4 .2104 .1550 .0838 .5019 .3698 .1734 .1418 .1855 .3464 .2833 .1565 .1397 .1966 .3311 .2778 .1688 .1344 .3717 .2501 .1991 1348
2 .1847 .1509 .0528 .4755 .3886 .1582 .1445 .1785 .3288 .3002 .1536 .1435 .1885 .3163 .2955 .1575 .1408 ·3531 ·2418 .2161 1347
3/10 .1654 .0932 .0311 .5710 .3217 .1209 .0743 .1126 .3928 .2413 .1110 .0703 .1206 .3677 .2329 .1084 .0642 .2327 .2674 .1583 1346
8 .1445 .0858 .0288 .5576 .3312 .1082 .0706 .1033 .3836 .2502 .1003 .0674 .1103 .3607 .2425 .0987 .0623 .2120 .2646 .1671 1345
6 .1210 .0776 .0257 .5396 .3460 .0935 .0664 .0906 .3732 .2652 .0877 .0643 .0965 .3529 .2586 .0868 .0603 .1845 .2619 .1818 1344
4 .1087 .0757 .0257 .5174 .3602 .0873 .0675 .0895 .3573 .2762 .0831 .0660 .0952 .3401 .2702 .0835 .0629 .1809 .2552 .1923 1370
2 .0884 .0695 .0243 .4851 .3816 .0749 .0654 .0831 .3351 .2930 .0725 .0648 .0880 .3217 .2879 .0742 .0631 .1657 .2448 .2081 1343
2/6 .0843 .0520 .0199 .5397 .3328 .0656 .0440 .0721 .3609 .2421 .0615 .0424 .0773 .3395 .2339 .0630 .0397 .1493 .2500 .1576 1342
4 .0736 .0476 .0170 .5327 .3445 .0577 .0411 .0605 .3621 .2582 .0543 .0399 .0646 .3421 .2511 .0549 .0376 .1239 .2537 .1736 1341
2 .0565 .0420 .0145 .5002 .3715 .0465 .0386 .0499 .3442 .2859 .0445 .0380 .0529 .3287 .2806 .0452 .0367 .0999 .2484 .2018 1340
10RP 8/6 .7907 .6533 .2106 .4779 .3949 .6712 .6251 .7068 .3351 .3121 .6513 .6215 .7456 .3227 .3079 .6562 .6066 1.3929 .2471 .2284 853
4 .7438 .6301 .2084 .4701 .3982 .6378 .6107 .6948 .3282 .3143 .6198 .6079 .7320 .3163 .3102 .6287 .5987 1.3630 .2427 .2311 1392
7/8 .6363 .4810 .1415 .5055 .3821 .5152 .4412 .4777 .3593 .3077 .4941 .4354 .5045 .3445 .3036 .4830 .4169 0.9452 .2618 .2259 1391
10RP 6 .6237 .4877 .1483 .4951 .3871 .5129 .4551 .4983 .3498 .3104 .4935 .4502 .5257 .3359 .3064 .4873 .4350 .9820 .2559 .2284 1390
4 .5697 .4632 .1458 .4833 .3930 .4789 .4397 .4896 .3401 .3122 .4639 .4368 .5166 .3273 .3082 .4639 .4244 .9653 .2503 .2290 1389
6/10 .5586 .3737 .0953 .5435 .3637 .4255 .3210 .3256 .3969 .2994 .4009 .3123 .3447 .3790 .2952 .3764 .2902 .6492 .2861 .2205 1388
8 .5182 .3668 .1004 .5219 .3722 .4066 .3248 .3414 .3710 .3027 .3867 .3183 .3612 .3627 .2986 .3703 .2998 .6792 .2745 .2222 1387
6 .4751 .3553 .1039 .5085 .3803 .3835 .3240 .3521 .3620 .3057 .3676 .3195 .3721 .3471 .3016 .3589 .3049 .6983 .2635 .2238 1386
4 .4356 .3451 .1083 .4900 .3882 .3627 .3239 .3652 .3448 .3080 .3504 .3212 .3855 .3315 .3039 .3491 .3107 .7215 .2527 .2249 1385
5/10 .4431 .2690 .0594 .5743 .3486 .3208 .2180 .2048 .4315 .2931 .2971 .2088 .2173 .4108 .2887 .2691 .1888 .4111 .3097 .2173 1384
8 .4005 .2540 .0591 .5612 .3560 .2966 .2111 .2040 .4168 .2966 .2771 .2039 .2165 .3973 .2923 .2549 .1856 .4103 .2996 .2182 1383
6 .3638 .2512 .0657 .5344 .3691 .2819 .2191 .2251 .3882 .3018 .2673 .2143 .2386 .3712 .2976 .2536 .1996 .4504 .2806 .2210 1382
4 .3229 .2463 .0717 .5038 .3843 .2634 .2260 .2435 .3594 .3083 .2537 .2235 .2576 .3452 .3042 .2484 .2130 .4843 .2627 .2252 1381
