Creation by Evolution/Index
INDEX
| PAGE | |
| Abreu, Madame, observations of behaviour of apes by | 303, 308–309 |
| Abyssinia, butterflies from | 184 |
| Adaptive radiation, definitions of | 157, 330 |
| Africa, ant from, figure showing | 221 |
| butterflies of | 184 |
| elephants of | 238 |
| Africa, South, Permian climate of | 285 |
| Agassiz, Louis, cited | 69, 102, 103 |
| Alaska, former connection of, with Siberia | 86, 91–92, 227–229, 230 |
| remains of horses found in | 230 |
| Alga, figures showing | 146 |
| Allantois, advantages of evolution of | 331 |
| Allen, Joel A., cited | 7 |
| Amauris niavius, figure showing | 184 |
| Amazon region, butterflies of | 180 |
| Amnion, advantages of evolution of | 331 |
| Amoeba, nature of | 145 |
| studies of evolutionary changes in | 26–33 |
| views of | 27 |
| Amphibia, features and habits of | 259, 279–280 |
| origin of | 278–281 |
| Amphioxus, reference to | 274, 332 |
| Ancestral features of embryo, discrimination of | 70–71 |
| Anchitherium, geological age of | 226 |
| Andrews, Roy C, cited | 287 |
| Animals, development of structure of | 124–127 |
| domestic breeding of, significance of | 112 |
| earliest known | 257 |
| evolutionary increase in size and efficiency of | 328–332 |
| expressions of emotions of | 295 |
| geographic distribution of | 81–101 |
| Ant, figure showing Tertiary form of | 215 |
| vestigial wings of | 35, 36 |
| Ants, colony of, figure showing | 218 |
| distribution of | 217–218 |
| diversity in form and habits of | 218–219 |
| evolution of, chapter on | 210–224 |
| feeding habits of | 219 |
| figures showing | 215, 217–222 |
| fossil, study of | 214–216 |
| fungus chamber of, figure showing | 219 |
| habits of | 217–218 |
| Ants, modification of forms of | 222–223 |
| sexual trimorphism of | 216 |
| social organization of | 218–219 |
| social parasitism of | 220–221 |
| subfamilies of | 216–217 |
| structure and behaviour of, modification of, by evolution | 222 |
| Ape-fissure, reference to | 322 |
| Ape-man of Trinil, features of | 134, 266 |
| Apes, dentition of | 44 |
| figures showing | 297, 300, 302, 304 |
| genealogical relations of, to man | 21–22 |
| human side of | 293–310 |
| skulls of, features of | 133 |
| Apteryx, flightless bird of New Zealand, reference to | 99 |
| vestigial wings of | 38 |
| Arachnida, general features of | 51 |
| Archaeopteryx, form and features of | 251–253 |
| reference to | 18, 368 |
| restoration of | 251 |
| Archaeornis, reference to | 263 |
| Archaeozoic era, length of | 161 |
| Argentina, fossils of | 87 |
| Aristotle, reference to | 140 |
| Arthropoda, general features and subdivisions of | 50–51 |
| Asia, former connection of, with North America | 86, 91–92, 227–229, 230 |
| Asiatic islands, geology and zoology of | 93–94 |
| Atomic evolution, phases of | 358–361 |
| Australia, ant from, figure showing | 217 |
| zoological isolation of | 85–86 |
| Backboned animals, early forms of | 127–128 |
| Bacon, Francis, cited | 113 |
| Barrell, Joseph, cited | 288 |
| Basement complex of American rocks, reference to | 271 |
| Bates, Henry Walter, cited | 174, 180 |
| Batesian mimicry, reference to | 181 |
| Bather, Francis Arthur, chapter by | 102–111 |
| Bee, bumble, features and habits of | 200–205, 208 |
| carpenter, form, nests, and habits of | 198–199 |
| honey, features and habits of | 187–194 |
| in flight, figure showing | 192 |
| larva of, figure showing | 192 |
| lessons and laws derived from a study of | 193 |
| larva of | 191 |
| queen, life and labor of | 189–191 |
| worker, life and labor of | 191–193 |
| leaf-cutting, features and habits of | 196–197 |
| mason, form and habits of | 197–198 |
| mosquito, form and habits of | 199–200 |
| solitary, features, nests, and habits of | 195–196 |
| stingless, form and habits of | 199 |
| swarm of, figure showing | 188 |
| Beehive, complexity of | 187–188 |
| evolution of | 186–209 |
| Beeswax, production and manipulation of | 188 |
| Belt series, fossils found in | 271 |
| Bergson, Henri, cited | v |
| Bermuda, forms of life on | 97–98 |
| Bernard, Claude, cited | 145 |
| Berry, Edward Wilber, chapter by | 156–173 |
| figure cited from work by | 165 |
| Bible, quotation from | 324 |
| Bichir, reference to | 278 |
| Biogenesis, modes of | 50, 52, 142–143 |
| Biogenetics, general law in | 50, 52 |
| Bird, changes in senses of | 249 |
| evolution of | 243–254, 367–369 |
| flight of, regulation of | 248–249 |
| heart and circulation of | 245 |
| ovary of, vestigial | 37 |
| reptilian ancestor of | 243–254, 259–261 |
| reptilian features of | 250 |
| vestigial wings of species of | 37–38 |
| view showing | 253 |
| Birds with teeth, examples of | 261 |
| Blood tests of evolution, methods and results of | 365–367 |
| Bolton, H., cited | 121 |
| Bonnet monkey, experiments made with | 298–300 |
| Bonnet, Charles, cited | 63 |
| Borneo and other islands, former connection of, with Asia | 86 |
| Boyesen, H. H., cited | 12 |
