Archaeological Journal/Volume 2/Report of the Proceedings at the Annual Meeting
GENERAL REPORT OF THE PROCEEDINGS AT THE
ANNUAL MEETING
OF
The Archaeological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland,
HELD AT WINCHESTER,, COMMENCING TUESDAY, SEPT. 9, 1845.
GENERAL COMMITTEE.
President,
The Most Noble The Marquis of Northampton, President of the Royal Society.
Vice-Presidents.
The Right Hon. Lord Ashburton, D.C.L.
The Very Rev. Thomas Garnier, D.C.L. , Dean of Winchester.
Sir William Heathcote, Bart., M.P.
The Right Hon. Viscount Palmerston, M.P.
Sir Richard G. Simeon, Bart., High Sheritf of the County of Hants.
The Right Hon. the Speaker of the House of Commons.
W. Sloane Stanley, Esq.
The Very Rev. Samuel Wilberforce, D.D., Dean of Westminster.
Secretaries.
The Rev. George Moberly, D.C.L., Head Master of Winchester College.
The Rev. W. H. Gunner, M.A., Tutor and Chaplain of Winchester College.
Charles Newton, Esq., M.A., Department of Antiquities, British Museum.
Albert Way, Esq., M.A., Director of the Society of Antiquaries.
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The Presidents and Vice-Presidents of the Sectional Committees. Thomas Dyke Acland, Esq., M.A. The Rev. Bulkeley Bandinel, D.D., F.S.A., Bodley's Librarian, Oxford. Charles Frederick Barnwell, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., F.S.A. The Rev. R. S. Barter, B.C.L., Warden of Winchester College. The Rev. Philip Bliss, D.C.L., F.S.A., Registrar of the University of Oxford. Edward Blore, Esq., D.C.L., F.R.S., F.S.A. The Rev. William Buckland, D.D., F.R.S., Canon of Christ Church. William Burge, Esq., Q.C., F.R.S., P.S.A., Recorder of Winchester. Thomas Chamberlayne, Esq., Cranbury Park. The Ven. William Dealtry, D.D., Archdeacon of Surrey. Francis H. Dickinson, Esq., M.P. John Fleming, Esq., Stoneham Park. Edward Hawkins, Esq., F.R.S., F.S.A. Sir Philip de Malpas Grey Egerton, Bart., M.P., F.R.S. Alexander Beresford Hope, Esq., M.P. Rev. James Ingram, D.D., President of Trinity College, Oxford. The Rev. Philip Jacob, M.A., Chaplain to the Bishop, Canon of Winchester. The Rev. Edward James, M.A., Chaplain to the Bishop, Canon of Winchester.
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The Very Rev. C. S. Luxmoore, M.A., Dean of St. Asaph. Sir Frederick Madden, K.H., F.R.S., F.S.A. Rev. Samuel Roffey Maitland, F.R.S., F.S.A., Treasurer of the Association. Charles Manby, Esq., Secretary of the Institution of Civil Engineers. James Heywood Markland, Esq., F R.S., F.S.A. Joseph Martineau, Esq., Basing Park. The Worshipful Charles Mayo, Esq., Mayor of Winchester. The Hon. and Rev. Gerard T. Noel, M.A., Canon of Winchester, Vicar of Romsey. George Ormerod, Esq., D.C.L., F.R.9., F.S.A. The Rev. Frederick Charles Plumptre, D.D., Master of University College. J. W. Scott, Esq., Rotherfield Park. Evelyn Philip Shirley, Esq., M.P. The Rev. J. H. Spry, D.D., Prebend. of Canterbury. The Lord Stavordale. The Rev. J. H. Todd, D.D., V.P.R.I.A., Secretary of the Irish Archæological Society. W. B. D. D. Turnbull, Esq., Secretary of the Society of Antiq. of Scotland. Patrick Fraser Tytler, Esq., F.S.A.E. Edward Vernon Utterson, Esq., F.S.A., Ryde. The Rev. David Williams, D.C.L., Warden of New College, Oxford. The Rev. Robert Willis, M.A., F.R.S., Jacksonian Professor, Cambridge. William Crawley Yonge, Esq., Otterborne.
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SECTIONAL COMMITTEES.—HISTORY.
President.
Henry Hallam, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., President of the Royal Society of Literature; Professor of Ancient History, Royal Academy; Vice-President of the Society of Antiquaries.
Vice-Presidents.
Sir John P. Boileau, Bart., F.R.S., M.R.I., V. P. Zool. Soc.
The Very Rev. G. Butler, D.D., F.R.S., F.S.A., Dean of Peterborough.
The Ven. William Dealtry, D.D., F.R.S., Archdeacon of Surrey.
Sir Charles Lemon, Bart., M.P., F.R.S.
Sir Francis Palgrave, K.H., F.R.S.
The Very Rev. Samuel Wilberforce, D.D., Dean of Westminster.
Secretaries.
The Rev. Philip Bliss, D.C.L., F.S.A., Registrar of the University of Oxford.
George Bowyer, Esq., D.C.L., F.S.A., Barrister at Law.
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The Rev. Bulkeley Bandinel, D.D., F.S.A., Bodley's Librarian. The Rev. R. S. Barter, B.C.L., Warden of Winchester College. John Bruce, Esq., F.S.A. W. H. Blaauw, Esq., M.A., Beechland, Uckfield. William Burge, Esq., Q.C, F.R.S., F.S.A., Recorder of Winchester. The Ven. Charles Parr Burney, D.D., F.R.S., F.S.A., Archdeacon of St. Alban's. The Rev. Henry O. Coxe, B.D., Under-Librarian of the Bodleian Library. Peter Cunningham, Esq. Edward Foss, Esq., F.S.A., Canterbury. William Sidney Gibson, Esq., F.S.A. Edwin Guest, F.R S., Secretary to the Philological Society. Thomas Duffus Hardy, Esq., one of the Assistant Keepers of the Records. John Holmes, Esq., F.S.A., Department of MSS,, British Museum. John Winter Jones, Esq., Department of Printed Books, British Museum. John Mitchell Kemble, Esq., M.A., Secretary to the Historical Society.
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The Rev. Samuel Roffey Maitland, M.A., F.R.S., F.S.A., Librarian to the Archbishop of Canterbury, and Keeper of the MSS. at Lambeth. The Rev. John Mitford, M.A., Rector of Weston, Stratford, Essex. The Rev. George Moberly, D.C.L., Head Master of Winchester College. The Count Mortara, D.C.L., Member of the Royal Herculanensian Society of Naples; Chamberlain to H. R. H. the Duke of Lucca. Thomas Stapleton, Esq., F.S.A. The Rev. John James Smith, M.A., Fellow and Tutor of Caius College, Cambridge. William J. Thoms, Esq., F.R.S., Secretary of the Camden and Ælfric Societies. The Rev. J. H. Todd, D.D., V.P.R.I.A., Secretary of the Irish Archæological Society. T. Hudson Turner, Esq. Patrick Fraser Tytler, Esq., F.S.A.E. Edward Vernon Utterson, Esq., F.S.A. The Rev. David Williams, D.C.L., Warden of New College, Oxford, Canon of Winchester. The Rev. John Wilson, B.D., F.S.A., Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford.
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ARCHITECTURE.
President.
Vice-Presidents.
The Very Rev. George Chandler, D.D., Dean of Chichester.
Sir Stephen R. Glynne, Bart., M.P., F.S.A., Lord Lieutenant of Flintshire.
The Very Rev. Thomas Hill Lowe, D.D., Dean of Exeter.
The Very Rev. George Peacock, D.D., V.P.R.S., Dean of Ely; Lowndean Professor of Astronomy in the University of Cambridge.
The Rev. Robert Willis, M.A., F.R.S., Jacksonian Professor of Natural Philosophy in the University of Cambridge.
Secretaries.
Owen B. Carter, Esq., Winchester.
John Henry Parker, Essq., late Secr. of the Oxford Soc. for promoting the study of Gothic Architecture.
The Rev. J. Louis Petit, M.A., one of the Secretaries of the Lichfield Diocesan Architectural Society.
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Arthur H. Dyke Acland, Esq., Dorchester. The Rev. Henry Addington, Castle Ashby. The Rev. B. Belcher, West Tisted, Alresford. Beckford Bevan, Esq. The Rev. Charles W. Bingham, M.A., Vicar of Sydling, Dorset. Edward Blore, Esq., D.C.L., F.R S., F.S.A. John Buckler, Esq., F.S.A. Charles R. Cockerell, Esq., Professor of Architecture, Royal Academy. Benjamin Ferrey, Esq., F. of the R. Inst. Brit. Archit.; Hon. Member of the Oxford Architectural Society. George Forder, Esq., Architect to the Dean and Chapter of Winchester.
