Chronologies and Calendars/Chapter 14

by James C. MacDonald

Chapter XIV.

The Great Calendars.

DOUBTLESS nowadays, with the help of almanacs, diaries, and the daily press, any incident can be dated to its particular day in any week and month as well as to the year in the century. Yet two-thirds of nineteen hundred years had run before almanacs were in vogue at all. Now they have become so very numerous as to need (for classified nomenclature) one bulky foolscap volume in the British Museum Library for themselves. A century ago their circulation was limited and intermittent;^[1] it is just six decades since the stamp impost of fifteen-pence was abolished.^[2]

139. Almanac is the Arabic al manac (the diary). Verstegen says it is the Saxon al mon aght (all moon heed), and that it refers to the tallies of the full and new moons kept by our Saxon ancestors--one of these tallies may still be seen at St. John’s College, Cambridge.^[3]

140. Very recently, certain American authorities suggested a new calendar. In this system, the year would be divided into thirteen months. The first twelve months to contain twenty-eight days each, whilst the thirteenth would have twenty-nine days, except in leap year, when there would be thirty days. It is claimed for this calendar that it would be exceedingly practical and of undoubted value in the great commercial world. For instance, each month being composed of four weeks, the days of each week would always fall on the same dates of the months. Thus, if the 1st of January was a Monday, it would follow that the 1st, the 8th, the 15th, and 22nd of February, and the following months, would also be a Monday. And so on with Tuesday, which would fall on the 2nd, the 9th, the 16th, and 23rd throughout the year.^[4]

141. The Roman Calendar.

Present Days of the Month.	March, May, July, October, have thirty-one days.		January, August, December, have thirty-one days.		April, June, September, November, have thirty days.		February has twenty-eight days, and in Leap Year twenty-nine.
1	Kalendis[5]		Kalendis		Kalendis		Kalendis
2	VI.	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$ Ante Nonas	IV.	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$ Ante Nonas	IV.	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$ Ante Nonas	IV.	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$ Ante Nonas
3	V.		III.		III.		III.
4	IV.		Pridie Nonas		Pridie Nonas		Pridie Nonas
5	III.		Nonis		Nonis		Nonis
6	Pridie Nonas		VIII.	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$ Ante Idus	VIII.	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$ Ante Idus	VIII.	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$ Ante Idus
7	Nonis[5]		VII.		VII.		VII.
8	VIII.	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$ Ante Idus	VI.		VI.		VI.
9	VII.		V.		V.		V.
10	VI.		IV.		IV.		IV.
11	V.		III.		III.		III.
12	IV.		Pridie Idus.		Pridie Idus.		Pridie Idus.
13	III.		Idibus.		Idibus.		Idibus.
14	Pridie Idus		XIX.	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following)	XVIII.	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following)	XVI.	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following)
15	Idibus[5]		XVIII.		XVII.		XV.
16	XVII.	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$ Ante Kalendas (of the month following)	XVII.		XVI.		XIV.
17	XVI.		XVI.		XV.		XIII.
18	XV.		XV.		XIV.		XII.
19	XIV.		XIV.		XIII.		XI.
20	XIII.		XIII.		XII.		X.
21	XII.		XII.		XI.		IX.
22	XI.		XI.		X.		VIII.
23	X.		X.		IX.		VII.
24	IX.		IX.		VIII.		VI.
25	VIII.		VIII.		VII.		V.
26	VII.		VII.		VI.		IV.
27	VI.		VI.		V.		III.
28	V.		V.		IV.		Pridie Kalendas Martius[6]
29	IV.		IV.		III.
30	III.		III.		Pridie Kalendas (of the month following)
31	Pridie Kalendas (of the month following)		Pridie Kalendas (of the month following)

142. The British Calendar.

January hath XXXI. days.