| Brachyura, general features of | 51 |
| Brain, evolution of, chapter on | 311–326 |
| functions of different parts of | 323 |
| Brazil, ant from, figure showing | 217 |
| butterflies of | 180, 181 |
| Breeder of animals, significance of work done by | 112 |
| British Columbia, fossils from | 257–258 |
| Brocket of Chili, reference to | 90–91 |
| Brooklyn Botanic Garden, “family tree” shown at | 137–139 |
| Broom, cited | 284 |
| Brues, C. T., figures made from photographs taken by | 215, 217 |
| Bull-dog ants, figure showing | 217 |
| Bumble-bee, cells in hive of | 206, 207 |
| features and habits of | 200–205, 208 |
| nest of, figures showing | 202, 203 |
| Burchell, William John, reference to work done by | 181 |
| Butterflies, changes of colour in | 179–180 |
| figures of | 183, 184 |
| metamorphosis of | 183 |
| Butterflies and moths, evolution shown by | 174–185 |
| Cambrian period, events of | 161 |
| forms of life of | 127 |
| Cambrian period, fossils of | 258 |
| source of name of | 159 |
| Camel family, geologic history of | 83 |
| Camptonotis, view showing | 218 |
| nests of | 222 |
| Cape Verde Islands, source of animals and plants of | 97 |
| Carboniferous period, events of | 161 |
| ganoids of | 130 |
| plant of, restoration of | 166 |
| source of name of | 160 |
| Carder bee, habits of | 198 |
| Carnivora, results of blood tests of | 367 |
| Carpenter bee, form, habits, and nests of | 198–199 |
| Casteel, figures cited from | 189, 192 |
| Cat, features of eye of | 42 |
| Catfish (Clarias), evolution of | 52–53 |
| Cave animals, vestigial eyes of | 37 |
| Cell division, modes of reproduction by | 146 |
| Cell fusion, modes of reproduction by | 146 |
| Cenozoic era, forms of life of | 160, 161 |
| length of | 161 |
| plants of | 161, 170 |
| Centetes, reference to | 287 |
| Central America, butterflies of | 180 |
| mammals of | 87–91 |
| Tertiary uplift of | 90, 91 |
| Cephalaspis, reference to | 273, 274 |
| Chalk of England, fishes of | 132 |
| fossils from, studies of | 120–121 |
| sea urchins from, changes in species of | 109–110 |
| studies of sea urchins of | 117–119 |
| vertebrates of | 128 |
| Changes in form of animals, tendency of | 131 |
| Chemical origin of forms of life, theory of | 142 |
| Cheshire, figure cited from | 190 |
| Chimpanzee, experiments with | 300–302 |
| human characters of | 294 |
| observations of behaviour of | 300–301, 302, 303–306, 309 |
| view showing building operations of | 300 |
| Chlorophyll, development of, consequences of | 158 |
| reference to | 146 |
| Chordates, earliest forms of | 273–275 |
| Cinnamon fern, figure showing | 146 |
| Circulus, term suggested for groups of animals | 119, 120, 122 |
| Clarias, evolution of | 52–53 |
| Club moss, figure showing | 146 |
| reference to | 160, 165 |
| Cœnogenetic features of embryo, discrimination of | 70–71 |
| Colaptes, evidence of evolution afforded by | 7–8 |
| Comb of honey-bee’s hive, figures showing | 189, 190 |
| Comoro Islands, butterflies of | 184 |
| Conklin, Edwin Grant, chapter by | 62–80 |
| Conklin, Edwin Grant, cited | 9 |
| Connecting and missing links in the ascent to man, chapter on | 255–269 |
| Continuity of life, geologic record of | 268 |
| Corals of Cutch, India, variations noted in | 119–120, 122 |
| Corbin, W. E., figures made from photographs taken by | 226 |
| Cordaites, figure showing restoration of | 166 |
| reference to | 164 |
| Cormorant, flightless, of Galapagos Islands | 99 |
| Crab, hermit, genesis of | 51–52 |
| Cretaceous period, events of | 161 |
| fishes of | 131–132 |
| plants of | 167–169 |
| source of name | 160 |
| vertebrates of | 128 |
| Crossopts, reference to | 277–278 |
| Crow, cited | 308 |
| Crustacea, general features of | 51 |
| Cutch, India, studies of corals of | 119–120 |
| Cuttlefishes, evidence of evolution afforded by | 15 |
| Cuvier, Georges, cited | 114 |
| Cycadofilex, figure showing | 148 |
| Cycadofilices, reference to | 146 |
| Cycads, age of, reference to | 165 |
| figures showing | 146, 147, 167, 168 |
| line of descent of | 147 |
| Cycas revoluta, figures showing | 146, 147 |
| Cynodonts, features of | 283, 284 |
| reference to | 262–263 |
| Darwin, Charles Robert, cited | 16, 19-20, 69, 77, 81, 114, 115, 152, 153, 155, 291, 294, 322–323, 338, 363, 364 |
| reference to work done by | vi, 153 |
| Dawn-man, features of | 134 |
| Deer, evolutionary changes in | 132 |
| Development, causes of | 75–77 |
| course of | 65–68 |
| nature of | 62–64 |
| relations of, to religion | 77 |
| Devonian period, events of | 161 |
| fishes of | 129–130, 275–278, 280 |
| plants of | 160–165 |
| Dicotyledons, line of descent of | 147 |
| Difflugia corona, studies of evolution of | 26–31 |
| views of | 27, 30, 30 |
| Dinichthys, features of | 130 |
| Dinoponera grandis, figure of | 217 |
| Dipnoans, evolution of | 277 |
| Dodo, loss of power of flight by | 99 |
| Domestic animals, significance of breeding of | 112 |