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Edward A. Freeman, Esq., Seer, of the Oxford Architectural Society. The Rev. Richard L. Freer, B.D., Rector of Bishopstone, Hereford. Richard Green, Esq., Secretary of the Lichfield Diocesan Architectural Society. The Rev. William Grey, Allington, Wiltshire. The Rev. W. H. Gunner, M.A., Tutor and Chaplain of Winchester College. Philip Hardwick. Esq., R.A., F.R.S., F.S.A. The Rev. William Haslam, Truro. The Rev. E. Hill, Student of Christ Church. Alexander Beresford Hope, Esq., M.P.
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Richard C. Hussey, Esq., F.R. Inst. Brit. Archit. Rev. James Ingram, D.D., President of Trinity College, Oxford. The Rev. E. James, M.A., Canon of Winchester. James Heywood Markland, Esq., F.R.S., F.S.A. John Murray, Esq. James Laird Patterson, Esq., S.C.L., Treas. of the Oxford Architectural Society. The Rev. Frederick C. Plumptre, D.D., Master of University College. Ambrose Poynter, Esq., Honorary Secretary of the Royal Inst. Brit. Architects; Member of Council of the Government School of Design. Charles J. Richardson, Esq., F.S.A., F.R. Inst. Brit. Architects. The Rev. Henry Rose, M.A., Rector of Brington, Northamptonshire.
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A. Salvin, Esq., F.S.A., F.R. Inst, of Brit. Archit. E. Sharpe, Esq., M.A., Member of Leipsic and Thuringian Antiquarian Society. Edward Smirke, Esq., Barrister at Law, Sol. Gen. to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales. The Rev. William Staunton, M.A., Chairman of the Architectural Committee of the Warwickshire Natural-History and Archæological Society. The Rev. D. J. Stewart, the College, Ely. Rev. Charles Walters, M.A., Rector of Weeke, Winchester. Roland Eyles Egerton Warburton, Esq., Arley, Cheshire. The Rev. James Lee Warner, Rural Dean, Perp. Curate of Walsingham, Norfolk. The Rev. T. W. Weare, M.A., Second Master of Westminster School.
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EARLY AND MEDIEVAL ANTIQUITIES.
President.
Vive-President.
The Ven. Charles Parr Burney, D.D., F.R.S., F.S.A., Archdeacon of Colchester.
The Hon. Robert Curzon, Jun.
The Very Rev. John Merewether, D.D., F.R.S., F.S.A. , Dean of Hereford.
Evelyn Philip Shirley, Esq., M.P.
Sir Richard Westmacott, F.S.A., Professor of Sculpture, Royal Academy.
Secretaries.
Edward Hawkins, Esq., F.R.S., F.S.A., Keeper of the Antiquities, British Museum.
The Rev. Edward James, M.A., Canon of Winchester.
The Rev. Edward J. Shepherd, Rector of Luddesdown, Kent.
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Charles Cardale Babington, Esq., M.A., Treas. of the Cambridge Antiq. Soc., Secretary of the Cambrige Philos. Society. Charles Frederick Barnwell, Esq.,, M.A., F.R.S., F.S.A., late Assistant Keeper of the Antiquities, British Museum. Charles Villiers Bayly, Esq., Privy Council Office. Samuel Birch, Esq., F.S.A., Assistant Keeper of the Antiquities, British Museum. Matthew Holbeche Bloxam, Esq., Rugby. Rev. George Bowers, F.S.A., Rector of St. Paul's, Covent Garden. The Rev. William Buckland, D.D., F.R.S. William Bromet, Esq., M.D., F.S.A., Corresponding Member of the "Société Frauçaise pour la Conservation des Monuments Historiques."' William Burge, Esq., Q.C., F.R.S., F.S.A., Recorder of Winchester. The Rev. John Bathurst Deane, M.A., F.S.A. Francis H. Dickinson, Esq., M.P. Charles Wentworth Dilke, Esq., B.C.L. The Rev. William Dyke, Vice-Principal of Jesus College, Oxford.
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George Grant Francis, Esq., F.S.A., Hon. Librarian Royal Inst. S. Wales. Sir Alexander Duff Gordon, Bart. Edward Hailstone, Esq., F.S.A. The Rev. Charles Henry Hartshorne, M.A., F.S.A. Rev. Philip Jacob, M.A., Canon of Winchester. T. W. King, Esq. F.S.A., Rouge Dragon Pursuivant. Sir Frederick Madden, K.H., F.R.S., F.S.A., Keeper of the MSS., British Museum. Rev. R. F. Meredith, Halstock, Dorset. The Rev. George Munn, Cradley, Herefordshire. Charles Newton, Esq., M.A., Student of Christ Church; Department of Antiq., Brit. Museum. John Gough Nichols, Esq., F.S.A. George Ormerod, Esq., D.C.L., K.R.S., F.S.A. Rev. Daniel Rock, D.D. Henry Shaw, Esq., F.S.A. W. B. D. D. Turnbull, Esq., Advocate, Secretary of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. William Sandys W. Vaux, Esq., M.A., Department of Antiquities, British Museum. The Rev. John Ward, M.A., Vicar of Great Bedwyn, Wiltshire.
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LOCAL COMMITTEE.
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The Worshipful Charles Mayo, Esq., Mayor of Winchester, Chairman. Charles Bailey, Esq., Town Clerk of Winchester. W. W. Bulpett, Esq. Andrew Crawford, Esq., M.D. George Forder, Esq., Town Councillor. Richard Chris. Gale, Esq. Rev. W. H. Gunner, M.A., Tutor and Chaplain of Winchester College.
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H. G. Lyford, Esq. Charles Seagrim, Esq., Under Sheriff of Hampshire. J. D. Walford, Esq., M.A., Tutor of Winch. Coll. Charles Wooldridge, Esq., Deputy Registrar of the Diocese.
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Tuesday, Sept. 9.
The General Meeting was held at 12 o'clock at St. John's Room, the County Hall not being found large enough to contain the numbers attending the proceedings. The lower parts of the walls of this large room were covered with some excellent rubbings of interesting brasses, principally by the Rev. E. Hill, Student of Christ Church, Oxford, and the Rev. H. Addington. There were also casts from the curious fonts in Winchester cathedral, and the church at East Meon; the figures on the latter giving a very rude representation of the Creation and Fall of Man. The President, attended by the members of the several Committees, having entered the room, ascended the platform, and the business of the meeting commenced.
The Marquis of Northampton, having taken the chair, addressed the meeting. He said it was his pleasing duty to open the proceedings of this meeting, which from what he saw in that room would prove as gratifying as its most earnest promoters could wish. He should not enter into a discussion on the nature and value of the study of archæology, for that subject would be much more ably handled by the reverend gentleman who would follow him, the Dean of Westminster. He might be allowed, however, to repeat what had been said by others before him, that archæology was the handmaid of history—without her, history would be a mere skeleton; but archæology served to re-animate the dry bones of facts, and to give a colouring where all was lifeless before. Without dwelling further on that subject, he would now notice one or two charges that had been made against the Association. A statement had gone abroad that this was a political meeting, but the notion was in itself so perfectly ridiculous that he did not feel in the slightest manner called upon to deny it. It had been said it was a polemical meeting. For this also there was no foundation. It was true that it was very numerously attended by the clergy, of whom he was proud to see so many around him; and that ecclesiastical monuments must naturally be interesting to them could not be doubted. They had only to look at the work of William of Wykeham, and at the beautiful church of St. Cross so near to them, when it would be evident that not only professional, but architectural and archæological motives had brought them together, and not polemics. If any differences of opinion had arisen among the members of the Established Church, those present were not met to enter into any discussion upon them, but to call on all to join in maintaining those sacred edifices which had been raised, it was impossible to doubt, by a sincere piety, although accompanied with the superstition of a dark age, and which proved the great excellence of architecture exalted at a time when other arts were in comparative debasement. The society might, if they pleased, discuss the wars of the Roses, but with the wars of the 19th century they had nothing whatever to do; and if they at all entered into the religious differences of the past, still they could not into those of the present. With minor complaints he would not trouble them It was not for them then to consider any differences that might have arisen among archæologists; he deprecated their discussion, although he could not but regret them. Their meeting was indeed a large one, and so numerous and powerful a body could stand by themselves, holding out the hand of friendship to all lovers of archæology who would join them.