4/10 .2988 .1724 .0384 .5864 .3383 .2119 .1358 .1345 .4395 .2817 .1943 .1289 .1431 .4167 .2764 .1754 .1151 .2728 .3114 .2044 1380
8 .2649 .1625 .0402 .5665 .3475 .1948 .1332 .1400 .4163 .2846 .1810 .1278 .1488 .3955 .2793 .1678 .1164 .2829 .2959 .2053 1379
6 .2310 .1495 .0379 .5521 .3574 .1740 .1262 .1312 .4035 .2924 .1633 .1222 .1393 .3844 .2876 .1532 .1125 .2643 .2890 .2123 1378
4 .1947 .1420 .0412 .5153 .3758 .1561 .1277 .1409 .3676 .3006 .1495 .1257 .1493 .3521 .2962 .1457 .1189 .2814 .2668 .2178 1377
3/10 .1756 .0958 .0237 .5952 .3246 .1223 .0735 .0819 .4356 .2621 .1107 .0690 .0907 .4094 .2552 .1010 .0612 .1744 .3002 .1818 1376
8 .1502 .0875 .0210 .5805 .3383 .1074 .0698 .0742 .4273 .2776 .0986 .0664 .0791 .4039 .2719 .0904 .0597 .1513 .3000 .1979 1375
6 .1371 .0856 .0219 .5603 .3500 .1016 .0712 .0765 .4075 .2855 .0945 .0685 .0814 .3867 .2803 .0885 .0628 .1550 .2889 .2051 1374
4 .1057 .0743 .0215 .5247 .3636 .0834 .0658 .0741 .3735 .2945 .0793 .0644 .0787 .3566 .2896 .0771 .0607 .1489 .2639 .2118 1373
2/6 .0844 .0506 .0152 .5620 .3367 .0626 .0416 .0544 .3949 .2621 .0579 .0397 .0581 .3718 .2551 .0558 .0364 .1115 .2740 .1788 1372
4 .0676 .0453 .0140 .5326 .3571 .0526 .0395 .0491 .3726 .2799 .0496 .0385 .0522 .3536 .2744 .0486 .0361 .0991 .2643 .1966 1371
N 9.6/ .9974 .9085 .3158 .4489 .4089 .8863 .9076 1.0461 .3121 .3196 .8684 .9075 1.1006 .3019 .3155 .8983 .9066 2.0429 .2335 .2356 60
No. 57 .9166 .8344 .2867 .4498 .4095 .8123 .8329 0.9476 .3133 .3212 .7955 .8328 0.9966 .3031 .3173 .8201 .8313 1.8482 .2313 .2376 1486
N 9.4/ .9171 .8333 .2859 .4504 .4092 .8119 .8311 .9455 .3137 .3211 .7950 .8310 .9944 .3034 .3171 .8193 .8292 1.8445 .2346 .2374 1486
N 9/ .7994 .7266 .2529 .4494 .4085 .7095 .7256 .8367 .3123 .3194 .6948 .7254 .8801 .3021 .3153 .7183 .7247 1.6330 .2335 .2356 1177
N 8/ .6315 .5759 .1966 .4498 .4102 .5591 .5751 .6484 .3136 .3226 .5474 .5750 .6815 .3035 .3188 .5632 .5741 1.2625 .2347 .2392 1176
N 7/ .4839 .4424 .1590 .4459 .4077 .4337 .4433 .5285 .3086 .3154 .4257 .4434 .5565 .2986 .3111 .4444 .4438 1.0349 .2311 .2308 1l75
N 6/ .3324 .3032 .1076 .4473 .4079 .2972 .3032 .3579 .3102 .3164 .2916 .3033 .3768 .3001 .3121 .3036 .3030 0.7010 .2322 .2317 1071
N 5/ .2085 .1904 .0687 .4459 .4072 .1872 .1906 .2292 .3084 .3140 .1838 .1907 .2415 .2984 .3095 .1924 .1907 .4501 .2309 .2289 997
N 4/ .1323 .1207 .0438 .4457 .4063 .1189 .1209 .1462 .3080 .3131 .1167 .1209 .1542 .2979 .3086 .1224 .1209 .2875 .2306 .2278 1070
N 3/ .0717 .0651 .0237 .4469 .4054 .0643 .0651 .0792 .3084 .3119 .0631 .0651 .0835 .2981 .3073 .0662 .0651 .1558 .2306 .2267 1171
N 2/ .0333 .0301 .0109 .4479 .4051 .0298 .0300 .0366 .3091 .3114 .0292 .0300 .0386 .2987 .3069 .0306 .0300 .0720 .2310 .2262 1068
N 1/ .0163 .0153 .0056 .4461 .4066 .0151 .0154 .0185 .3075 .3137 .0147 .0153 .0195 .2970 .3093 .0155 .0154 .0364 .2298 .2291 1169