| Dromotherium, reference to | 285 |
| Drone bee, figure of | 187 |
| Drosophila, mutations of | 19, 32 |
| Dryden, John, citation made from translation of Vergil by | 193 |
| Dryopithecus, features of | 133, 288 |
| Dubois, discovery of Pithecanthropus by | 266 |
| Duck-bill, early teeth of | 176–177 |
| features of | 176 |
| references to | 262, 286 |
| Dufour and Perris, figure cited from | 194 |
| Ear, human, vestigial parts of | 40–41 |
| Earth, evolution of | 270–271 |
| Echidna, features of | 176 |
| Edentata, habitat of | 87 |
| Egg, course of development from | 65–68, 76 |
| nature of | 65–68 |
| study of development of | 63–64 |
| Egg-laying mammals, origin of | 284–286 |
| Egypt, fossils from | 288 |
| Elephant, evolution of | 232–241 |
| figures showing | 232, 240 |
| fossil remains of, wide distribution of | 232–233 |
| head and molar teeth of, changes in | 239 |
| living species of | 232 |
| overgrowth of tusks of | 132 |
| Elephas falconi, reference to | 238 |
| Elephas melitensis, reference to | 238 |
| Elephas primigenius, features of | 237 |
| Elliot, Smith, G., chapter by | 311–326 |
| cited | 289, 393 |
| Embryo, coenogenetic features of | 70–71 |
| example of | 54 |
| features of human | 56–58, 60 |
| palingenetic features of | 70–71 |
| Embryology, evidence of evolution afforded by | 18–19, 49–61, 62–80 |
| Embryonic and larval states, relations of | 54–57 |
| Eoanthropus, features of | 134 |
| reference to | 21 |
| Eocene epoch, animals of | 287, 288 |
| horses of | 226, 227 |
| mastodon of | 233 |
| place of, in geological time table | 161 |
| Eohippus, figures showing | 226, 227, 229 |
| geological age of | 226, 227 |
| view comparing modern horse with | 230 |
| Eospermatopteris, figure showing | 163 |
| Eozoön canadense, reference to | 271 |
| Epihippus, geological age of | 226, 227 |
| Equus, figures showing | 226, 229 |
| kinds of | 226–232 |
| Equus giganteus, geological age of | 230 |
| Equus scotti, view of skeleton of | 226 |
| Eras, periods, and epochs of geological history, table showing | 160 |
| Eusthenopteron, reference to | 277–278 |
| Evolution, causes of | 75–77 |
| comparison of theory of special creation with | 242–243 |
| conditions influencing | 6–7 |
| cosmic, features of | 355–357, 362–363 |
| cumulative evidence for | 355–371 |
| definitions of | 1–2, 64, 210, 211–212, 340–345 |
| fanciful objections to | 178 |
| features of atomic form of | 358–361 |
| fields of study in | 213 |
| geographical evidences of | 15–16 |
| geologic phases of | 357–358 |
| meaning of term | 1–12, 24 |
| mind in | 340–354 |
| moulding factors of | 6 |
| present occurrence of | 24–33 |
| relations of religion to | 77 |
| progress shown in | 21, 22, 337–339 |
| shown by development of the individual organism | 49–61 |
| slow progress of | 24–26 |
| test of | 174–175 |
| uplifting effect of idea of | 20–22 |
| Eye, human, vestigial part of | 41–42 |
| Family tree of plant life, difficulties of determining | 149 |
| table and figure showing | 137–139 |
| Faunas, extinction of | 84 |
| Feathers, evolution of | 244 |
| Fern, earliest, figure showing | 163 |
| seed-bearing, figure showing | 148 |
| Field, B. C, fossils from | 257–258 |
| Fishes, early evolution of | 275–278 |
| evolutionary changes in | 129–132 |
| features of | 280 |
| features of fossil forms of | 275–278 |
| geminate pairs of | 8 |
| Flowering plants, rise of | 170 |
| Fleischman, figure cited from | 192 |
| Folding and crushing of beds of rock, evidences of | 107–108 |
| Foot and hand, human, ancient origin of | 279–280 |
| Forest ape, features of | 133 |
| Forest horses, migrations of | 228 |
| Fossil plants, story told by | 156–173 |
| Fossils, evidence of evolution afforded by | 58–59, 127–136, 143, 156–173 |
| North and South American, differences between | 88–91 |
| France, flora of, subgeneric divisions of | 115 |
| Fuligo septica, view of | 145 |
| Function and structure, coordination of | 67–68 |
| Gager, C. Stuart, chapter by | 137–155 |
| figure reproduced from work by | 146, 150, 152 |
| Galapagos Islands, evolution shown by fauna of | 15–16 |
| flightless cormorant of | 99 |
| forms of life on | 96–97 |
| Gangamopteris, figure showing | 164 |
| Ganoid fishes, features of | 129–130, 277–278 |
| Geddes, Patrick, cited | 2 |
| Gegenbaur, cited | 71 |
| Geminate pairs of species, reference to | 8 |
| Geographical distribution of animals, chapter on | 81–101 |
| Geological increase in complexity of forms of plants, diagram showing | 157 |
| Geological periods, sources of names of | 159–160 |
| table showing | 160 |
| Geological record, reference to | 103–104, 267–268 |
| Geological table showing the evolution of the horse | 226 |
| Geological time table | 160 |
| Ginkgo, reference to | 166 |
| Gipsy moth, useless wings of female | 36 |
| Glossopteris flora, figure showing typical members of | 164 |
| reference to | 164 |
| Gundersen, Alfred, “family tree” devised by | 137–139 |
