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Welles declaration

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Welles declaration (1940)
by Sumner Welles

The declaration was issued on July 23, 1940, by Sumner Welles, then under-Secretary of the US State Department. It established the policy of the U.S. non-recognition of the annexation of the Baltic States by the Soviet Union during World War II. Source:US National Archives (foto copy from Hiden, John; Vahur Made, David J. Smith (2008) as reprinted in The Baltic question during the Cold War. Routledge. pp. 209 [1]) and the website of the US Embassy in Estonia, where it is described as a US Department of State bulletin [2]

456875Welles declaration1940Sumner Welles

During these past few days the devious process whereunder the political independence and territorial integrity of the three small Baltic Republics – Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania – were to be deliberately annihilated by one of their more powerful neighbors, have been rapidly drawing to their conclusion.

From the day when the peoples of these Republics first gained their independent and democratic form of government the people of the United States have watched their admirable progress in self-government with deep and sympathetic interest.

The policy of this Government is universally known. The people of the United States are opposed to predatory activities no matter whether they are carried on by the use of force or by the threat of force. They are likewise opposed to any form of intervention on the part of one State, however powerful, in the domestic concerns of any other sovereign state, however weak.

These principles constitute the very foundations upon which the existing relationship between the 21 sovereign republics of the New World rests.

The United States will continue to stand by these principles, be of the conviction of the American people that unless the doctrine in which these principles are inherent once again governs the relations between nations, the rule of reason, of justice and of law – in other words, the basis of modern civilization itself – cannot be preserved.