Graphs similar to figures 2 to 8 could of course be plotted for the other illuminants, using the data given in table 2. While this has not b een done for the present paper, it has seemed of interest to show the effect of the illuminant on the location and shape of the network. This is done in figure 9, where the values of x and y for Munsell value 5/ are plotted to the same scale for the four illuminants.

An image should appear at this position in the text.
Figure 9.—Values of x and y for samples of Munsell value 5/ for illuminants A, C, "D", and "S."
This graph shows the effect of illuminant on the location and shape of the Munsell network.

V. COMPARISON WITH GLENN-KILLIAN DATA

Differences between the methods used by Glenn and Killian and those used at the National Bureau of Standards are understood to be as follows: (1) The Glenn-Killian spectrophotometric data were obtained with samples backed by "a standard white substance," the National Bureau of Standards data with samples backed with black paper, (2) the calibration curves (see above) run on each sheet at the National Bureau of Standards were not used by Glenn and Killian, and (3) the Glenn-Killian colorimetric computations were made by the selected-ordinate method, the NBS data by the weighted-ordinate method.

Spectrophotometric differences caused by the backing are illustrated in figure 10, in which are shown the curves obtained on four Munsell samples, each sample being run first with white backing and then with black backing. The spectral reflections of the backings used for figure 10 are shown in the figure. It will be noted that the effect of backing becomes appreciable at wavelengths greater than 550 mμ approximately, if the values of apparent reflectance are greater than 0.60 or 0.65. (The slight separation of the curves for PBP 8/2

An image should appear at this position in the text.

Figure 10.—Effect of backing on the spectral apparent reflectance of Munsell samples.

The upper curve of each pair was obtained with the sample backed with a white paper (N9.6/). the lower curve with the sample backed with a black paper (N1/) . Note that no difference in curves caused by difference in backing is apparent for values of reflectance less than 0.6 or at the shorter wavelengths.
between 480 and 600 mμ is not considered significant. It is probably caused by nonuniformity of the sample. Differences of this magnitude can be obtained when a sample is rerun with the same backing if the sample and backing have been removed and reinserted between runs.)

The effects of such spectrophotometric differences on the computed values of Y, x, and y are shown in table 3. Since these samples probably illustrate the maximum effects to be expected from the two backings, it is apparent that the differences in color caused by measurement with white or with black backing are mostly unimportant.

The use of calibration curves on each record sheet-those enabling corrections of wavelength errors, 100-percent and zero curve deviations, and aging of the MgO comparison surface, as used at the National Bureau of Standards—enables spectrophotometric data to be obtained with much less care and worry regarding certain details of operation than if these calibration curves were omitted. Omission of the curves makes it necessary for the operator to take great care, for example, in the insertion of the graph sheet in the instrument, in continually checking the wavelength calibration of the instrument, and in controlling or watching the graph paper for expansion or shrinkage with change of humidity. A new MgO comparison surface must be prepared each day, and the question of reproducibility of such surfaces thus enters. The possibility of erratic differences in results between the two investigations is thus present, but since different actual samples were measmoed, no further conclusions can be reached regarding the erratic differences between the Glenn-Killian and the National Bureau of Standards data.