The Dean of Westminster then delivered an address on the nature and value of the study of archæology, which will appear in the forthcoming volume of the Proceedings of this Meeting.
The Dean of Winchester said that he would not have presumed to address the meeting at that early period, surrounded as he was by so many possessed of greater talents, had he not been called upon to do so by the very kind manner in which the noble Marquis had spoken of the exertions of the clergy. Among the many duties of the Christian Pastor, there was none more important than that of using his utmost exertions to promote social intercourse between all ranks and degrees of men. Feeling strongly the advantage and necessity of such an institution as the Archæological Association, what could they, as clergymen, do less than open their gates and their hearts to receive such an assemblage as that with which he had now the honour to be associated? This was a proud day for the ancient city of Winchester, to receive within its walls so honourable and respectable a body, eminent not only for their rank and talent, but above all for their moral worth. A deep debt of gratitude was due to those gentlemen who had left their comfortable homes and travelled a long distance, to impart from their stores of knowledge, information calculated to enlighten others less instructed than themselves. In addition to the advantages which the city would derive by the presence of such a numerous assemblage, he might observe that, while by means of such meetings as these, a greater attachment to hereditary rank and institutions was created—a wider field was at the same time thrown open for the exertion of talent, whereby men of humble grade were raised up to social importance. It was gratifying to see the names of so many young men enlisting themselves under the banners of the society determined to find employment in their hours of recreation. With respect to the excellent and eloquent lecture which they had just heard from the lips of the Very Rev. the Dean of Westminster, he would say, it was so good in composition, and so strong in argument, that seldom was a discourse of so much importance offered to the public. To that gentleman he returned his thanks for the great exertion of his very superior talents, and he was sure all would heartily concur in the proposition. He trusted the Association would long continue to flourish under the direction of the noble Marquis—that it would remain established on so firm a basis as to be beyond the reach of malice or misrepresentation.
The Rev. Dr. Whewell (Master of Trinity College Cambridge) rose and seconded the motion; he expressed his diffidence in appearing before them so prominently, when so many better qualified than himself were present in the room. But he did rejoice to say how much he was filled with delight, at the noble sentiments, the noble language, the power worthy of the greatest poets, with which the Dean of Westminster had given utter- ance to their feelings. They did love Antiquity, and that and every other of the noble thoughts, they had just heard so eloquently expressed, must now live and abide with them. Perhaps he might be allowed to say that he was no unfit representative of the amateurs in Architecture; he was a student of it of considerable standing: when a schoolboy, he had imbibed it with his very grammar, and the little work of Rickman which he then happened to possess, was always in his pocket. It became the Grammar and Dictionary of a new language to him. To that time, now above twenty years ago, he had often looked back with pleasure, and many others present perhaps could ascribe their present knowledge to the same source. The study of Architecture was not a mere amusement, but a most profound and valuable mental culture. To those who have pursued this study, buildings presented a meaning and a purpose which, though others might feel, they could not understand. He would not detain them further, but by expressing again the extreme gratification he felt in seconding the vote of thanks to the Dean of Westminster, for the pious and dignified address in which he had explained the purposes for which they ought to be, and he had no doubt were, met together.
The President, in putting the vote, could not but express the pleasure he felt in seeing those who had done for Germany and Italy what Rickman had done for England, present to take, part in their proceedings. He alluded to Dr. Whewell and Professor Willis.
The vote was then put and carried.
Lord Ashburton proposed a vote of thanks to the noble President, in which he was sure he would be joined most cordially by the whole county of Hants. The noble Marquis had hastened, while on his travels abroad, at considerable personal inconvenience, to meet them, and to add the weight of his dignity, as President of the Royal Society, to the proceedings of the present Meeting.
The Rev. the Warden of New College, Oxford, said he felt it a great privilege and high honour, to be allowed to express his thanks and those of the Meeting to the noble Marquis, for the ability with which he had officiated as Chairman that day. As he had the honour to hold the office of Warden in the elder of William of Wykeham's Colleges, he might be allowed to express his great satisfaction in seeing so large a body of persons interesting themselves in the study for which that great man was so eminently distinguished. He felt it alike a pleasure and a duty to be present, and should listen with every attention to the remarks of the Archæologist on scenes so familiar to him, and although he could not contribute any information on that particular subject in which William of Wykeham so much excelled, he should look hereafter with more intelligent eyes on his buildings, and owe a large debt of gratitude to those whose researches should enable him to discover some new proof of the genius of their noble founder.
The Rev. the Master of University College, Oxford, after apologizing for intruding on the Meeting, said that having once held the office of President of the Oxford Society for promoting the Study of Gothic Architecture, and still holding that of one of its Vice-Presidents, he might be allowed to express the great satisfaction that all the Members of that Society would feel in the assistance rendered at the present Meeting towards the full developement of the principles of Architecture. It was highly gratifying to him to see the vast improvement that had taken place during the last few years in the style of Ecclesiastical Architecture: not that professional knowledge of the science was previously wanting, but rather taste to appreciate the talents of those who were fully competent to raise good buildings. It was gratifying to him to think that, to the small Society commenced in the University of Oxford—from which so many others had sprung, and of which the present Meeting might be considered as the full developement—was owing, to a great extent, the general improvement that had taken place. However great he might feel the desire to enter fully upon Architecture, he felt he could not do justice to the subject; he must however observe that buildings should not be studied for the purpose of making mere servile imitations, but that their structure should be modified for purposes more in unity with present times. There was a higher object than the mere study of ancient buildings for the sake of admirable principles evinced in the harmony of their proportions, there should be respect had for sacred things, and a higher appreciation of those great truths which the art was calculated to support. In the research after Ecclesiastical Antiquities, they must not only revere sacred things and sacred places, but endeavour to promote a noble rivalry with a bygone age, in favour of a purer faith, and shew their gratitude to Him, from whom they received all wherewith they were enabled to promote His glory. The recent revival of Gothic Architecture in this country had been without parallel, and he rejoiced to see the noble efforts made by individuals in erecting buildings at their own expense—not with a niggardly feeling, by giving merely that which they could spare out of their own superfluity, but by contributing with a liberal hand, in order to make the house of God worthy of the holy object for which it was designed.
Lord Ashburton then moved a vote of thanks to the Marquis of Northampton, for his kind attention in presiding over the meeting. This was carried unanimously.
The Marquis of Northampton expressed his acknowledgments for the kind feelings displayed towards him by the Meeting, and to the noble lord for the manner in which he had introduced his name. It was true that he had come from a distant part of Europe on purpose to be present on this occasion, but, though he had somewhat shortened his stay on the continent, yet he did not feel that he had made any great sacrifice of pleasure. Whatever churches he might have seen in Germany, he could assert that none was more worthy his attention than the noble cathedral at Winchester; and it was worth while to come from any part of Europe to hear the noble address from the Dean of Westminster. A great deal had been said about architecture; but let it not be supposed that their pursuits were confined to architecture alone, or that any thing interesting to the Archæologist was foreign to their purpose. Antiquities of every kind were to be their study. The noble lord, after noticing the auspicious commencement of the meeting, announced the different arrangements for the day, and the company separated.
In the afternoon, visits were made by very numerous parties of the members to the church of St. Cross, situated about one mile from Winchester, and its architectural features were examined under the superintendence of the Rev. Dr. Whewell, E. Blore, J. Colson, and J. H. Parker, Esqrs.
In the evening a General Meeting was held at the St. John's Room, President, the Marquis of Northampton, when the Rev. John Bathurst Deane read a Paper on the early usages of Druidical worship, which he illustrated by some very interesting views, plans, and models of primeval monuments and hypæthral temples; several of these models were sent for exhibition from the Institute of Bath, by the kind favour of J. H. Markland, Esq.
The Rev. J. L. Petit, Secretary of the Lichfield Architectural Society, read a Paper on Romsey Abbey Church, illustrated by drawings.
Edward A. Freeman, Esq., Secretary of the Oxford Architectural Society, also read a Paper on the Architectural peculiarities of St. Cross, illustrated by his own pen and ink sketches, and by drawings by Mr. P. H. De la Motte. [As the Papers will be published at length in the forthcoming volume of the Proceedings of this meeting, their titles alone are here given.]
Wednesday, September 10.
