THE SECOND DIVISION OF THE ṬUAT, WHICH IS CALLED URNES.
In the scene that illustrates the Second Division of the Ṭuat, which is passed through by the Sun-god
The Boat of Ȧf in the Second Hour.
during the Second Hour of the night, the Boat of the Ram-headed god Ȧf is seen making its way along the stream which flows, as before, through the division lengthwise; the crew consists of the same gods, and they occupy the same positions in the boat as they did in the First Division. It is, however, important to notice that immediately in front of Ȧp-uat we see two serpents, which are called Isis and Nephthys respectively,
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, occupying the front of the boat. No carpet or mat hangs over the bows of the boat, and the utchat is not represented on its side; the boat moves over the waters by means of some power exerted either by itself or by some of the gods who stand in it. In front of the boat of Ȧf the way is led by a procession of four boats, which are moved, presumably, by the same power which moves the boat of Rā.
The first boat has ends which terminate in bearded human heads, and its celestial and solar character is attested by the sign for "heaven,"
, and the utchat
, with which its sides are ornamented. The object of this boat is to support the disk of the full moon, which rests within a crescent upon a support divided into thirteen sections, each typifying a day; thus the full moon as it appears on the fourteenth day of the month is here represented. By the disk kneels a god who is "supporting Maāt,"
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, which is symbolized by a feather, and is described by the word Maāt,
, written between it and the support of the moon's disk. In the mutilated text above the boat it is said that "this great god approacheth this region, and he is conveyed along in the boats of the earth, by means of their......, and he paddleth along through this Field and uttereth words,"
The Boat of the Full Moon.
The name of the fore part of the boat appears to be Urer,
, and in front of the boat is written "Chief of the gods of the Ṭuat,"
, and those above the stern of the boat read, "Field of him that beareth up Urnes,"
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The ends of the second boat likewise terminate in
The Boat of the goddess Hathor.
bearded human heads, but each is surmounted by a pair of plumes. In the centre of the boat, between two goddesses, stands a huge sistrum, which is the symbol of the goddess Hathor, and indicates that the boat is that of Hathor, or of Hathor-Isis. In the fore part of the boat is a beetle, which is described as "This great god Neper,"
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Above the goddess to the left of the sistrum are written the words, "their boats send forth their words,"
; over the plumed head in front is written
, and over that at the other end of the boat, "Osiris crieth to it,"
The Boat of the Lizard-god.
. On the side of the boat are the signs
and
The prow of the third boat is surmounted by a crown of the South, and the stern by a crown of the North, and between the two sceptres,
, which symbolize the gods Ȧnpu and Ȧp-uat, i.e., the jackalheaded gods of the South and North, is a huge lizard, from the back of which spring the head of Osiris and a White Crown. On the side of the boat are the signs
and
. Above the crown of the North is the legend U-ur,
, which, however, probably refers to the sceptre near it; above the lizard we have
The Boat of the Grain-god Neper
, above the foremost sceptre,
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, and immediately in front is
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, and under the front of the boat is
The prow and stern of the fourth boat terminate in heads of uraei, each of which is turned towards the deity who is kneeling in the middle of the boat. In the centre kneels a woman without arms, and before and behind her stands a man, who is likewise without arms. At each end of the boat grows a plant or, perhaps, a large ear of wheat, which indicates that the boat is that of the form of Osiris as the god of vegetation, who is known by the name Neper. The legend by the ear of corn in the front of the boat reads, "the boat which conveyeth Neper,"
, and that by the ear in the stern, "collector(?) of herbs and plants,"
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. The deity in the boat, or the boat itself perhaps, is called Ḥept-menȧ-f-tuȧ-uȧa-f,
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. This boat is the boat of the god Neper, the god of grain, and a form of Osiris as the god of vegetation; it may be noted that its side has no utchat
upon it.
In the upper register are:--
1. A bearded god, with a phallus in the form of a knife, called Ȧst Netch-t,
, or
, i.e., "Isis, the avengeress."
2. A god of similar form and attribute called Seb-Qenbeti,
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, i.e., "Seb of the two corners."
3. A ram-headed god, with a similar attribute called Khnemu Qenbeti,
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, i.e., "Khnemu of the two corners."
4. An ibis-headed god, with a similar attribute, called Teḥuti-ḥer-khenṭ-f,
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, i.e., "Thoth on his steps."
5. An ape-headed god, with a similar attribute, called Ȧfu-Ḥer-khenṭ-f,
, i.e., "Ȧfu on his steps."
Second Hour. Upper register. Gods Nos. 1-7.
6. Lioness-headed deity, with a similar attribute, called Ketuit-ṭent-ba,
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, i.e., "Cutter of the soul."
All the above gods are in mummied form, and occupy chairs of state.
