Tropical Diseases

by Patrick Manson

TROPICAL DISEASES

Pellagra. An English case, diagnosed by Dr. Sambon.
(Reproduced by permission of the "Wellcome" Bureau of Scientific Research.)

Tropical Diseases

A MANUAL OF THE DISEASES
OF WARM CLIMATES

BY

SIR PATRICK MANSON

G.C.M.G., M D., LL.D. (ABERD.)

Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, London; Fellow of the
Royal Society; Hon. D.Sc. Oxon.; Foreign Associate of the
Académie de Médecine, France; Honorary Member of the
Société de Médecine de Gand; Hon. Associate of the Roys
Academy of Medicine, Turin; Consulting Physician to the
Seamen's Hospital Society; Lecturer in the London School
of Tropical Medicine; late Medical Adviser to the
Colonial Office and to the Crown Agents for the
Colonies, etc. etc.

WITH 12 COLOUR AND 4 BLACK-AND-WHITE PLATES
AND 254 FIGURES IN THE TEXT

Sixth Edition, Revised throughout and
Enlarged

CASSELL AND COMPANY, LIMITED

London, New York, Toronto and Melbourne
1919

First Edition, May 1898

Reprinted July and September 1898, January 1899

New Revised Edition, 1900. Reprinted January 1901

New Edition, April 1903

Reprinted August 1903, October 1904

Revised and Enlarged Edition, August 1907

Reprinted March 1908, August 1909, March 1911, March 1912

Revised and Enlarged Edition, May 1914

Revised and Enlarged Edition, October 1917

Reprinted January 1918, February 1919

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

PREFACE TO THE SIXTH EDITION

Although the Fifth Edition of this Manual was published less than three-and-a-half years ago, the advances made in Tropical Medicine in the interval are of sufficient importance to have demanded a careful revision of the text and the provision of further illustrations. Among the more important accessions to our knowledge are those relating to the extracorporeal life-history of Schistosomum hæmatobium, which we owe to the researches of Dr. Leiper, and the demonstration that dengue is conveyed by Stegomyia calopus. I have removed the chapter on Rat-Bite Disease from the section on General Diseases of Undetermined Nature to that on Fevers; and contrariwise the chapter on Pellagra, which in the Fifth Edition appeared in the latter section, has now been transposed to the former. The revision of the chapter on Mosquitoes and of the articles on Tse-tse Flies and Ticks was kindly undertaken by Lieut.-Colonel Alcock, while in the chapter on Pellagra I have had the assistance of Dr. Sambon. My best thanks are due to them both; nor must I omit acknowledgments to Dr. Leiper and Mr. G. C. Robson for allowing me. to reproduce illustrations that have appeared in the Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps and the British Medical Journal; to the Editors of those journals; and to Dr. John Bell for placing at my service a number of valuable photographs.

P. M.

September, 1917.

PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION

A manual on the diseases of warm climates, of handy size, and yet giving adequate information, has long been a want; for the exigencies of travel and of tropical life are, as a rule, incompatible with big volumes and large libraries. This is the reason for the present work.

While it is hoped that the book may prove of practical service, it makes no pretension to being anything more than an introduction to the important department of medicine of which it treats; in no sense is it put forward as a complete treatise, or as being in this respect comparable to the more elaborate works by Davidson, Scheube, Rho, Laveran, Corre, Roux, and other systematic writers in the same field.

The author avails himself of this opportunity to acknowledge the valuable assistance he has received, in revising the text, from Dr. L. Westenra Sambon and Mr. David Rees, M.R.C.P., L.R.C.P., Superintendent, London School of Tropical Medicine. He would also acknowledge his great obligation to Mr. Richard Muir, Pathological Laboratory, Edinburgh University, for his care and skill in preparing the illustrations.