In the morning a meeting of the Architectural Section took place in the ' St. John's Room, President, the Marquis of Northampton, when the Rev. Professor Willis delivered a lecture on the History and Architecture of Winchester Cathedral, illustrated by diagrams and drawings.
After which Professor Cockerell, R.A., read a Paper on the Architectural genius of William of Wykeham, as displayed in his works generally, and particularly in the plans of Winchester College, and New College, Oxford, illustrated by ground plans and sections.
Early in the afternoon the President and several of the members visited the College, accompanied by Professor Cockerell, who pointed out the beauties and peculiarities of William of Wykham's style of architecture on the spot; a less numerous party also visited Wolvesey Castle. At four o'clock Professor Willis accompanied a very large party over the Cathedral, and illustrated his lecture by directing attention to various parts of the building, proving his deductions, and shewing the method of his researches in a manner most gratifying to those who had the pleasure of accompanying him.
In the evening the Dean entertained all the members and visitors attending the Meeting, at the Deanery, with his wonted kindness and hospitality. By his permission a Museum of antiquities and works of art was formed in the gallery in the Deanery, and was thrown open to his visitors on this occasion. Of the precious and interesting objects exhibited by the kind liberality of their owners, no account is here given, as a second edition of the catalogue of the museum, with many additions and corrections, will be published in the forthcoming volume of Prceedings.
Thursday, September 11.
In the morning a meeting of the Historical Section took place in the Nisi Prius Court, County Hall, President, H. Hallam, Esq., who delivered a brief address, pointing out the province of the section, and distinguishing it from the other two sections of the Association. Mr. Hallam further observed that there were some defects which belonged to the English historical school, but that its distinctive character was remarkable accuracy, arising from the patient and business-like habits of the people, and producing a more just appreciation of evidence than is usual among our continental neighbours. He hoped that in the progress of the Association a more enlarged view would be taken of the objects of this study.
The following Papers were then read:—
On the ancient Palace at Winchester, and Arthur's Round Table, by E. Smirke, Esq., shewing that the present County Hall in which this Section was then holding its Meeting was the Hall of that Palace.
On Anglo-Saxon names, surnames and nicknames, by J. M. Kemble, Esq.
After which T. Hudson Turner, Esq. gave a short account of the ancient Fair of St. Giles in the city of Winchester.
The Section of Early and Mediæval Antiquities met in the Crown Court in the County Hall, President, W. R. Hamilton, Esq., when the Dean of Hereford gave an account of some Roman remains recently discovered at Kenchester, or Magna Castra, near Hereford.
E. P. Shirley, Esq., M. P., gave a description of some Irish Antiquities discovered in a Crannoge, or wooden house, on an artificial island in a lake in the county of Monaghan, which were exhibited at the meeting.
Albert Way, Esq., read a letter from Sir S. R. Meyrick explanatory of a curious missile weapon laid before the meeting.
The following Papers were then read:—
On some Ancient British, Romano-British, and Roman Sepulchral Remains, discovered in the neighbourhood of Rugby in Warwickshire, by M. H. Bloxam, Esq.
On some Encaustic Pavements in Churches in Devonshire, by the Lord Alwyn Compton.
On a Decorative Pavement of Encaustic Tiles formerly existing in Jervaulx Abbey, York, by the Rev. John Ward.
The President and a large party, on quitting the County Hall, inspected the sallyport and subterranean works which had been opened expressly for the occasion, and lighted up by the kindness of Mr. Brown, the proprietor, consisting of a portion of the passage of descent from the keep, or chief portion of the stronghold above, which gave access to a sort of vestibule or small chamber, whence proceeded passages of descent to the exterior moat, and to the interior moat towards the city: by this last the party entered on this occasion. The arrangements for strong doors, bars, &c. appear in the vestibule closing off these passages; the masonry is very excellent; the vaulting constructed with a slightly pointed arch: the whole is in the style of the early part of the thirteenth century. There is a tradition of a passage hence to the Cathedral.
In the middle of the day an excursion to Romsey Abbey Church took place, when several Members, desirous of shewing the interest which they felt in the progress of the restoration of this noble fabric, offered towards the work the following Contributions.
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In the evening a public dinner took place at the St. John's Room, at which the Marquis of Northampton presided, nearly 200 being present.
Friday, Sept. 12.
On this morning a large body of the members visited Porchester castle, every facility for the examination of which was afforded by the kind favour of the proprietor, Thomas Thistlethwayte, Esq., of Southwick Park. During the inspection of the outer walls of the castle Mr. Hartshorne pointed out the portions which he supposed to belong to the original Roman work, explaining the mode of structure, and making many interesting remarks.
Another party visited Southampton and Netley, and the celebrated remains of Beaulieu abbey in the New Forest, and returned by the new Gothic church at Marchwood. At Southampton, Mr. Parker called their attention to the church of St. Michael, with its Norman tower-arches, and the rich font of the latter part of the twelfth century; and at Holyrood Church, to the nave-arches of the fourteenth century, and chancel of the fifteenth, with some good stalls; the ancient hospital called "God's House," a curious example of an alms-house of the early part of the thirteenth century: the town walls, with other arches of several different forms, and some remains of other buildings of the twelfth century. At Beaulieu, Mr. J. G. Nichols explained the peculiarities of the very remarkable tiles; and the beautiful pulpit of the thirteenth century was much admired.
During the day a magnificent series of drawings of antiquities found in Ireland, was exhibited, by the kind permission of the Council of the Royal Irish Academy, in the museum at the Deanery.
In the evening a meeting took place in the St. John's Room, President, the Marquis of Northampton, when a very full account of the structure and history of Porchester castle was read by the Rev. Charles H. Hartshorne, illustrated by numerous drawings on a large scale, exhibiting sections of the walls of this and similar buildings.
E. Sharpe, Esq., then read an essay on the pointed arch, illustrated by drawings and by models of vaulting and groining. In the course of his paper, Mr. Sharpe explained some structural peculiarities of the church of St. Cross, and after it was concluded the President adverted to the church of St. Andrea at Vercelli, in the north of Italy, recently visited by him, and which might be considered as an example of the anomalous class of structures on which great light had been thrown by Mr. Sharpe's essay.
Saturday, Sept. 13.
In the morning a meeting of the Historical Section was held in the Nisi Prius Court, at the County Hall. Sir J. Boileau presided, and regretted the absence of Mr. C. Bailey, the Town-clerk, who had promised to read an interesting paper on the domestic regulations of the city of Winchester.
The following papers were then read:—
An inedited account of the marriage of the duke of Burgundy, with the princess Margaret, sister of king Edward the Fourth, by Sir Thomas Phillipps, Bart.
On the ancient Mint and Exchange, at Winchester, by Edward Hawkins, Esq.
Mr. Weddell of Berwick on Tweed, made a few remarks on the importance of the Pipe Rolls in all investigations connected with the ancient Mints.
One of the Honorary Secretaries then read a paper by Sir Frederick Madden, on the Common Seal and privileges of the men of Alverstoke. The roll, and a wax impression of the seal referred to in this paper, were at the same time exhibited.
A Meeting of the section of Early and Mediæval Antiquities, was held in the Crown Court, at the County Hall, President, W. R. Hamilton, Esq., when the following papers were read:—
1. On the Seals of the Earls of Winchester. 2. On the Seals of Winchester city, and on the Seals for the Recognizances of Debtors, temp. Edward II. 3. On the Seals for cloths used by the King's aulnager, by John Gough Nichols, Esq.
E. Hailstone, Esq., then read a paper by the Rev. John Gunn, on Roman remains discovered in Icenia: at Burgh, near Aylsham; and at Caister, near Yarmouth, Norfolk; and a paper by George Du Noyer, Esq., on the classification of bronze celts and arrow-heads.
The President then read an abstract of a paper by Sir F. Madden, on the monument of Sir R. Lyster, in the church of St. Michael's, Southampton, which has been wrongly called the monument of the Lord Chancellor Wriothesley, earl of Southampton; and communicated a letter from the Rev. Dr. Ingram, the President of Trinity College, Oxford, on Roman roads in Hampshire, and another from William Roots, M.D., giving an account of Roman antiquities found in the Thames, near the town of Kingston.
Mr. Herbert Williams exhibited a small brooch of gold, in the form of the letter A, inscribed on one side; at the back are four small precious stones, two rubies, and two turquoises, and the letters agla. This relic was ploughed up in Wiltshire.