| Gobi, desert of, fossils found in | 287 |
| Goethe, J. W. von, reference to observations made by | 17 |
| Goldring, figure cited from | 163 |
| Goose, common, and Chinese goose, fertile hybrid produced by | 116 |
| Gorilla, brain of | 317–321 |
| Grand Canyon, reference to | 358 |
| Gray, Asa, reference to | 115 |
| Great Britain, zoological identity of, with European continent | 93 |
| Great Britain and Ireland, former geographic unity of | 86 |
| Gregory, John Walter, chapter by | 112–123 |
| Gregory, William King, chapter by | 270–292 |
| Gymnosperms, age of | 165 |
| Haeckel, Ernst, cited | 69–70 |
| Hair, derivation of | 176 |
| Hair-cap moss, figure showing | 147 |
| Hand, human, ancient origin of | 279 |
| Hare and rabbit, fertile hybrid produced by | 116 |
| Harrison, cited | 179 |
| Hartman, C. T., figure made from photograph by | 219 |
| Harvey, William, famous dictum of | 65 |
| Hawaiian Islands, peculiar animals of | 98 |
| Hawkins, H. L., cited | 121 |
| Heidelberg, Germany, early human skull found near | 135, 267 |
| Heilmann, restoration of Archaeopteryx by | 251 |
| Hellmann, Milo, collaboration by | 290 |
| Heredity, influence of | 6 |
| Hermit crab, genesis of | 51–52 |
| Hipparion, geological age of | 226, 230 |
| Hippidium, geological age of | 226 |
| Hodson, Arnold, butterflies collected by | 184, 185 |
| Holarctic zoological region, limits of | 84–85 |
| Holmes, Samuel Jackson, chapter by | 293–310 |
| Homology, evidence of, confirmed by blood tests | 367 |
| explanation of | 72 |
| Homunculus, speculations concerning | 63 |
| Honeycomb, features of | 188–189 |
| Honey-bee, evolution of | 186–209 |
| features and habits of | 187–194 |
| figure of, on the wing | 192 |
| lessons and laws derived from a study of | 193 |
| Hooker, Joseph, citation of, by Darwin | 115 |
| Horse, early home of | 227 |
| Eohippus compared with | 230 |
| evolutionary changes in | 230–231, 264–265 |
| figures showing evolution of | 226, 229 |
| fore foot and teeth of, figure showing evolution of | 229 |
| geological table showing evolution of | 226 |
| kinds of | 226–232 |
| skeleton of, figure showing | 226 |
| vestigial organs of | 39–40 |
| Hubbard, J. G., and Strong, O. S., figure made from photograph by | 218 |
| Human and other brains, comparison of | 316–321 |
| Human ear, vestigial parts of | 40–41 |
| Human embryo, features of | 56–58, 60 |
| Human eye, vestigial part of | 41–42 |
| Human side of apes, chapter on | 293–310 |
| Human skulls, ape characters of early forms | 133 |
| Human teeth, vestigial nature of some | 44–45 |
| Humble-bee, features and habits of | 200–205, 208 |
| nest of, figures showing | 202, 203 |
| Huxley, Julian Sorrell, chapter by | 327–339 |
| cited | 251 |
| Huxley, Thomas Henry, cited | 2, 102–103, 121, 144, 259, 287 |
| Hyatt, cited | 120 |
| Hybrids, fertile, examples of | 116 |
| Hyenia, figure showing | 164 |
| reference to | 160 |
| Hylodes, embryonic and larval stages in | 55–56 |
| Hypothesis, definition and character of | 143–144 |
| Hypohippus, geologic age of | 226 |
| Ice Age, references to | 161, 170–172 |
| India, apes of, great variety shown by | 133–134 |
| corals of, studies of | 119–120 |
| fossils from | 288 |
| remains of apes found in | 267 |
| Indians, North American, activities of | 186–187 |
| Individual development comparable with racial development | 77 |
| Insecta, general features of | 51 |
| Insectivora, reference to | 265 |
| Insects, evolution shown by | 18 |
| flightless species of | 100 |
| Islands, oceanic and continental, definition of | 92–93 |
| | |
| Jacobson’s organ in human embryo, figure showing | 45 |
| Japanese cycads, figure showing | 168 |
| Java, ape-man of | 134, 135 |
| former connection of, with Asia | 86 |
| Jennings, Herbert Spencer, chapter by | 24–33 |
| Johnson, Martin, figure taken from work by | 232, 240 |
| Jordan, David Starr, chapter by | 1–12 |
| and Evermann, Barton Warren, cited | 91 |
| “Jordan’s law,” reference to | 7 |
| Jurassic period, cycads of | 168 |
| events of | 161 |
| fishes of | 130–131 |
| floras of | 165–166, 168–169 |
| flying animals of | 260–262 |
| Keith, Sir Arthur, cited | 289 |
| Kerguelen land, flightless insects of | 100 |
| Kiaer, Johann, cited | 273 |
| Kiwi, vestigial wings of | 38, 39 |
| Köhler, W., cited | 304–305, 306, 307 |
| experiments made with apes by | 300–302 |
| figures reproduced from work by | 300, 302 |
| Kowalevsky, cited | 73 |
| Krakatau, restocking of, by animals and plants | 95 |
| Kräusel and Weyland, figure cited from | 164 |
| Kurile Islands, former connection of, with Asia | 86 |
| Lamborn, W. A., study of butterflies by | 184 |
| Land plants, first appearance of | 160 |
| Lang, figure made from photograph by | 222 |
| Lankester, Ray, cited | 121 |
| Lanugo, vestigial nature of | 45–46 |
| Larva, example of | 54 |
| Larval and embryonic states, relations of | 54–57 |
| Leaf-cutting bees, form and habits of | 196–197 |
| nests of, figure showing | 197 |