1	a	Calendæ	Circumcision	17	c	16 Cal.
2	b	4 Non.		18	d	15 Cal.	Prisca, Rom. V. and S.
3	c	3 Non.		19	e	14 Cal.
4	d	Pr. Non.		20	f	13 Cal.	Fabian, B. of Rom. M.
5	e	Nonæ		21	g	12 Cal.	Agnes, Rom. V. and M.
6	f	8 Id.	Epiphany	22	a	11 Cal.	Vinc. Span. Deac. M.
7	g	7 Id.		23	b	10 Cal.
8	a	6 Id.	Lucian Priest g. M.	24	c	9 Cal.
9	b	5 Id.		25	d	8 Cal.	Conv. of S. Paul
10	c	4 Id.		26	e	7 Cal.
11	d	3 Id.		27	f	6 Cal.
12	e	Pr. Id.		28	g	5 Cal.
13	f	Idus	Hillary, Bish. and Con.	29	a	4 Cal.
14	e	19 Cal. Feb.		30	g	3 Cal.	K. Charles. Mart.[7]
15	f	18 Cal.		31	a	Pr. Cal.
16	g	17 Cal.

February hath XXVIII. days, and on every Leap Year XXIX. days.

1	d	Calendæ	Fast	16	e	14 Cal.
2	e	4 Non.	Purification V. M.	17	f	13 Cal.
3	f	3 Non.	Blasius, Bis. and Mart.	18	g	12 Cal.
4	g	Pr. Non.		19	a	11 Cal.
5	a	Nonæ	Agatha, Sicilian V. and M.	20	b	10 Cal.
6	b	8 Id.		21	c	9 Cal.
7	c	7 Id.		22	d	8 Cal.
8	d	6 Id.		23	e	7 Cal.	Fast
9	e	5 Id.		24	f	6 Cal.	St. Matthias, A. M.
10	f	4 Id.		25	g	5 Cal.
11	g	3 Id.		26	a	4 Cal.
12	a	Pr. Id.		27	b	3 Cal.
13	b	Idus		28	c	Pr. Cal.
14	c	16 Cal. Mar.	Valentine Bish. g. M.	29
15	d	15 Cal.

March hath XXXI. days.

1	d	Calendæ	David, Archb. Menev.		17	f	16 Cal.
2	e	6 Non.	Ceddc or Chad, B. Letc.		18	g	15 Cal.	Ed., K. of West Sax.
3	f	5 Non.			19	a	14 Cal.
4	g	4 Non.			20	b	13 Cal.
5	a	3 Non.		14	21	c[bc-e 1]	12 Cal.	Benedict Abbot.
6	b	Pr. Non.		3	22	d	11 Cal.
7	c	Nonæ	Perpetua Mauret, Mart.		23	e	10 Cal.
8	d	8 Id.		11	24	f	9 Cal.	Fast.
9	e	7 Id.			25	g	8 Cal.	Annunciat B.V.M.
10	f	6 Id.		19	26	a	7 Cal.
11	g	5 Id.		8	27	b	6 Cal.
12	a	4 Id.	Greg. M.B. of R. and C.		28	c	5 Cal.
13	b	3 Id.		16	29	d	4 Cal.
14	c	Pr. Id.		5	30	e	3 Cal.
15	d	Idus			31	f	Pr. Cal.
16	e	17 Cal. Apr.

1. The numbers here prefixed to the several days between the 21st day of March and the 18th day of April, both inclusive, denote the days upon which those full moons do fall which happen upon, or next after, the 21st day of March, in those years of which they are respectively the Golden Number. And the Sunday letter next following any such full moon, points out Easter Day for that year. All which holds until the year of our Lord 1899 inclusive, after which year, the places of these Golden Numbers will have to be changed.

April hath XXX. days.

13	1	g	Calendæ			16	a	16 Cal.
2	2	a	4 Non.		7	17	b	15 Cal.
	3	b	3 Non.	Richard, Bush. of Chich.	6	18	c	14 Cal.
10	4	c	Pr. Non.	S. Ambrose, B. of Mel.		19	d	13 Cal.	Alphege, Archb. Cant.
	5	d	Nonæ			20	e	12 Cal.
18	6	e	8 Id.			21	f	11 Cal.
7	7	f	7 Id.			22	g	10 Cal.
	8	g	6 Id.			23	a	9 Cal.	S. George, Martyr
15	9	a	5 Id.			24	b	8 Cal.
4	10	b	4 Id.			25	c	7 Cal.	S. Mark, Chan. and Mart.
	11	c	3 Id.			26	d	6 Cal.
12	12	d	Pr. Id.			27	e	5 Cal.
1	13	e	Idus			28	f	4 Cal.
	14	f	16 Cal. Maii			29	g	3 Cal.
	15	g	17 Id.			30	a	Pr. Cal.