 

CONTENTS

Introduction
Page
The Etiology of Tropical Diseases		xv
Section I.—Fevers
chapter
1.	Malaria	1
2.	Malaria: The Microscopical Examination of the Blood	32
3.	Malaria: Description of the Parasites and Their Associated Fevers	50
4.	Malaria: Morbid Anatomy and Pathology	81
5.	Malaria: Malarial Cachexia, etc.	91
6.	Malaria: Etiology	100
7.	Malaria: Diagnosis	113
8.	Malaria: Treatment	119
9.	Malaria: The Mosquito	137
10.	Trypanosomiasis of Man	154
11.	Leishmaniasis	203
12.	Relapsing Fever	228
13.	Yellow Fever	250
14.	Blackwater Fever	275
15.	Dengue	293
16.	Phlebotomus Fever	304
17.	Spotted Fever of the Rocky Mountains	310
18.	Japanese River Fever (Shima Mushi)	315
19.	Rat-Bite Disease	319
20.	Plague	320
21.	Undulant Fever	362
22.	Typhoid Fever in the Tropics, and Typho-Malarial Fever	376
23.	Imperfectly Differentiated Fevers of the Tropics	384
24.	Heat-Stroke	392
Section II.—General Diseases of Undetermined Nature
25.	Beriberi (Kakke, Barbiers)	407
26.	Epidemic Dropsy	433
27.	Pellagra	437
Section III.—Abdominal Diseases
28.	Cholera	456
29.	Dysentery	490
30.	Epidemic Gangrenous Rectitis	544
31.	Hill Diarrhœa	546
32.	Sprue (Psilosis)	549
33.	Tropical Liver	568
34.	Abscess of the Liver	573
35.	Infantile Biliary Cirrhosis	609
Section IV.—Infective Granulomatous Diseases
36.	Leprosy (Elephantiasis Græcorum)	611
37.	Yaws (Frambœsia)	652
38.	Verruga Peruana	669
39.	Ulcerating Granuloma of the Pudenda	673
Section V.—Animal Parasites and Associated Diseases
40.	Parasites of the Circulatory and Lymphatic Systems	679
41.	Parasites of the Circulatory and Lymphatic Systems (concluded)	742
42.	Parasites of the Connective Tissue	766
43.	Parasites of the Lungs	794
44.	Parasites of the Liver	800
45.	Intestinal Parasites	808
Section VI.—Skin Diseases
46.	Non-Specific, Bacterial, and Fungous Skin Diseases, etc.	861
Section VII.—Ackee Poisoning
47.	The Vomiting Sickness of Jamaica	909
Section VIII.—Local Diseases of Uncertain Nature
48.	Craw-Craw—Chappa—Climatic Bubo—Goundou—Juxta-Articular Nodules—Ainhum—Big Heel—Onyalai	911
Appendix
Some of the Commoner Parasitic Protozoa of Vertebrates and Invertebrates		924
INDEX		951

 

LIST OF PLATES

Pellagra: An English Case (Colour)	Frontispiece
facing page
Plate 1 (Colour)		58
Malaria Parasites.
Plate 2 (Colour)		64
Malaria Parasites.
Plate 3 (Colour)		192
Lamus megistus.
Plate 4 (Colour)		198
Tse-tse Flies.
Plate 5 (Colour)		208
Parasites of Kala-azar and Oriental Sore.
Plate 6 (Colour)		246
Ticks (Females).
Plate 7 (Colour)		274
Stegomyia calopus (fasciata).
Plate 8		510
Microscopical Section of the Large Intestine in Bacillary Dysentery.
Plate 9 (Colour)		552
Sprue Tongue, Acute and Chronic Stages.
Plate 10 (Colour)		680
Microfilariæ of the Blood.
Plate 11 (Colour)		684
Distinguishing Features Between mf. bancrofti and mf. loa in Stained Specimens.
Plate 12 (Colour)		690
Stegomyia pseudoscutellaris.
Plate 13		744
Terminal-Spined Egg of Schistosomum hæmatobium. Lateral-Spined Egg of Schistosomum Mansoni.
Plate 14		758
Schistosomum japonicum in Vessels of Mesentery. Eggs of Schistosomum japonicum embedded in Walls of Appendix Vermiformis.
Plate 15		888
Tinea Imbricata.