| Lepus darwinii, a fertile hybrid | 116 |
| Life, chemical theory of origin of | 142 |
| continuity of | 255–256 |
| definition of | 4–6 |
| early forms and attributes of | 127–128, 144–145, 270–272 |
| sources of | 3–4 |
| tree of, illustration symbolizing | Frontispiece |
| unbroken continuity of | 268 |
| Lilium martagon, figure showing | 152 |
| Limulus, evolutionary place of | 367 |
| Lineage of man, chapter on | 270–292 |
| Links in the ascent to man, chapter on | 255–269 |
| Linnaeus, Carolus, cited | 114, 286 |
| Lion, brain of | 317–318 |
| London basin, diagrammatic section across | 106 |
| Loomis, Frederic Brewster, chapter by | 225–241 |
| Lucas, F. A., cited | 251 |
| Lull, Richard Swann, chapter by | 255–269 |
| figure cited from work of | 239 |
| “Lumpers” (a school of naturalists), reference to | 115 |
| Lycopodium clavatum, figure showing | 146 |
| Lycorea halia, reference to | 181 |
| McCabe, Joseph, cited | 211 |
| MacBride, Ernest William, chapter by, on evolution as shown by the development of the individual organism | 49–61 |
| Mackenzie, J, F., cited | 141 |
| Macrozamia Moorei, view showing | 147 |
| Macrura, general features of | 51 |
| Madagascar, butterflies from | 184 |
| Madeira, flightless insects of | 100 |
| forms of life on | 97–98 |
| Maeterlinck, Maurice, cited | 193 |
| Magnolia, flower of, view showing | 147 |
| Malacostrata, general features of | 51 |
| Malta, elephants of | 238 |
| Mammalia, establishment of class of | 286 |
| Mammalian development, lines of | 263–264 |
| Mammalian life in North and South America in Tertiary time, differences between | 88–91 |
| Mammal-like reptiles, features of | 282–284 |
| Mammals, differences and links between reptiles and | 285–286 |
| egg-laying, origin of | 284–286 |
| placental, origin of | 286–288 |
| Mammoth, features of | 237–238 |
| Man, disputed species of | 115 |
| genealogical relations of apes to | 21–22 |
| lineage of | 265–266, 270–292 |
| ontogeny of | 74–75 |
| remote progenitor of | 290–291 |
| vestigial organs of | 40–47 |
| Manatee, features of | 264 |
| Mason bees, features and habits of | 197–198 |
| Mastodon, evolution of head and molar teeth of | 239 |
| fossil remains of | 233–237 |
| Mastodon atticus, features of | 235 |
| Mastodon longirostris, features of | 235 |
| Mauer, Germany, early human skull found near | 135 |
| May-fly, larval life of | 58 |
| Megalichthys, reference to | 277–278 |
| Megasporophyll of cycad, figure showing | 147 |
| Mendel, Gregor, reference to work done by | 152–153 |
| Merychippus, figures showing | 226, 229 |
| geological age of | 226 |
| Mesohippus, figures showing | 226, 229 |
| geological age of | 226 |
| Mesohippus, view of skeleton of | 226 |
| Mesozoic era, events of | 161, 164 |
| periods of | 160 |
| plants of | 161, 164–165 |
| Metabolism, definition of | 145 |
| Micraster corbovis, variant forms of | 117–119 |
| Microconodon, reference to | 285 |
| Millikan, Robert Andrews, cited | 361 |
| Milton, John, cited | 113 |
| Mind, organs of | 314–315 |
| Mind in evolution, chapter on | 340–354 |
| growing dominance of | 21 |
| Miocene epoch, animals of, in North and South America | 88–91, 288 |
| apes of, features of skulls of | 133 |
| dinotheres of | 236 |
| horses of | 226, 228 |
| mastodons of | 234–235 |
| place of, in geological time table | 161 |
| Miohippus, geological age of | 226 |
| Missing and connecting links in the ascent to man, chapter on | 255–269 |
| Mniotiltidae, evidence of evolution afforded by | 8 |
| Moa, reference to | 99 |
| Moeritherium, features of | 233 |
| form of head and molar teeth of | 239 |
| Mongolia, fossils found in | 287 |
| Monkeys, dentition of | 44 |
| Monocotyledons, line of descent of | 147 |
| Monomorium rothsteini, figure showing | 35 |
| Monomorium subapterum, vestigial wings of | 35, 36 |
| Monophylectic hypothesis, outline of | 146–149, 150 |
| Monotremes, reference to | 262 |
| Montlivaltia, variations noted in | 119–120, 122 |
| Morality, foundations of | 297 |
| Morgan, C. Lloyd, chapter by | 340–354 |
| cited | v |
| Morgan, T. H., studies of Drosophila by | 31 |
| Mosquito bee, features and habits of | 199–200, 207 |
| Moss, hair-cap, figure showing | 147 |
| Moths and butterflies as evidence of evolution, chapter on | 174–185 |
| Mousterian man, features of | 135 |
| Müller, Fritz, cited | 181 |
| Müllerian mimicry, reference to | 180 |
| Mutants, features of | 369 |
| Mycetosoritis hartmani, figure showing | 220 |
| fungus chamber of | 219 |
| nest of | 219 |
| Myrmecia tarsata, view of | 217 |
| Myxomycete, figure showing | 144, 145 |
| Myxomycetes, character of | 145 |
| Nathorst, restoration of Wielandiella by | 167 |
| Natural selection, reference to | 20 |
| Natural selection, work of | 6 |
| Naturalists, schools of | 115 |
| Neanderthal man, features of | 135 |
| reference to | 266–267 |
| Neotropical animals, examples of | 89–90 |
| Neotropical zoological region, limits of | 85 |