May hath XXXI. days.

1	b	Calendæ	S. Phil. and Jac. A. and M.	17	d	16 Cal.
2	c	6 Non.		18	e	15 Cal.
3	d	5 Non.	Invention of Cross	19	f	14 Cal.	Dunstan, Archb. Cant.
4	e	4 Non.		20	g	13 Cal.
5	f	3 Non.		21	a	12 Cal.
6	g	Pr. Non.	S. John Evang. Ante Port. Lat.	22	b	11 Cal.
7	a	Nonæ		23	c	10 Cal.
8	b	8 Id.		24	d	9 Cal.
9	c	7 Id.		25	e	8 Cal.
10	d	6 Id.		26	f	7 Cal.	Aug. first, Archb. Cant.
11	e	5 Id.		27	g	6 Cal.	Venerable Bede, Pr.
12	f	4 Id.		28	a	5 Cal.
13	g	3 Id.		29	b	4 Cal.	K. Charles II., Nat. and Return[8]
14	a	Pr. Id.	30	c	3 Cal.
15	b	Idus		31	d	Pr. Cal.
16	c	17 Cal. Jun.

June hath XXX. days.

1	e	Calendæ	Nicom. Rom. Pr. and M.	17	g	15 Cal.	S. Alban, Mart.
2	f	4 Non.		18	a	14 Cal.
3	g	3 Non.		19	b	13 Cal.
4	a	Pr. Non.		20	c	12 Cal.	Transl. of Edw., K. of West Sax.
5	b	Nonæ	Bonif. B. of Mentz, M.	21	d	11 Cal.
6	c	8 Id.		22	e	10 Cal.
7	d	7 Id.		23	f	9 Cal.	Fast
8	e	6 Id.		24	g	8 Cal.	Nativity of S. J. Baptist
9	f	5 Id.		25	a	7 Cal.
10	g	4 Id.		26	b	6 Cal.
11	a	3 Id.	S. Barnab. A. M.	27	c	5 Cal.
12	b	Pr. Id.		28	d	4 Cal.	Fast
13	c	Idus		29	e	3 Cal.	S. Peter A. and M.
14	d	18 Cal. Julii		30	f	Pr. Cal.
15	e	17 Cal.
16	f	16 Cal.

July hath XXXI. days.

1	g	Calendæ		17	b	16 Cal.
2	a	6 Non.	Visit of the B. V. Mary	18	c	15 Cal.
3	b	5 Non.		19	d	14 Cal.
4	c	4 Non.	Trans. of S. Mart, B. and C.	20	e	13 Cal.	Marg. V. and M. Antioch
5	d	3 Non.		21	f	12 Cal.
6	e	Pr. Non.		22	g	11 Cal.	S. Mary Magdalene
7	f	Nonæ		23	a	10 Cal.
8	g	8 Id.		24	b	9 Cal.	Fast
9	a	7 Id.		25	c	8 Cal.	S. James, A. and M.
10	b	6 Id.		26	d	7 Cal.	S. Anne, Mother to the Bl. Virgin Mary
11	c	5 Id.		27	e	6 Cal.
12	d	4 Id.		28	f	5 Cal.
13	e	3 Id.		29	g	4 Cal.
14	f	Pr. Id.		30	a	3 Cal.
15	g	Idus	Swithun, B. of Win., Transl.	31	b	Pr. Cal.
16	a	17 Cal. Aug.

August hath XXXI. days.