In the middle of the day a Meeting of the Architectural Section took place in the Nisi Prius Court, at the County Hall, J. H. Markland, Esq., in the chair; the following papers were read:—
A communication from the Mayor of Winchester respecting the proposed restoration of the King's Gate and church of St. Swithin.
A. J. Beresford Hope, Esq., M.P. Some account of the Priory Church at Christchurch, Hants.
Rev. George Atkinson. On Stow Church, Lincolnshire, read by Mr. Turner.
B. Ferrey, Esq. Remarks on the Churches of St. Cross, Crondal, and Christ-church, read by the Rev. J. L. Petit, illustrated by numerous drawings.
O. B. Carter, Esq. On East Meon Church, Hants, illustrated by some very fine drawings.
John Billing, Esq. An account of the Friary Church, at Reading, Berks, now the Town Bridewell; also illustrated by some interesting drawings.
Sir John Awdry. On the superior purity of the English Gothic style.
The Rev. William Gunner. On Southwick Priory.
Mr. Parker made a few observations on the Norman house at Christchurch, which is perhaps the most perfect house of the twelfth century remaining in England, the walls being entire, though much concealed by ivy.
Mr. Gunner made some remarks on the remains of Roman dwellings discovered in Winchester.
In the evening, a Meeting took place at the St. John's Room, President, the Marquis of Northampton, when the following papers were read:—
The Rev. Professor Whewell. On the Distinctions of Styles in Architecture in general, and their names, read by Mr. W. R. Hamilton.
Charles Winston, Esq. On the Painted Glass in the Cathedral at Winchester, read by the Rev. J. L. Petit.
W. S. Vaux, Esq. Notice of Records in the Corporation Chest at Southampton, read by one of the Honorary Secretaries.
At the close of the proceedings of the evening the President read the following list of Papers offered to the Association at this Meeting, for the reading of which he regretted that there had not been sufficient time.
On the Minor Decorations of the Abbey of St. Alban's, by the Rev. Henry Addington, late Secretary of the Oxford Architectural Society.
On the Torques, Armilla and Fibula, by Samuel Birch, Esq., Assistant Keeper of the Antiquities, British Museum.
Notice of a remarkable chamber in the south of France, fitted with elaborately carved wainscot, a very interesting example of the florid domestic architecture of the sixteenth century, by Sir John Boileau, Bart.
Some account of the Castillion family formerly seated at Benham Valance in Berkshire, by George Bowyer, Esq., D.C.L.
Extracts from the return of the Commissioners of the Hospitals, Colleges, Fraternities, &c., in the counties of Southampton and Berkshire.
Extracts from the Commissioners' return of Colleges, &c., made 2 Edw. VI., so far as relates to the city of Winchester, from the Public Record Office, by Henry Cole, Esq., one of the Assistant Keepers of Records.
Copy of the Deed for building Helmingham Steeple, Suffolk, A.D. 1723, by David E. Davy, Esq.
On ancient modes of Trial by Ordeal, by William Sidney Gibson, Esq.
On the changes of Style observed in the Works of William of Wykeham, by the Rev. William Grey.
Particulars relative to the Parishes of Upham and Durley, extracted from the old Registers and Churchwardens' Accounts, communicated by the Rev. John Haygarth, Rector of Upham.
Account of the Church of Poynings, Sussex, and its decorations, by the Rev. Dr. Samuel Holland, Precentor of Chichester, communicated through the Very Rev. the Dean of Winchester.
Notice of the richly carved roof of Cilcain Church, Flintshire, supposed to have been brought from Basingwerk Abbey, by the Veiy Rev. C. S. Luxmoore, Dean of St. Asaph.
Notes on Hyde Abbey, and some ancient relics there discovered, by Miss Melissa Mackenzie.
On Polychrome Painting, by James Laird Patterson, Esq., Treasurer of the Oxford Architectural Society.
Some account of Antiquities discovered in a Crannoge, or wooden house, on an artificial island in the county of Monaghan, by E. P. Shirley, Esq., M.P.
Notice of some elegantly designed specimens of Decorative pavement tiles, of French fabrication, discovered at Keymer, in Sussex, by the Rev. Edward Tromer, through the Rev. Charles Gaunt.
Notices and Extracts from the Episcopal Registers of Winchester, by T. Hudson Turner, Esq.
Notices of the general History of Winchester, from the Saxon period to the close of the thirteenth century, by T. Hudson Turner, Esq.
Note on the Royal Charters granted to the city of Winchester from the Conquest to the time of Edward I., by T. Hudson Turner, Esq.
Transcript of the inedited MS. History of Winchester Cathedral, written by a monk of Winchester, the original preserved in the Library of All Souls College, Oxford, by the Warden of New College.
Monday, Sept. 15.
At half past 11 o'clock a General Meeting of the Subscribing Members of the Association, took place in the St. John's Room, President, the Marquis of Northampton.
The Treasurer, the Rev. S. R. Maitland, at the request of the President, made a statement of the accounts, from which it appeared that the amount in the hands of Messrs. Cockburns & Co. on the 8th instant, was £369. 6s. 6d.; besides which had been received on account of the Institute up to, and including Sept. 13, 1845, £160. 2s. The amount of expenditure up to the 8th instant was £187. 17s. 3d. One of the Honorary Secretaries then read the following list of extraordinary donations, towards defraying the expenses of the Annual Meeting:—
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Albert Way, Esq., Honorary Secretary, read the following report:—"I have the honour to report to the meeting on the present occasion several circumstances which may justly be regarded as of a very encouraging nature as connected with the future prospects of this society. It must be highly interesting to all persons who desire our welfare and permanent establishment to observe the friendly sympathy and disposition to co-operate in our endeavours shewn at the present time, not only by numerous distinguished individuals, but also by public bodies in various parts of the kingdom instituted for purposes similar to our own. I have to announce amongst the donations received for the library of our society a work of no ordinary interest, presented by his excellency the Chevalier Bunsen, being his recently published Dissertation on the Basilicas of Christian Rome, and their connexion with the Theory and History of Church Architecture. I will claim the attention of the meeting for a few moments whilst I read the communication which accompanied this gratifying donation.
[Mr. Way then read a letter from one of the sons of the Chevalier Bunsen.]
"The Irish Archæological Society, by a vote of council, have presented a series of their valuable communications on subjects connected with the ancient history of Ireland, which are this day laid before you by their Secretary, the Rev. Dr. Todd, honorary member of your Central Committee. That gentleman, in his official capacity as a member of the council of the Royal Irish Academy, has also been charged to submit for the inspection of the present meeting, the collection of drawings, which so admirably represent the weapons and implements of the early races by which Ireland was occupied. This exhibition forming an illustrated catalogue of their museum, supplies a series of examples highly valuable as evidences for the purpose of comparison with the few scattered remains of the same period found in our own island, and of essential service for the arrangement of a class of objects hitherto very imperfectly studied by English Antiquaries. The Society of Antiquaries of Scotland has shewn, with singular liberality, their desire to promote our cause by the vote of their council to send the more valuable antiquities preserved in their museum for exhibition at this meeting. We must deeply regret that a domestic calamity has deprived us of the gratification of seeing amongst us this day their Secretary, Mr. Turnbull, one of our local representatives at Edinburgh, to whom this valuable charge had been intrusted. The Principality has likewise shewn itself not less zealous in behalf of our Society, and the friendly feeling of the Royal Institution of South Wales induced that body to forward to Winchester a valuable contribution to the rich stores which have been exhibited. They have been despatched by their honorary librarian, Mr. George Grant Francis, your local secretary for Glamorganshire, whose unavoidable absence from our meeting is much to be regretted. I cannot omit on this occasion to invite the attention of members to the very great benefit which would accrue to us from the formation of a library at our apartments in London, composed chiefly of modern Archæological publications, which I feel assured would greatly facilitate the researches of many of our members. I have to report that the number of our subscribing members amounts at the present time to upwards of seven hundred; and, whilst I cannot but congratulate the society on this rapid increase of our supporters, I must hope that we shall, by a still greater augmentation of our body, gain extended means of carrying into effect that system of correspondence and research which is amongst the chief objects of our institution. It must be borne in mind that with the present moderate rate of our annual contribution, it will be difficult to carry our intentions into effect unless aided by the co-operation of a very numerous body of subscribers. I cannot omit, at the close of this most gratifying meeting of our Society, to call attention to the encouraging fact that so large a proportion of the members who pledged themselves to attend on this occasion, amounting to upwards of 150, many of whom were engaged in important professional and official duties, should have been enabled to realize their promise of being present, and taking part in our proceedings here. More than two-thirds of that number have given their active and cordial co-operation on this occasion. The causes which have unavoidably prevented some of our warmest friends from joining us at the present time have been already announced, and I will, by permission, lay before you several communications which have been subsequently received. I cannot conclude without offering my hearty congratulation on the highly favourable auspices under which this meeting has so happily been conducted, and the hopeful promise which is afforded to us by the character of its proceedings."