| Neuropteridium, figure showing | 164 |
| Neuropteris heterophylla, figure showing | 148 |
| Newman, Horatio Hackett, chapter by | 355–371 |
| New Zealand, flightless bird of | 99 |
| North America, former connection of Asia with | 86, 91–92, 227–229, 230 |
| Pleistocene animals of | 90 |
| Tertiary animals of | 88–91 |
| North Carolina, remains of Triassic mammal-like reptiles from | 285 |
| Norway, fossil fish-like forms from | 273 |
| Oceanic islands, forms of life on | 95–100 |
| geology of | 93–94 |
| zoology of | 94–100 |
| Oecophylla longinoda, figure of | 221 |
| nests of, figure showing | 222 |
| Oenothera, mutations of | 19 |
| Oligocene epoch, animals of | 288 |
| apes of, features of | 133 |
| horses of | 226, 228 |
| mastodons of | 233–234 |
| place of, in geological time table | 161 |
| Ontogeny, key to phylogeny furnished by | 74 |
| parallelism between phylogeny and | 64 |
| uncertainty of conclusions drawn from | 71 |
| Ordovician period, events of | 161 |
| Organisms, distinguishing characteristics of | 5–6 |
| early attributes of | 144–145 |
| Origin of life, theory of | 142 |
| Ornithorhynchus, early teeth of | 176–177 |
| features of | 176 |
| Orohippus, geological age of | 226, 227 |
| Osborn, Henry Fairfield, cited | 5, 287, 290 |
| foreword by | v–vi |
| Osmunda cinnamomea, view of | 146 |
| Osmunda regalis, reference to | 148 |
| Osteolepis, reference to | 277–278 |
| Ostracoderms, mode of locomotion of | 274–275 |
| reference to | 273, 274, 276–277 |
| Ostrich, competency of, to survive | 99 |
| Overgrowth of certain features, examples of | 132 |
| Ovules of cycad, figure showing | 146 |
| Oxford University Museum, collection of butterflies in | 181 |
| Palaeocene epoch, animals of | 287, 288 |
| Palaeomastodon, features of | 233–234 |
| form of head and molar teeth of | 239 |
| Palaeozoic era, animals of | 257–261 |
| Palaeozoic era, length of | 161 |
| life of | 161 |
| periods of | 159–161 |
| plants of | 162–164 |
| Palearctic region, animals of | 92 |
| Paleontologic record, meaning and validity of | 103–104, 106–110, 125–127 |
| Paleontology, development of | 125–127 |
| Paleozoic era, events of | 164 |
| Paley, William, cited | 337 |
| Palingenetic features of embryo, discrimination of | 70–71 |
| Paludina, view showing shells of | 120 |
| Panama, Isthmus of, geminate fishes on opposite sides of | 8 |
| uplift of | 89 |
| Papilio dardanus, figure showing | 184 |
| Parahippus, geological age of | 226 |
| Parapithecus, features of | 288 |
| Parasites, features of | 330–331 |
| Parker, George Howard, chapter on vestigial organs by | 34–48 |
| cited | 4–5 |
| Parker, Kitchin, reference to | 177 |
| Parker, Newton, reference to | 177 |
| Patten, William, cited | 273, 274 |
| Paussidae, fossil | 215 |
| Pelycosaurs, reference to | 282 |
| Penguin, loss of power of flight by | 99 |
| Peppered moth, variations of | 179 |
| Periods (geological) , table showing | 160 |
| Peripatus, reference to | 18 |
| Permian epoch, climate of | 285 |
| events of | 161 |
| fishes of | 130 |
| glaciation in | 164, 170 |
| mammal-like reptiles of | 282, 285 |
| source of name of | 160 |
| vertebrates of | 128 |
| Phalangeal formulas of different species | 283–284 |
| Philippines, former connection of, with Asia | 86 |
| Phiomia, features of | 234 |
| Phylogeny, relation of ontogeny to | 64, 74 |
| Pigeon, vestigial oviduct of | 37 |
| Pikerni, fossil mastodon from | 235 |
| Piltdown man, references to | 21, 134 |
| Pine, figure showing | 146 |
| Pinus sylvestris, figure showing | 146 |
| Pithecanthropus, features of | 134, 266 |
| reference to | 21, 288 |
| Pithicus sinicus, experiments made with | 298–300 |
| Placental mammals, origin of | 286–288 |
| Planets, evolution of | 355–357 |
| Plants, classification of | 138–139 |
| earliest land forms of | 160 |
| evolution of, chapter on | 137–155 |
| Plants, family tree of | 137–139 |
| increasing complexity of, during geological time, diagram showing | 157 |
| mode of evolution of | 143 |
| orders of, genealogical line of | 150, 151 |
| story told by fossil forms of | 156–173 |
| transformation of, by human agency | 141 |
| Platypus, early teeth of | 176–177 |
| features of | 176 |
| reference to | 262, 286 |
| Pleistocene epoch, ape-like men of | 135 |
| elephants of | 237–238, 239 |
| events of | 161, 170–172 |
| floras of | 171–172 |
| glaciation in | 170–173 |
| horses of | 230 |
| man-like animals of | 288 |
| plant migration in | 171–172 |
| Plesihippus, geologic age of | 226 |
| Pleurococcus vulgaris, figure showing modes of reproduction of | 146 |
| Pliocene epoch, animals of | 288 |
| apes of, features of skulls of | 133 |
| deer of | 132 |
| horses of | 229–230 |
| mastodons of | 234–235 |
| place of, in geological time table | 161 |
| stegodons of | 236–237 |
| Pliohippus, geological age of | 226, 230 |
| Polyphyletic hypothesis, outline of | 149, 151 |
| Polypterus, features of | 278 |
| Polyrachis, nests of | 222 |