7. A god standing upright, and holding a kherp sceptre or weapon,
, in his left hand; he is called Sekhem-ā-kheftiu,
, i.e., "Overcomer of the power of the enemy."
8. A hawk-headed god, with a uraeus on his head, called Ḥeru-Ṭuat,
, i.e., "Horus of the Ṭuat."
9. A god, who holds a knife in his left hand, and has his right raised to strike; he is called Seben-ḥesq-khaibitu,
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Second Hour. Upper Register. Gods nos. 8-15.
10, 11. Two ape-headed gods, called respectively Benti,
, and Ȧānā,
12. A god with the head of a hawk and the head of an animal, i.e., Set and Ḥeru-ur, who is here called "He of the two faces,"
13, 14. The crook of Osiris,
,
and the upper half of a serpent called Meṭ-en-Ȧsȧr, i.e., "staff of Osiris."
15. The term of Osiris facing a deity with the head of a lioness, who is called Sesent-khu,
, i.e., "Terrifier of spirits."
16-18. Three goddesses, each of whom has a sceptre in her left hand, and a uraeus on her head; their names
Second Hour. Upper Register. Gods Nos. 16-21
are:--Mest-s-tcheses,
, Āmāma kheftiu,
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, and Ḥert-Ṭuati,
19-21. The goddesses Sekhet, of Thebes,
, Ām-tcheru,
, Ȧment-nefert
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, and Net-ṭept-ȧnt,
In the lower register are the following:--
1. A god, standing, called Nebȧui,
2--4. Three gods, each of whom has two ears of corn stuck in his hair; these are called Besuā,
, Neper,
, and Ṭepu(?),
(or, Pȧn,
)
5--7. Three gods, each holding an ear of wheat in
Second Hour. Lower Register. Gods Nos. 1--8.
his left hand; their names are Ḥetch-ā,
, Āb,
, and Nepen,
8. A god, holding a knife in his left hand, called Ȧr-ȧst-neter,
9--11. Three gods, seated, in mummy forms. The first has the head of a horned animal, and is called Āmu-āa,
, i.e., "the Eater of the phallus"; the second has the head of a man, and is called
, Akhabit; and the third has the head of a jackal, and is called Nebt-ta-tcheser,
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12. The god Osiris Un-nefer,
, in mummy form, wearing the crown of the South.
13. The god Khui,
, who holds in each hand a long lotus-topped sceptre surmounted by a star.
Second Hour. Lower Register. Gods Nos. 9--15.
14. The two-headed god (Horus-Set?) called Hrȧ-f-ā-f,
15. The god Ḥeru-ḥen,
16, 17. Two gods, each holding in his left hand the sign of life inverted; their names are Ḥun,
, and Ḥetchetchtu,
18--20. Three gods, each holding a palm branch; their names are Neḥȧ,
(or, Nareḥ,
)
, Makhi,
, and Renpiti,
21. A god, who holds a knife in his left hand, and is called Āfau,
22. A god, holding in his hand the symbol of "year,"
, who is called Fa-ȧr-tru,
Second Hour. Lower Register. Gods Nos. 16--22.
The text referring to the gods in the upper register reads:--
[
]
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"[Those who are in this picture] praise this great god after he hath come forth to them, and behold, it is their words which lead him to them; they lament when he hath passed onwards, having spoken words to them. Behold, these gods are they who make the words of those who are upon earth to reach [the god], and it is they who make souls to approach their forms. Their work consisteth in causing to come into being the offerings of the night, and in performing the overthrow [of enemies] at their hour. It is they who guard the day, and who bring on the night until this great god cometh forth from out of the thick darkness to repose in this Court of the eastern horizon of heaven. They cry out in lamentation to this great god, and they utter wailings for him after he hath passed by them. Those who know them shall come forth by day, and he shall be able to journey during the night to the divisions of the great double city."
The texts which describe the duties of the gods in the lower register read:--
[
]
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[
]
“[Those who are in this picture give unto this great
god the seasons] and the years which are in their
hands. When this great god hath made speech with
them, they answer him, and they have life through
the voice of this great god, and their throats draw in
breath, for when he crieth to them he ordereth them
what they are to do, and he appointeth to them green
herbs in abundance in their field. And they supply
with the green herbs of Urnes the gods who are in
the following of Rā, and they make offerings of water
to the spirits by the command of this great god, and
they kindle flames of fire in order to burn up the
enemies of Rā, and there is wailing to them, and they
lament after this great god hath passed them by.
Ȧm-nebȧui is the guardian of this Field; whosoever
knoweth [this] is in the condition of a spirit equipped
with [words of power], and [the gods] protect [him].” The five lines of text which contain the address of the gods to Rā, and the answer of the god, read:--
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
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