The President then expressed on the part of the following gentlemen their regret at having been unavoidably prevented from attending this Meeting,—the very Revs, the Deans of Exeter, Salisbury, Peterborough, and Chichester, His Excellency the Chevalier Bunsen the Prussian Ambassador, the Rev. the President of Trinity College, Oxford, Archdeacon Burney, Rev. Dr. Spry, Rev. Dr. Bandinel, the Right Hon. Sidney Herbert, M.P., P. Hardwicke, R.A., A. Poynter, A. Acland, R. B. Phillips, Esquires, and W. B. Turnbull, Esq., Secretary of the Antiquarian Society of Scotland.
The President then said,—We have now to proceed to the more important business of the day—that of making the regulations for our guidance in the future, and there is one point of considerable importance to which I will now direct your attention, as it is one on which may arise misconception or misconstruction. We ourselves, and the public generally have been put to great inconvenience—to use a vulgar and old saying—by there being two Simon Pares in the field. It is inconvenient to persons wishing to join us,—it is inconvenient to persons wishing to join other associations,—it is inconvenient to all, and seeing the way in which we have been supported by the public, they are, I think, entitled to consideration at our hands, and I therefore am of opinion we ought to change our name. I have thought of this before, and immediately before I went abroad I held a conversation with Mr. Way respecting it, to see if we could not make some arrangement before another meeting. I thought it right to recommend that some mutual agreement should be come to by the two Societies, and a change of designation take place. I recommended to our rivals,—not that I mean to call Lord Albert Conyngham my rival, for I believe that his intentions are of the best kind, although I am afraid he has allowed himself to be deceived,—that both, by common consent, should change our names, and that, as there were two words to the present title—Archæological Association—we should take one word and they the other; that one should be called the Antiquarian Association, and the other the Archæological Society, I will read to you Lord Albert's reply, which I think most honourable to him individually. I am sorry to say I cannot read you my letter to him, I unfortunately did not preserve a copy of it. The Marquis then read Lord Albert's letter, which was to the effect, "that he could, not well make the Marquis's proposition to members of an association who had just elected him their president, as by so doing, they would admit that they had assumed a title without any claim to it. That they were willing to listen to any proposal for re-uniting the society, but that such proposal must come from the other side, and that he himself was willing to make any personal sacrifice to secure such object." The Marquis then stated that the substance of his reply was, "that he was afraid any attempt to unite the bodies at present would be more likely to prevent than to produce so desirable an object; that he did not wish the other party to make any concession, for if it was a concession on one part, it must be so on both. That he had suggested that the first step should be taken by them, because they held their meeting first, and would thus have the first opportunity: that besides. Lord Albert was president of his section, while he (Lord Northampton) was only the local president elect of the other. That he did not intend that either party should abandon their claim to be the association, but that they should simply for mutual convenience each give up part of their common name." The Marquis added, I did not succeed, but my feelings still remain the same, and the Central Committee, to whom I have submitted the question, agree with me. We do not call upon you to make any concession to the other party, but to look to the public convenience; that public who have so generously supported us on the present occasion, and who have a right to say, "Why put us to this inconvenience? Why make matters personal that ought not to be personal? Why talk of the Way party and the Wright party?" We are now strong. We can stand upon our own ground. We can say to Lord Albert, "You are the minority, the name is of no consequence to us, you may have it." We are seven hundred. Under these circumstances I deny that we are making any concession, and if we were, we could afford to make it. We do not say we are not in the right, for I believe we are. We were right in not consenting to the violent measures taken at the time. Our opponents always avoid the real question at issue. Lord Albert Conyngham resigned the presidency, and this put us into a difficulty. There are times when it is necessary for public bodies to use violent means, but they should always avoid being more violent than is absolutely necessary. Now, in this case, admitting, for the sake of argument, that there was a grievance to be redressed, all that could be necessary was that the general committee should be called upon to summon a general meeting of the members. Instead of this, a meeting was called by the Treasurer, at which about 150 out of 1,700 or 1,800 members attended. No notice was given that the minority intended to turn out the majority of the committee; but an intimation rather to the contrary. What right then had they to turn them out? What power had they to do so? None. But we had a right to say we would not abide by the decision of such a meeting; and it should also be observed,—the meeting took place before Easter—at a time when very few of the members of the Association were in London. A meeting so called had no power to re-elect Lord Albert Conyngham. Without now going into the question of the Album; admitting (for the sake of argument) that there had been mistakes in that matter, nothing justifies such a proceeding. However, by a change of name we in no way recognize the validity of such acts; the only parties concerned in the change are ourselves and the public, and I think the latter have a right to expect thus much at our hands. I must now refer to a statement by Mr. Pettigrew published in The Times to-day. He says, "I cannot but deeply regret to see a nobleman for whom I entertain the highest respect standing forth as the leader of the secessionists, and in his speech, as reported in your paper of this day, he is represented to describe himself as 'one of the earliest members that joined the association, and afterwards filled the situation of president of the architectural section.' Now, Sir, this must surely be an error of your reporter, for the Marquis of Northampton never attended a meeting of the association, neither proposed either a member or a correspondent, never subscribed to the funds, nay, even declined to be president of the central committee upon its formation, on the ground of his position as president of the Royal Society. The only architectural section ever held was at Canterbury, and Professor Willis was the president." In regard to my being one of the earliest members of the association, I believe I was, though I did not contribute before the division, being then absent from town, and being desirous to know what sums were given by others; but after the separation I at once made a donation, because I thought it advisable that the President of the Royal Society should discountenance an irregularity so dangerous as a precedent. The Reporter was wrong in stating that I claimed the honour of having "filled" the situation of President of the Architectural Section. What I did say was, that I had "accepted" that Presidency for the present Meeting, in fact it was so announced in the printed advertisement, but I did not fill the office, having subsequently accepted that of President of the Meeting. It is also true that I never attended any previous meeting, because there never has been but one,—that at Canterbury last year—at which I fully intended to have been present, had I not been prevented by the necessity of my going abroad and by the state of my health. To return, however, to our regulations. The Committee have come, after great consideration, unanimously to the determination to change our name and adopt a fresh one. It is not one of the names I recommended to Lord Albert; but still it will shew I was sincere in my offer, and will not in any way detract from our position. We are to be called the Archæological Institute of Great Britain. The word "Institute" is, I think, a better name than "Society," and it is borne by one of the leading bodies of Europe—I mean the Institute of Paris. The word implies that we mean to teach, and that we are not merely a company met together for the sake of society. There will be no difficulty in regard to our journal—the name will remain the same. The next number of our journal will be The Archæological Journal, No. 7. You are now called upon to confirm the decision of the Committee; you, of course, have a perfect right to negative the decision of that Committee. This, I trust, you will not do; but place that trust in them which I think they have deserved at your hands. So far we have had a prosperous voyage, and are nearly in port, where I hope we shall arrive safe. With these observations I trust I have made my farewell speech to the controversy, and that we shall have no more of it. If it becomes absolutely necessarv to defend ourselves, of course we must not shrink from this necessity ; but, as we shall abstain from attacking others, I hope others will abstain from attacking us.
At the suggestion of Mr. Babington the words "and Ireland" were added after "Great Britain."
One of the Honorary Secretaries then read the regulations for the management of the Institute, which were afterwards submitted to the meeting, and carried unanimously. They are as follows:—
REGULATIONS FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.
The Archæological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland is formed in order to examine, preserve, and illustrate all Ancient Monuments of the History, Manners, Customs and Arts of our Forefathers.
I. The Archæological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland shall consist of Life Members, contributing a donation of not less than £10., of Annual Members contributing not less than £1. each year, and of Cor- Responding Members who, taking an interest in its objects, and being disposed to give furtherance to them without any pecuniary contribution, may desire to attach themselves to the Institute. The Corresponding Members shall not be entitled to vote nor have any other privileges.
II. The Government of the Institute shall be vested in a Central Committee consisting of a President, four Vice-Presidents, three Honorary Secretaries, a Treasurer, and twenty-four ordinary Members.