1	c	Calendæ	Lammas-day	17	e	16 Cal.
2	d	4 Non.		18	f	15 Cal.
3	e	3 Non.		19	g	14 Cal.
4	f	Pr. Non.		20	a	13 Cal.
5	g	Nonæ		21	b	12 Cal.
6	a	8 Id.	Transfig. of our Lord	22	c	11 Cal.
7	b	7 Id.	Name of Jesus	23	d	10 Cal.	Fast
8	c	6 Id.		24	e	9 Cal.	S. Barthol., A. and M.
9	d	5 Id.		25	f	8 Cal.
10	e	4 Id.	S. Laur., Arch. D. of R. & M.	26	g	7 Cal.
11	f	3 Id.		27	a	6 Cal.
12	g	Pr. Id.		28	b	5 Cal.	S. Au., B. of Hip. C. D.
13	a	Idus		29	c	4 Cal.	Beheading of John Bap.
14	b	19 Cal. Sep		30	d	3 Cal.
15	c	18 Cal.		31	e	Pr. Cal.
16	d	17 Cal.

September hath XXX. days.

1	f	Calendæ	Giles, Abbot g. Conf.	17	a	15 Cal.	Lambert, Bish. g. M.
2	g	4 Non.		18	b	14 Cal.
3	a	3 Non.		19	c	13 Cal.
4	b	Pr. Non.		20	d	12 Cal.	Fast.
5	c	Nonæ		21	e	11 Cal.	S. Matthew, A. C. and M.
6	d	8 Id.		22	f	10 Cal.
7	e	7 Id.	Enurchus, B. of Orleans	23	g	9 Cal.
8	f	6 Id.	Nativity of the B. V. M.	24	a	8 Cal.
9	g	5 Id.		25	b	7 Cal.
10	a	4 Id.		26	c	6 Cal.	S. Cyprian, Archb. of Carth and Mar.
11	b	3 Id.		27	d	5 Cal.
12	c	Pr. Id.		28	e	4 Cal.
13	d	Idus		29	f	3 Cal.	S. Mich. and All An.
14	e	18 Cal. Oct.	Holy Cross Day	30	g	Pr. Cal.	S. Jer., Pr. Conf. and Doct.
15	f	17 Cal.
16	g	16 Cal.

October hath XXXI. days.

1	a	Calendæ	Remig, B. of Rhemes	17	c	16 Cal.	Etheldred, Virg.
2	b	6 Non.		18	d	15 Cal.	S. Luke, Evan.
3	c	5 Non.		19	e	14 Cal.
4	d	4 Non.		20	f	13 Cal.
5	e	3 Non.		21	g	12 Cal.
6	f	Pr. Non.	Faith, Virgin and Mart.	22	a	11 Cal.
7	g	Nonæ		23	b	10 Cal.
8	a	8 Id.		24	c	9 Cal.
9	b	7 Id.	S. Deny's, Areop. B. and M.	25	d	8 Cal.	Crispin, Mart.
10	c	6 Id.		26	e	7 Cal.
11	d	5 Id.		27	f	6 Cal.	Fast
12	e	4 Id.		28	g	5 Cal.	S. Simon and S. Jn., A. and M.
13	f	3 Id.	Transl. of K. Ed. Conf.	29	a	4 Cal.
14	g	Pr. Id.		30	b	3 Cal.
15	a	Idus		31	c	Pr. Cal.	Fast
16	b	17 Cal. Nov.

November hath XXX. days.

1	d	Calendæ	All Saints' Day	16	e	16 Cal.
2	e	4 Non.		17	f	15 Cal.	Hugh, Bish. of Linc.
3	f	3 Non.		18	g	14 Cal.
4	g	Pr. Non.		19	a	13 Cal.
5	a	Nonæ	Papists' Conspiracy[9]	20	b	12 Cal.	Edmund, King and Mart.
6	b	8 Id.	Leonard, Confessor	21	c	11 Cal.
7	c	7 Id.		22	d	10 Cal.	Cecilia, Virg. and Mart.
8	d	6 Id.		23	e	9 Cal.	S. Clem., I. B. of R. and M.
9	e	5 Id.		24	f	8 Cal.
10	f	4 Id.		25	g	7 Cal.	Catherine, Vir. and Mar.
11	g	3 Id.	S. Martin, Bish. and Conf.	26	a	6 Cal.
12	a	Pr. Id.		27	b	5 Cal.
13	b	Idus	Britius, Bishop	28	c	4 Cal.
14	c	18 Cal. Dec.		29	d	3 Cal.	Fast
15	d	17 Cal.	Machulus, Bishop	30	e	Pr. Cal.	S. Andrew, A. and M.