TABLE 3.—Effect of backing on colors of 1I1unsell samples Munsell sample

[Values are computed from the spectrophotometric curves shown in figure 10.]

Munsell Sample Values obtained with white backing minus Values obtained with black backing
ΔY Δx Δy
R 4/14 + 0.0007 + 0.0010 -0. 0002
R 8/4 + .0043 + .0023 +. 0001
BPB 8/L + .00001 + .00001 .00006
N 9.6/ + .0034 + .0007 + .0003

With respect to the differences between values of X, Y, Z, x, y, and z resulting from differences in computational procedure-3 0 selected ordinates, as against weighted ordinates at every 10mμ it has been shown [21] that such differences are small for samples such as those considered here, much less than some of the differences shown. Only small and unimportant errors are therefore to be expected from this difference in computational procedure.

Detailed comparison of the values of x and y obtained by Glenn and Killian with those obtained at the National Bureau of Standards may be made by the inspection of figures 2 to 8 or by study of the published data. Only two additional points will be noted here. 1. Certain consistent differences in the respective chromaticities are apparent when the (x, y)-data for certain groups of samples having the same hue designations (figs. 2 to 8) are replotted in a single graph, regardless of value level. This is particularly noticeable for the 10 GY, GY, P, 10 RP, and R samples. However, although the maximum (x, y)-difference[4] between the Glenn-Killian and the National Bureau of Standards data is Δx =0.0143 and Δy = 0.0156, inspection of figures 2 to 8 shows that in the great majority of cases there is good agreement between the two sets of data. Further effort to resolve the differences would seem unwarranted.

2. Differences in the average values of Y obtained in the two investigations are shown in table 4. The greatest differences are at the extremes. That for Munsell value 8/ may be caused partially by the differences in backing. That for Munsell value 2/ may indicate a real instrumental difference relating to the zero readings of the respective instruments; none of the 33 individual differences going into this average is negative. While the individual differences on which the values of table 4 are based reached a maximum of 0.036 (sample P 7/2), the final average value of +0.002 for all of the data is very small[5]


Table 4

Munsell value Average differences in Y, Glenn Killian values minus National Bureau of Standards values
8 + 0.003l
7 + .0019
6 - .0006
5 + .0018
4 +. 0020
3 + .0029
2 +.0039
Average +0.002

VI. DERIVATION OF ISCC-NBS COLOR NAMES FROM ICI TRISTIMULUS DATA

The Munsell notations for chroma and hue may be determined from figures 2 to 8 for any color whose chromaticity falls within these diagrams by plotting its trilinear coordinates on the appropriate value-level diagrams and estimating the relative position of this point with respect to the points representing the nearest samples of constant hue and the nearest lines of constant chroma. The Munsell value of the color is found by interpolation or extrapolation between the values of apparent reflectance (Y) of the Munsell standards for illuminant C in table 2. By referring to the color-name charts in RP1239, the ISCC-NBS color name descriptive of that color will be found. Likewise, in disk colorimetry [21], given percentages of a certain set of disks may be transformed into trilinear coordinates, plotted in a similar manner, and the corresponding color name found. Thus the ISCC--

NBS color name for a color may be found by the use of any spectrophotometer or colorimetcr [22, 231 whose resultant values may be transformed into data based on the ICI standard observer and coordinate system. Likewise, any color system may be used as a comparison standard if the trilinear coordinates of each sample in that system are plotted on the (x, y)-diagrams and the ISBCC-NBS color name determined through conversion to the Munscll notation.

The authors express their appreciation to Leo G. Glasser, Harry J. Keegan, and Margaret M . Balcom for running the spectral reflection curves on which the data of the present paper are based, and to Davis H . Wilson for directing the tabulating and statistical work on the Hollerith cards. They also acknowledge their indebtedness to the late Walter T. Spry, form er manager of the Munsell Color Co., and to Blanche R. Bellamy, present manager of the Munsell Color Co., who have seen that nothing was lacking in samples or assistance to make this project a success.

VII. REFERENCES

[1] Deane B. Judd, Color-blindness and anomalies of vision, J. Soc. Mot. Pict. Engrs. 26, 616 (1936).

[2] Color Names in the United States Pharmacopoeia and in the Arts, Sciences, and Industries. Supplement to the Circulars of the Committee of Revision, U. S. Pharmacopoeia, 1920-30.