| Polytrichum commune, figure showing | 147 |
| Potomac group of rocks, flora of, reference to | 167 |
| Poulton, Edward Bagnall, chapter by | 174–185 |
| cited | 113–114, 118–119 |
| Preformationists, doctrine of | 62–63, 65, 78–79 |
| Primates, establishment of order of | 286 |
| fossil record of | 265–267 |
| habitats of | 265–266 |
| migrations of | 265–266 |
| origin and evolution of | 288–291 |
| results of blood tests of | 367 |
| Primofilices, reference to | 146 |
| Pro-angiosperms, reference to | 147 |
| Progress shown in evolution, chapter on | 327–339 |
| Progression of life on earth, chapter on | 124–136 |
| Prosopis, figure showing nests of | 194 |
| Proterozoic era, length of | 161 |
| life of | 161, 271 |
| Protohippus, geological age of | 226 |
| Protolepidodendron, restoration of | 165 |
| Prototrophic organisms, examples of | 257 |
| Psalmist, quotation from | 324 |
| Psilophyton, figure showing | 162 |
| reference to | 160 |
| Pteridosperm, figure showing | 148 |
| reference to | 147 |
| Pterodactyls, features of | 260 |
| Python, vestigial legs of | 36, 37 |
| Quaternary period, events of | 161 |
| Queen bee, figure of | 187 |
| life and labors of | 189–191 |
| Rabbit, vermiform appendix of | 43 |
| Rabbit and hare, fertile hybrid produced by | 116 |
| Racial development, comparison of, with individual development | 77 |
| Rails, flying and flightless species of | 98–99 |
| Radiation, adaptive, definitions of | 157, 330 |
| Rallidae, flying and flightless species of | 98–99 |
| Ray, John, species founded by | 114 |
| Recapitulation theory, experimental demonstration of | 55–56 |
| reference to | 18–19 |
| sketch of | 68–75 |
| statement of | 50 |
| Record of the rocks, chapter on | 102–111 |
| Religion, relations of evolution to | 77 |
| Remane, cited | 290 |
| Reptile, derivation of bird from | 242–254, 367–369 |
| differences between mammal and | 285–286 |
| evolution of | 284–285 |
| evolutionary relations of bird to | 367 |
| heart and circulation of | 245 |
| links between mammal and | 286 |
| relations of, to bird, as shown by blood tests | 367–369 |
| Reptilian ancestry of birds, reference to | 243–254, 259–261, 367 |
| Rhea, competency of, to survive | 99 |
| Rhodesia, ancient skulls from | 136 |
| Robertson, Janet, restoration of fern by | 148 |
| Robinson, Alfred, figure reproduced from photograph by | 184 |
| Rock movements caused by uplift and crumpling, examples of | 107–108 |
| Rocks, record of, chapter on | 102–111 |
| Romanes, G. J., figure cited from | 36 |
| observations of the behaviour of monkeys by | 301–302 |
| Royal jelly of bees, uses of | 190, 191 |
| Rowe, A. W., studies of sea urchins by | 117–119 |
| Russia, remains of theromorphs from | 282 |
| St. Helena, peculiar animals of | 98 |
| Salamanders, larva and embryo of | 55 |
| Salamandra atra, nature of young of | 55 |
| Salamandra maculosa, experiments with | 53 |
| nature of young of | 55 |
| Schuchert, Charles, cited | 120 |
| Schuchert, Charles, and Walker, H., cited | 120 |
| Science, definition of | 9 |
| Scotch pine, figure showing | 146 |
| Scott, D. H., figure cited from work by | 148, 166 |
| Scott, William Berryman, chapter by | 81–101 |
| Sea urchins in Chalk of England, changes noted in species of | 109–110 |
| variant forms of | 117–119 |
| Seaweeds, fossil | 160 |
| Seed-bearing fern, figure showing | 148 |
| reference to | 160 |
| Segregation, effects of | 6–7 |
| Selaginella amoena, figure showing | 146 |
| Selenka, cited | 95 |
| Seymouria, features of | 281 |
| Shakespeare, quotations from | vii, 186 |
| Sharks, evolution of | 277 |
| Sheak, cited | 309 |
| Sherrington, Charles Scott, introduction by | vii–ix |
| Shipley, Arthur Everett, chapter by | 186–209 |
| Siberia, former connection of, with Alaska | 86, 91–92, 227–229, 230 |
| Sigillaria, reference to | 165 |
| Silurian period, events of | 161 |
| fishes and fish-like forms of | 129, 273 |
| fossils of | 258–259 |
| source of name of | 159 |
| Siwalik region of India, remains of apes found in | 267 |
| Size of animals, evolutionary increase in | 328 |
| Skulls, human, ape characters of early forms of | 133 |
| Sladen, figure cited from | 203 |
| Slime moulds, character of | 144, 145 |
| Smith, G. Elliot, chapter by | 311–326 |
| cited | 289, 393 |
| Smith, William, references to | 103, 126 |
| Snails, evidence of evolution afforded by | 15 |
| subspecific divisions of | 115 |
| Snake, vestigial legs of | 36, 37 |
| vestigial lung of | 37 |
| Solenhofen, Bavaria, fossil reptile-bird from | 260–261 |
| Solitaire, flightless bird of Mauritius, reference to | 99 |
| Solitary bee, cells of | 206 |
| nest of | 195 |
| Sonoran zoological region, location of | 85 |
| South Africa, climate of, in Permian time | 285 |
| South America, butterflies of, changes of colour in | 180–181 |
| migration of horses from North America to | 230 |
| Pleistocene animals of | 90 |
| Tertiary mammals of | 87–91 |