December hath XXXI. days.

1	f	Calendæ		16	g	17 Cal.	O. Sapientia
2	g	4 Non.		17	a	16 Cal.
3	a	3 Non.		18	b	15 Cal.
4	b	Pr. Non.		19	c	14 Cal.
5	c	Nonæ		20	d	13 Cal.	Fast
6	d	8 Id.	Nichol, Bish. of Myra in Licia	21	e	12 Cal.	S. Tho., Ap. and M.
7	e	7 Id.		22	f	11 Cal.
8	f	6 Id.	Concept of the B. V. M.	23	g	10 Cal.
9	g	5 Id.		24	a	9 Cal.	Fast
10	a	4 Id.		25	b	8 Cal.	Christmas Day
11	b	3 Id.		26	c	7 Cal.	S. Stephen, F. M.
12	c	Pr. Id.		27	d	6 Cal.	S. John, Ap. and E.
13	d	Idus	Lucy, Virgin and Mart.	28	e	5 Cal.	Innocents'-day
14	e	19 Cal. Jan.		29	f	4 Cal.
15	f	18 Cal.		30	g	3 Cal.
				31	a	Pr. Cal.	Silvest, Bish. of Rome.

143. Jewish Calendar. (A.D. 1896, A.M. 5656–57.)

The Year 5656 commenced September 19th, 1895.

Jan.	16	New Moon	Sebat	1
Feb.	15	New Moon	Adar	1
Feb.„	27	Fast of Esther	Sivan„	13
Feb.„	28	Purim	Sivan„	14
Feb.„	29	Shusan Purim	Sivan„	15
Mar.	15	New Moon	Nisan	1
Mar.„	29	Festival of Passover	Sivan„	15
Mar.„	30	Festival of„ Passover„ 2nd day	Sivan„	16
April	4	Festival of„ Passover„ 7th day	Sivan„	21
Mar.„	5	Festival of„ Passover„ ends	Sivan„	22
Mar.„	14	New Moon	Yiar	1
May	1	Festival, 33rd day of Omer	Sivan„	18
Mar.„	13	New Moon	Sivan	1
Mar.„	18	Festival of Weeks	Sivan„	6
Mar.„	19	Festival of„ Weeks„ 2nd day	Sivan„	7
June	12	New Moon	Tamuz	1
Mar.„	28	Fast of Tamuz	Tamuz„	17
July	11	New Moon	Ab	1
Mar.„	19	Fast, Destruction of Temple	Ab„	9
Aug.	10	New Moon	Elul	1
Sept.	8	First day of New Year, 5657	Tishri	1
Mar.„	10	Fast of Guedaliah	Tishri„	3
Mar.„	17	Fast of Expiation	Tishri„	10
Mar.„	22	Feast of Tabernacles	Tishri„	15
Mar.„	28	Hosana Raba	Tishri„	21
Mar.„	29	Feast of the 8th day	Tishri„	22
Mar.„	30	Rejoicing of the Law	Tishri„	23
Oct.	8	New Moon	Hesvan	1
Nov.	6	New Moon	Kisley	1
Mar.„	30	Dedication of the Temple	Tishri„	1
Dec.	6	New Moon	Tebet	1
Mar.„	15	Fast, Siege of Jerusalem	Tebet„	10

Note.—All the Jewish Sabbaths, Festivals and Fasts commence the previous Evening at Sunset.