[3] Report of Committee on Measurement and Specification for the Year 1933. Submitted to the Inter-Society Color Council by I. H. Godlove, chairman.

[4] Deane B. Judd and Kenneth L. Kelly, Method of designating colors, J. Research NBS 23, 355 (1939) RP1239.

[5] Kenneth L. Kelly, Instructions for determining the color names for drugs and chemicals, Bul. Ntl. Formulary Comm. 8, 359 (1940).

[6] Dorothy Nickerson and Sidney M. Newhall, Central notations for ISCC-NBS color names', J. Opt. Soc. Am. 31, 587 (1941).

[7] Munsell Book of Color. (The Munsell Color Co., 10 East Franklin St., Baltimore, Md., 1929.)

[8] Papers on the Mnnscll Color System. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 30 (1940): Dorothy Nickerson, History of the "Munsell color system and its scientific application, p. 575.

John E. Tyler and Arthur C. Hardy, Analysis of the original Munsell color system, p. 587.

Kasson S. Gibson and Dorothy Nickerson, Analysis of the Munsell color system based on measurements made in 1919 and 1926, p . 591.

James J. Glenn and James T. Killian, Trichromatic analysis of the Munsell book of color, p. 609.

Sidney M. Newhall, Preliminary report of the GSA subcommittee on the spacing of the Munsell colors, p . 617.

[9] Deane B. Judd. The 1931 ICI standard observer and coordinate system for colorimetry. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 23, 359 (1933) .

[10] H. T. Wensel, D. B . Judd , and William F. Roeser, Establishment of a scale of color temperature, J . Research NBS 12, 527 (1934) RP677.

[11] Dorothy Nickerson, Artificial day lighting for color grading of agricultural products. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 29, 1 (1939) .

[12] Dorothy Nickerson, Artificial daylighting studies, Trans. IlIum. Eng. Soc. 34, 1233 (1939).

[13] K S. Gibson, Approximate spectral energy distribution of skylight. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 30, 88 (1940) .

[14] Dorothy Nickerson, Computational Tables for Use in Studies of Artificial Daylighting, Agricultural Marketing Administration. (Mimeographed).

[15] K. S. Gibson and H. J. Keegan, On the magnitude of the error resulting from fluorescence in spectrophotometric measurements. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 28, 180 (1938).

[16] Preparation and Colorimetric Properties of a Magnesium Oxide Reflectance Standard. Letter Circular NBS LC547 (March 1939).

[17] K. S. Gibson and H. J . Keegan, Calibration and operation of the General Electric recording spectrophotometer of the National Bureau of Standards, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 28, 372 (1938).

[18] K. S. Gibson, Survey of spectrophotometers, Paper Trade J. 111, 135 (1940).

[19] Raymond Davis and K. S. Gibson, Filters for the Reproduction of Sunlight and Daylight and the D etermination of Color T emperature. BS Miscellaneous Pub. M114 (1931).

[20] Lila F. Knudsen, A punch card technique to obtain coefficients of orthogonal polynomials, J. Am. Statistical Association 37, 496 (1942).

[21] Dorothy Nickerson, Use of ICI Tristimulus Values in Disk Colorimetry. A Preliminary Report. U. S. Department of Agriculture (May 1938).

[22] Photoelectric "Colorimeters." Letter Circular NBS LC545 (March 1939),

[23] J. A. Van den Akker, A survey of abridged spectrophotometers. Paper Trade J. 111, 142 (1940).

Washington, May 25, 1943.
  1. Research Associate at the National Bnreau of Standards, representing the American Pharmaceutical Association.
  2. Food Distribution Administration, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.
  3. Figures in brackets indicate the literature references at the end of this paper.
  4. For YR 2/2. As is to be expected, the discrepancies in chromaticity are greatest at the lowest value level.
  5. Differences in Munsell value corresponding to the average differences in Y shown in table 4 are significant only at the lowest values. The difference, ΔY= 0.0039, corresponds to ΔV=0.15 at value level 2. It is believed that the NBS data are more reliable than the Glenn-Killian data at these low value levels. For the neutral samples N 1/, N 2/, and N 3/, the Glenn-Killian values of Y are from 0.005 to 0.006 higher than the NBS values given in table 2. Independent check of these samples visually on the Priest· Lange refiectometer gave values lower than the Glenn-Killian values by 0.004, and closely agreeing with the NBS data of table 2.