III. The President's tenure of office shall be for one year.
IV. The Honorary Secretaries and Treasurer shall be elected by the Committee, who shall also have the power of electing a Secretary at such a Salary as they may consider proper.
V. The Election of the President, Vice-Presidents, and Members of the Central Committee shall be made by the Ballot of the Life and Annual Members at the Annual Meeting. The Committee shall select one Vice- President and six Members of their body who are to go out annually, and shall nominate one Vice-President and six other Members to fill up the vacancies. The names of those who go out and of those who are proposed to supply their places shall be hung up in the Local Committee Room during the whole time of the Annual Meeting, and a printed copy of such lists furnished to each Member of the Institute with his Ticket for the Annual Meeting. No Member of the Committee, except the Honorary Secretaries and Treasurer, shall remain on the Committee more than four years, or be eligible to serve again until after the lapse of one year. Any Member of the Institute is at liberty to substitute on the list other name or names for those proposed by the Committee.
VI. The Committee shall be empowered to fill up pro temp, by election all occasional vacancies that may be caused by the Death or Resignation of the President, any of the Vice-Presidents, or ordinary members of the Committee.
VII. These Vacancies shall be supplied on the recommendation of at least three Members of the Committee, made in writing at one of the ordinary Meetings, the proposed Member to be balloted for at the succeeding ordinary Meeting.
VIII. The Annual Meeting shall be holden in one of the cities or principal towns in the kingdom, at which the elections, the appointment of the place of Meeting for the ensuing year, &c. shall take place. Notice of this Meeting shall be given by one of the Honorary Secretaries, by order of the Committee.
IX. The Committee shall have the power of nominating a certain number of Local Vice-Presidents.
X. No other General Meeting of the Institute shall be holden with- out the consent of at least three fourths of the Committee expressed in writing; for such Special Meeting a notice of at least three weeks shall be given by Advertisements in the public papers. At this Special Meeting the President, or in his absence one of the Vice-Presidents, shall take the Chair, and in their absence the Committee shall appoint a Chairman.
XI. Neither at the General Annual Meeting, nor at any Special General Meeting shall any alteration of, or addition to, any of the Rules or Regulations of the Institute be submitted to the Meeting unless upon a proposal in the form of a Resolution in writing, signed by two Life or Annual Members, which shall have been sent to the Committee one month previous to the Meeting, and suspended in their Committee Room.
The Summons for the Special General Meeting shall specify the Resolution or Resolutions to be submitted to the Meeting, and the discussion shall be confined to that object only: in case such proposed Resolution or Resolutions shall be carried, another Special General Meeting shall be summoned by the Committee after the lapse of not less than a fortnight, or more than a month, for the sole purpose of ratifying or rejecting such Resolution. If, however, the first mentioned Special Meeting take place at a time not more than two months before the Annual Meeting, then such Resolution or Resolutions shall be ratified or rejected at that Annual Meeting.
XII. The Chairman of the Annual, or any other General Meeting, shall have an Independent as well as a Casting Vote.
XIII. A certain number of persons, not usually resident in London, shall be associated with the Central Committee as Honorary Members of that Body, and shall be entitled to a Vote at their Meetings. Such Honorary Members shall be proposed on the recommendation of at least three Members of the Committee, and the Election shall take place at the succeeding Ordinary Meeting.
XIV. The Committee shall appoint a certain number of persons, not resident in London, as their Local Secretaries.
XV. The Election of Local Secretaries and Corresponding Members shall be made by the Committee on the proposal of one of the Members thereof, either on his own personal knowledge or on the recommendation of two subscribing Members of the Institute.
XVI. In these and all other Elections made by the Committee it shall be allowable for any Member thereof to demand a Ballot.
XVII. Subscriptions and Donations may be paid to the Treasurer, to any Member of the Committee, or to the Account of the Archaeological Institute with the Banker of the Institute, and no Subscriber shall be entitled to Vote at the Annual Meeting who has not paid his Subscription. The Year shall be considered as closing with the termination of the Annual Meeting; from which time the Subscription for the ensuing year shall become due.
XVIII. The Cash-book and an Account of all Receipts and of the Balance in the Banker's hands, shall be laid on the table at each Meeting of the Central Committee. All Bills having been duly examined and approved in writing shall be paid by Cheque upon the Bankers, signed by the Treasurer.
XIX. The Accounts of the Institute shall be submitted Annually to two Auditors, who shall be elected for that purpose by the Members of the Institute at the General Meeting, and who shall attest by their Signatures the accuracy of the said Accounts. The Accounts having been thus approved, shall be submitted to an Annual Meeting of the Committee to be holden on the First Wednesday in May, and shall be printed and published in the Journal of the Institute as part of the proceedings of the Committee.
XX. A Report of the Proceedings of the whole year shall be submitted to the Annual Meeting.
XXI. The Central Committee shall be empowered to make such Bye Laws as may from time to time appear to them expedient.
The Recorder of Winchester then proposed the following vote of thanks:—That the warmest and sincerest thanks of this Institute are offered to the Marquis of Northampton, for having presided over this Meeting, and this Meeting gratefully acknowledges the consummate ability, the unceasing zeal, and the undiminished kindness, with which he has, in dis- charging that office, devoted his cultivated taste and extensive acquirements to the service of the Institute.
The Dean of Winchester seconded the vote of thanks.
The Marquis of Northampton returned thanks.
The Dean of Winchester then moved that the Marquis of Northampton be requested to take the chair for the ensuing year.
J. H. Markland, Esq., seconded the motion.
The Marquis of Northampton said—I am perfectly willing to accept the presidency until the next meeting, when I trust you will find some person connected with the locality in which you may decide to meet, to take the office, and under whom I shall be very happy, if I can be of any use as Vice-President, to act as such. His Lordship then read the list of the Central Committee proposed for the ensuing year, which he submitted to the meeting and it was unanimously accepted.
President.
The Most Noble the Marquis of Northampton.
Vice=Presidents.
The Viscount Adare, M.P.
Sir Charles Lemon, Bart., M.P., F.R.S.
Sir Philip de Malpas Grey Egerton, Bart., M.P., F.R.S.
The Very Rev. S. Wilberforce, D.D., Dean of Westminster.
Charles Frederick Barnwell, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., F.S.A., late Assistant Keeper of the Antiquities, British Museum.
Samuel Birch, Esq., F.S.A., Assistant Keeper of the Antiquities, British Museum.
Edward Blore, Esq., D.C.L., F.R.S., F.S.A.
George Bowyer, Esq. D.C.L., F.R.S.A., Barrister-at-Law.
William Bromet, Esq., M.D., F.S.A., Corresponding Member of the "Société Française pour la Conservation des Monuments Historiques."
Hon. Robert Curzon, jun.
Rev. John Bathurst Deane, M.A., F.S.A.
Benjamin Ferrey, Esq., Fellow of the Institute of British Architects.
The Ven. W. H. Hale, B.D., Archdeacon of London; Master of the Charter-House.
Thomas Duffus Hardy, Esq., one of the Assistant Keepers of the Records.
Philip Hardwick, Esq., R.A., F.R.S., F.S.A.
Edw. Hawkins, Esq., F.R.S., F.S.A., Keeper of the Antiquities, British Museum.
Thomas William King, Esq., F.S.A., Rouge Dragon Pursuivant.
Sir F. Madden, K.H., F.R.S., F.S.A., Keeper of the MSS., British Museum.
Rev. Samuel Roffey Maitland, F.R.S., F.S.A., Librarian to the Archbishop of Canterbury, and Keeper of the MSS. at Lambeth, Treasurer.
Charles Manby, Esq., Secretary of the Institution of Civil Engineers.
Charles Newton, Esq., M.A., Student of Christ Church; Department of Antiquities, British Museum.
Ambrose Poynter, Esq., Honorary Secretary of the Royal Institute of British Architects; Member of Council of the Government School of Design.
Evelyn Philip Shirley, Esq., M.P.
Thomas Stapleton, Esq., F.S.A.
William John Thoms, Esq., F.S.A., Corresponding Member of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland.
Patrick Eraser Tytler, Esq., F.S.A.E.
William S. W. Vaux, Esq., M.A., Department of Antiquities, British Museum.
Albert Way, Esq., M.A., Director of the Society of Antiquaries; Corresponding Member of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, Honorary Secretary.
Sir Richard Westmacott, R.A., F.S.A., Professor of Sculpture, Royal Academy.
Honorary Members of the Central Committee.
Not usually resident in London.
Rev. Philip Bliss, D.C.L., F.S.A., Registrar of the University of Oxford.