144. The Old Style or Russian Calendar.

Russian and Greek Dates or O.S.			New Style Dates used by rest of Christendom.
1896.			1897.
Dec.	25	Nativity	Jan.	6
1897.
Jan.	2	Circumcision	Jan.„	14
Jan.„	7	Theophany (Epiphany)	Jan.„	19
Feb.	3	Hypapante (Purification)	Feb.	15
Feb.„	5	Carnival Sunday	Feb.„	17
Feb.„	12	First Sunday in Lent	Feb.„	24
Mar.	10	Forty Martyrs	Mar.	22
Mar.„	18	Palm Sunday	Mar.„	30
Mar.„	23	Great Friday (Good Friday)	April	4
Mar.„	25	Holy Pasch (Easter Day)	April„	6
Mar.„	26	Annunciation of Theotokos	April„	7
April	24	S. George	May	6
May	3	Ascension	May„	15
May„	10	S. Nicolas	May„	22
May„	13	Pentecost (Whit Sunday)	May„	25
May„	14	Holy Ghost	May„	26
June	30	Peter and Paul, Chief Apostles	July	12
Aug.	2	First Day of Fast of Theotokos	July„	14
Aug.„	7	Transfiguration	July„	19
Aug.„	16	Repose of Theotokos (Assumption)	Aug.	28
Aug.„	31	S. Alexander Nevsky	Sep.	12
Sep.	9	Nativity of Theotokos	Sep.„	26
Sep.„	15	Exaltation of the Cross	Sep.„	27
Oct.	2	Patronage of Theotokos	Oct.	14
Oct.„	22	Accession of the Emperor[10]	Nov.	3
Oct.„	16	First Day Fast of the Nativity	Nov.„	28
Oct.„	22	Entrance of Theotokos	Dec.	4
Dec.	7	S. Nicolas	Dec.„	19
Dec.„	10	Conception of Theotokos	Dec.„	22

145. The Mohammedan Calendar.

1313.			1896.
1	Shaaban	corresponds to	January	17
1	Ramadin	{{{1}}}„	February	15
1	Shawall	{{{1}}}„	March	16
1	Dulkaada	{{{1}}}„	April	14
1	Dulheggia	{{{1}}}„	May	14
1314.			1896.
1	Muharran	{{{1}}}„	June	12
1	Saphar	{{{1}}}„	July	12
1	Rabia I.	{{{1}}}„	August	10
1	Rabia II.	{{{1}}}„	September	9
1	Jomada I.	{{{1}}}„	October	9
1	Jomada II.	{{{1}}}„	November	7
1	Rajab	{{{1}}}„	December	6

146. The Samvat Calendar.

1896.					1953.
March	15	i.e.	Chyt	-	Sudee	1
March„	30	i.e.„	Bysack	-	Budee	1
April	14	i.e.„	Bysack„	-	Sudee	1
April„	28	i.e.„	Jhyt	-	Budee 1st	1
May	13	i.e.„	Jhyt„	-	Sudee 1st	1
May„	27	i.e.„	Jhyt„	-	Budee 2nd	1
June	12	i.e.„	Jhyt„	-	Sudee 2nd	1
June„	26	i.e.„	Assar	-	Budee	1
July	11	i.e.„	Assar„	-	Sudee	1
July„	25	i.e.„	Sawun	-	Budee	1
August	10	i.e.„	Sawun„	-	Sudee	1
August„	24	i.e.„	Bhadoon	-	Budee	1
September	8	i.e.„	Bhadoon„	-	Sudee	1
September„	22	i.e.„	Kuar	-	Budee	1
October	7	i.e.„	Kuar„	-	Sudee	1
October„	22	i.e.„	Kartick	-	Budee	1
November	6	i.e.„	Kartick„	-	Sudee	1
November„	21	i.e.„	Aghan	-	Budee	1
December	5	i.e.„	Aghan„	-	Sudee	1
December„	21	i.e.„	Poos	-	Budee	1
December„	31	i.e.„	Poos„	-	Budee„	12