| Special creation and evolution, comparison of theories of | 242 |
| Specialization in evolution, consequences of | 158 |
| examples of | 329–332 |
| good and evil in | 336 |
| Species, an arbitrary, not a natural unit | 116 |
| Species, nature of, chapter on | 112–123 |
| origin of, conditions governing | 6–7 |
| uncertainty in defining | 115–116 |
| Spectroscope, revelations made by | 361–362 |
| Spencer, Herbert, cited | 113, 115, 116, 117, 352 |
| Spirit of the hive, reference to | 193 |
| Spirogyra, modes of reproduction of | 146 |
| “Splitters” (a school of naturalists), reference to | 115 |
| Spore-bearing leaf of cycad, figure showing | 146 |
| Stegodon, features of | 236–237 |
| form of head and molar teeth of | 239 |
| Stensiö, fossils collected by | 273–274 |
| Stewart, Charles, cited | 177 |
| Stingless bee, form and habits of | 199–200 |
| Strong, O. S., and Hubbard, J. G., figure made from photograph by | 218 |
| Structure and function, coordination of | 67–68 |
| Struggle for existence, reference to | 20 |
| Suns, evolution of | 355–357 |
| Survival of the fittest, limits of operation of | 7 |
| Swarm of bees, figure showing | 188 |
| Talgai, Queensland, Australia, fossil skull from | 134–135 |
| Teeth, derivation of | 175–176 |
| Teeth of apes and monkeys, features of | 44 |
| Teeth of man, vestigial elements in | 44–45 |
| Tenrec, reference to | 287 |
| Tertiary period, animals of, in North and South America | 88–91 |
| apes of, features of skulls of | 133 |
| climate of | 86 |
| deer of | 132 |
| events of | 161 |
| mammals of | 128–129 |
| uplift of Isthmus of Panama in | 89, 91 |
| Texas, ant from, figure showing | 220 |
| remains of theromorphs from | 282 |
| Theophrastus, classification of plants by | 139–140 |
| Theory, definition and character of | 143–144 |
| Theromorphs, features of | 282–284 |
| reference to | 281 |
| “Thinking wishly,” causes of | 9 |
| Thinopus, footprint of | 259 |
| Thomson, J. Arthur, chapter by | 13–23 |
| cited | 187 |
| Tilney, cited | 289 |
| Time table showing geological ages and periods | 161 |
| Tortoises of Galapagos Islands, reference to | 15–16 |
| Townsend piper, view of | 253 |
| Tree ants, nests of, figure showing | 222 |
| Tree frog, embryonic and larval stages in | 55–56 |
| Tree of life, illustration symbolizing | Frontispiece |
| Triassic period, events of | 161 |
| fishes of | 130 |
| Triassic period, mammal-like reptiles of | 263, 282, 284, 285 |
| plants of | 164 |
| source of name of | 160 |
| Trilophodon, features of | 234 |
| form of head and molar teeth of | 239 |
| Trinil, Java, ape-man of | 134, 266 |
| Trueman, A. E., cited | 121 |
| Turk’s cap lily, figure showing | 152 |
| Uganda, butterfly from | 184 |
| Ussher, James (Archbishop), cited | 10 |
| Vapourer moth, flightless female of | 182–183 |
| Variation, causes of | 6 |
| character and effect of | 6 |
| Vaughan, V. C, cited on the origin of life | 142 |
| Venezuela, butterflies of | 180 |
| Vergil, cited | 193 |
| Vermiform appendix, figure showing | 43 |
| inheritance of | 42–43, 47 |
| Vertebrates, early forms of | 127–128 |
| origin of | 272–273 |
| stages in evolution of | 275–278 |
| Vestigial organs, chapter on | 34–38 |
| definition of | 34–36 |
| examples of | 311–312 |
| reference to | 16–17 |
| Vivipara, view showing shells of | 120 |
| Von Baer’s law, statement of | 69 |
| Vries, Hugo de, cited | 117 |
| reference to work done by | 152, 153 |
| Waagen, cited | 116 |
| Wadjak, Java, features of ancient skulls from | 135–136 |
| Walcott, Charles Doolittle, early fossil remains found by | 271 |
| Walker, H., cited | 120 |
| Wallace, A. R., cited | 314 |
| Wapti, Mount, fossils from | 257–258 |
| Warblers, evidence of evolution afforded by | 8 |
| Watson, David Meredith Searles, chapter by | 242–254 |
| cited | 59 |
| Wax of honey-bees, production and manipulation of | 188 |
| Wayland and Kräusel, figure cited from | 164 |
| Wealden, floras of, reference to | 167 |
| Weaver ant, figure showing | 221 |
| nests of, figure showing | 222 |
| Whales, evolutionary place of | 367 |
| vestigial organs of | 38–39 |
| Wheeler, William Morton, chapter by | 210–224 |
| cited on useless wings of Monomorium subapterum | 36 |
| White, Gilbert, cited | 198 |
| Why we must be evolutionists, chapter on | 13–23 |
| Wieland, figure cited from | 168 |
| Wielandiella, restoration of | 167 |
| Williston, S. W., cited | 280 |
| Wilson, E. B., cited | 272 |
| Winchester, England, articles taken from trench dug at | 105–106 |
| Wisdom teeth of man, vestigial nature of | 44 |
| Wolff, Caspar Frederick, study of individual development by | 63 |
| Woodpeckers, evidence of evolution afforded by | 7–8 |
| Woodward, Arthur Smith, chapter by | 124–136 |
| Worker bee, figures of | 187, 189 |
| life and labors of | 191–193 |
| Yerkes, R. M., cited | 303–304, 307, 321 |
| experiments made with apes by | 300, 302–303 |
| Zoological regions, location and nomenclature of | 84–86 |