Sir John P. Boileau, Bart., Ketteringham, Norfolk.
The Ven. Charles Parr Burney, D.D., F.R.S., F.S.A., Archdeacon of St. Albans.
The Very Rev. George Butler, D.D., F.R.S., F.S.A., Dean of Peterborough
The Very Rev. Thomas Garnier, D.C.L., Dean of Winchester.
Sir Stephen R. Glynne, Bart., M.P., F.S.A., Hawarden Castle, Flintshire.
Henry Gally Knight, Esq., M.F.
The Very Rev. Thomas Hill Lowe. D.D., Dean of Exeter.
The Very Rev. Charles Scott Luxmore, M.A., Dean of St. Asaph.
James Heywood Markland, Esq., F.R.S., F.S.A., Bath.
The Very Rev. John Merewether, D.D., F.R.S., F.S.A., Dean of Hereford.
George Ormerod, Esq., D.C.L., F.R.S., F.S.A., Sedbury Park, Chepstow.
The Very Rev. George Peacock, D.D., Dean of Ely.
Rev. Frederick C. Plumptre, D.D., Master of University College, Oxford.
Rev. J. L. Richards, D.D., Rector of Exeter College, Oxford.
Rev. J. H. Todd, D.D., Trinity College, Dublin.
Rev. Wm. Whewell, D.D., V.P.R.S., F.S.A., Master of Trinity Coll., Cambridge.
Rev. Robert Willis, M.A., F.R.S., Jacksonian Professor, Cambridge.
The Mayor proposed, and the Rev. E. James seconded a motion that W. Burge, Esq., the Recorder of Winchester, and the Rev. C. H. Hartshorne should be appointed auditors for the ensuing year.—Carried unanimously.
The President said—The next business we have to consider, is the place of meeting for the ensuing year. We were last year well received at the first archiepiscopal see, viz., Canterbury, and the committee and myself think it right that we should next year take York. York possesses peculiar advantages: its Minster is second to no cathedral in the kingdom, and there are ruins of a magnificent abbey within the very walls of the city. At York there are also the remains of a castle; I do not speak of the minor objects in which the neighbourhood abounds, or of the architectural magnificence of Beverley Minster, of Selby or Rivaulx Abbeys; for Yorkshire is indeed a sort of monopolizer of fine buildings; a county three times as large as any other county in England, it has more than three times the attractions of any other. I call upon you to accede to the proposal of the committee for the next meeting to take place at York. It may appear to you perhaps that I am advocating a submission to the will of the committee, tending to make them autocratical or despotic; but I think, that under existing circumstances, it is better for us to put as much confidence in the committee as possible, and it is as well to do so at all times, for there are often reasons presenting themselves to a committee which it would be invidious to bring before the public. I ask you now to put that confidence in the committee, and to agree on York as the next place of our meeting.
Carried unanimously.
J. H. Markland, Esq., then read an invitation from the Archdeacon of Bath, in the name of the Dean and Chapter of Wells, for the Institute to meet at an early year in their cathedral town, to which the following reply was made. "The Archæological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland has received with much satisfaction the obliging communication of the Venerable Archdeacon Brymer, expressing the readiness of the Dean and Chapter of Wells to receive the Institute in that city. The Institute is well aware of the many objects of interest which that city and its neighbourhood present; and the members indulge the hope that in some future year they may be enabled to avail themselves of this kind proposal, and investigate what is so well worthy their attention."
Sir R. Westmacott moved the thanks of the meeting to the Dean and Chapter for the cordial hospitality they had afforded to the members.
A. J. B. Hope, Esq., M.P., seconded the motion.
The Dean of Winchester returned thanks.
The Dean of Hereford then moved a vote of thanks to the Warden and Fellows of Winchester College.
Sir Thomas Phillipps, Bart., seconded the motion, which was put by the President, and carried unanimously.
The Warden of Winchester College returned thanks.
Lord Alwyn Compton proposed a vote of thanks to the Mayor and Corporation of Winchester, for their kind assistance to the Institute.
The Head Master of Winchester College seconded the vote.
The Mayor of Winchester returned thanks.
The Count Mortara proposed, and J. M. Kemble, Esq., seconded, a vote of thanks to the Recorder.
The Recorder returned thanks.
J. H. Markland, Esq., proposed a vote of thanks to the nobility, gentry, and clergy of Hampshire, for the countenance afforded by them to this meeting.
C. F. Barnwell, Esq., seconded the motion.
The Rev. C. H. Hartshorne then moved a vote of thanks to T. Thistlethwayte, Esq., proprietor of Porchester Castle, for the facilities of access which he most kindly afforded to the Members of the Institute on their visit to that building.
The Rev. W. H. Gunner seconded the resolution, which was carried unanimously.
A vote of thanks to the Royal Irish Academy, the Irish Archæological Society, the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, and the Royal Institution of South Wales, for their kind liberality in sending for inspection numerous objects of great value from their respective museums, was proposed by the Warden of New College, and seconded by the Warden of Winchester.
A vote of thanks to the exhibitors, and especially to Colonel Greenwood, for his obliging offer to submit to the meeting the results of his researches into the Roman remains on his property, was proposed by W. W. Bulpett, Esq., and seconded by the Rev. J. L. Petit.
A vote of thanks to the Local Committee, and especially to the Rev. W. H. Gunner, who had officiated so zealously as their Secretary, was proposed by the Rev. S. R. Maitland, and seconded by the Rev. Dr. Todd.
A vote of thanks to Edward Hailstone, Esq., for his indefatigable exertions in the arrangement of the museum at the deanery, was proposed by Edward Hawkins, Esq., and seconded by Albert Way, Esq.
The President then moved a vote of thanks to Albert Way, Esq., for his services of Honorary Secretary.
The President closed the proceedings, by moving a vote of thanks to Owen B. Carter, Esq., architect, for the great services he had rendered the Institute by making drawings for the use of the Meeting.
Towards the close of the proceedings, the Hon. and Rev. G. Noel communicated to the meeting an interesting discovery which had just been made in the Abbey Church at Romsey, and of which Mr. Ferrey, the architect, (under whom the restoration of that edifice is taking place,) gives the following explanation:—
"It was found necessary to move a large Purbeck stone slab to the extent of two or three feet, in order to prevent its concealment by the intended flooring of some seats. From the circumstance of this slab being 11 ft. 6 in. long, by 3 ft. 9 in., and once ornamented by a large floriated cross of brass, of which the impress now remains, I was not without expectation that it might cover a stone coffin. Great care was therefore exercised in raising the stone. Upon its being moved, there was discovered, immediately under it, a stone coffin, 5 ft. 10 in. long, by 2 ft. wide in the broadest part, and one foot deep, containing the skeleton of a priest in good preservation, the figure measuring only 5 ft. 4 in. in length, the head elevated and resting in a hollow cavity worked out of the stone, so as to form a cushion. He had been buried in the vestments peculiar to his office, viz. the alb and timic. Over his left arm was the maniple, and in his hand the chalice, covered with the paten. Considering these remains to be at least five hundred years old, it is remarkable that they should be in such preservation.
The chalice and the paten are of pewter, the latter much corroded; a great portion of the linen alb remains; the maniple is of brown velvet, fringed at the extremity, and lined with silk; portions of the stockings remain, and also all the parts of the boots, though, from the decay of the sewing, they have fallen to pieces.
On the sides of the coffin could be traced the marks of the corpse when it was first deposited, from which it would appear that the deceased had been stout, as well as short in stature.
It is to be regretted that the inscription being stripped from the verge of the slab, we have no means of knowing whose remains these are. The Purbeck marble slab had never been disturbed, being found strongly secured by mortar to the top of the stone coffin. It is curious that the covering should be so gigantic, and the coffin under it so small. Judging from the size of the slab and the beauty of the large floriated cross, it might have been supposed to cover some dignified ecclesiastic. This is clearly not the case; the vestments found being such only as belong to the humbler grade of the clergy. Perhaps the great size of the cross on the slab (which has, indeed, the peculiarities of a processional cross) may be intended to designate the office of the deceased, whose duty it might have been (if a sub-deacon) to carry the cross on solemn festivals.
This is, however, mere conjecture; but it can scarcely be concluded that a Purbeck marble slab of such magnitude as compared to the coffin would be fixed, without some special reason or meaning.
In the absence of any known date, judging from the impress on the marble, and the shape of the stone coffin, I should assign both to the early part of the fourteenth century."