147. The Bengali Calendar.

1896.					1302.
January	1	-	i.e.	-	Pous	18
January„	14	-	{{{1}}}„	-	Magh	1
February	12	-	{{{1}}}„	-	Falgoon	1
March	13	-	{{{1}}}„	-	Choitro	1
April	12	-	{{{1}}}„	-	Boysack	1
May	13	-	{{{1}}}„	-	Joisto	1
June	14	-	{{{1}}}„	-	Assar	1
July	15	-	{{{1}}}„	-	Srabun	1
August	16	-	{{{1}}}„	-	Bhadro	1
September	16	-	{{{1}}}„	-	Assin	1
October	16	-	{{{1}}}„	-	Kartick	1
November	15	-	{{{1}}}„	-	Aughraun	1
December	15	-	{{{1}}}„	-	Pous	1
December„	31	-	{{{1}}}„	-	Pous„	17

Note.—The Christian Calendar is the same as in Britain, only the customary holidays are:—

New Year's Day	1 day
Good Friday	2 days
Empress's Birthday	1 day
Christmastide	4 days

Also certain holy days of the other religions are also added to the foregoing by yearly proclamations.

148. The Chinese Lunar Reckoning.^[11]

1895.
July	22	-	6th month 1st day 21st year[12]
August	20	-	7th month„ 1st day„ 21st year„
September	18	-	8th month„ 1st day„ 21st year„
October	18	-	9th month„ 1st day„ 21st year„
November	16	-	10th month„ 1st day„ 21st year„
December	16	-	11th month„ 1st day„ 21st year„
1896.
January	14	-	12th month„ 1st day„ 21st year„
February	13	-	1st month„ 1st day„ 22nd year„
March	14	-	2nd month„ 1st day„ 22nd year„
April	13	-	3rd month„ 1st day„ 22nd year„
May	12	-	4th month„ 1st day„ 22nd year„
June	11	-	5th month„ 1st day„ 22nd year„
July	10	-	6th month„ 1st day„ 22nd year„
August	9	-	7th month„ 1st day„ 22nd year„
September	7	-	8th month„ 1st day„ 22nd year„
October	6	-	9th month„ 1st day„ 22nd year„
November	5	-	10th month„ 1st day„ 22nd year„
December	4	-	11th month„ 1st day„ 22nd year„
1897.
January	2	-	12th month„ 1st day„ 22nd year„

149. The Clog Calendar.^[13]

1. In order to fix a certain date, the parish minister depored as to the accuracy of a marriage certificate, as ‘in remote districts little attention is paid to the calendar, people measuring time as so many days or weeks before or after some well-known event.’ See report of Chacheod’s trial for murder; Inverness, 31st Sep., 1831.
2. By the statute 4 and 5 Will IV, cap: 57. Six years before these Nautical Almanacs were exempted from duty.
3. Brewer, p. 36.
4. The American originators of this scheme intend to submit same to an International Congress at the Paris Exhibition in 1900. Doubtless these gentlemen were aware of the S.T. Report of 1888, which mentions the difficulties of the earliest chronology how 'uncertainty grows from years into decades, and from decades into centuries, until, in the earliest existing traditions it becomes supreme."
5. See section 20 supra.
6. The Romans, of course, had no weeks, although Cicero uses hebdomas to indicate the critical seventh day in diseases.
7. Abolished. See section 94 supra.
8. Abolished. See section 94 supra.
9. Abolished. See section 94 supra.
10. This date in 1896 (the coronation) is in contradistinction to the accession of the present Czar.
11. Computed by myself.
12. The present Emperor, Keang Hsii, acceded to the throne on 6th month, 5th day—12th January, 1895.
13. Refer to see 50 supra. In Chambers's "Book of Days," vol. I., p. 9, there is a very interesting description of the above calendar. "The feasts," it is pointed out, "were denoted by symbols resembling hieroglyphics, in a manner which will be best understood by examples. Thus a peculiarly-shaped emblem referred to Circumcisio Domini on 1st January.…St. John the Baptist, having been beheaded with a sword, his day (June 24th) was graced with that implement. St. Lawrence had his gridiron on the 10th of August." In looking at the above plate, it must be kept in mind that it represents the four sides of a square stick, which was about eight inches long. The stick was usually hung up in some convenient corner of the mediæval dwelling-house. Mr. William Andrews, F.R.H.S., of Hull, in his "Old Church Lore," devotes a chapter to the Clog Calendar, under the title of "Symbols of the Saints." Our illustration is from his volume.