Graiméar na Gaedhilge/Appendix 9

by Christian Brothers

Appendix IX.

EARLY MODERN FORMS OF THE VERBS.

IS.

We give only those forms which have not already been given in the body of the Grammar.

Dependent Present: ‑rab; (as in gurab, that it is, darab, to which or whom it is; munab, if it is not).

Obsolete Dependent Present: ‑aḋ; (as in gonaḋ, that it is, danaḋ, to which or whom it is). This form occurs frequently in early modern writers. A remnant of it is found in the word gioḋ or giḋ, though it is.

Past: fa.

The form fa of the past though frequently found in early modern writers is now obsolete.

Dependent Past: ‑r ḃa (sometimes written ‑r ḃo), as in gur ḃa, that it was; dar ḃa, to whom or which it was; munar ḃa, if it was not; ar ḃa, was it? níor ḃa, it was not.

The full form of the Dependent Past, though sometimes found in early modern writers is now contracted to ‑rḃ’ before vowels, and to ‑r before consonants.

Subjunctive: Dámaḋ (dá mbaḋ), if it were; gémaḋ (gé mbaḋ), though it were.

TÁ.

Imperative.
1.	—	bímís, bíom.
2.	bí.	bíḋ, bíḋiḋ.
3.	bíoḋ	bídís.

Present Tense.
	Absolute.		Dependent.
1.	atáim	atámaoid.	fuilim	fuilimíd
2.	ataoi	atáṫaoi.	fuile (-ir)	fuiltí.
3.	atá	atáid.	fuil	fuilid.

Habitual Present.
1.	bím	bímíd.
2.	bír	bíṫí.
3.	bí(ḋ)	bid.

Past Tense.
	Absolute.		Dependent.
1.	ḃáḋas	ḃámar.	raḃas	raḃamar
2.	ḃáḋais	ḃáḃar.	raḃais	raḃaḃar.
3.	ḃí	ḃádar	raiḃe	raḃadar.

Future Tense.
1.	biad	biamaoid, biam.
2.	biair	biaṫaoi.
3.	biaiḋ, bia	biaid.

Relative: ḃias.

Conditional—Secondary Future.
1.	Ḃéinn	ḃéimís.
2.	ḃéiṫeá	ḃiaḋ siḃ
3.	ḃiaḋ, ḃeiṫ	ḃéidís.

Subjunctive Mood. Present Tense.
1.	raḃad	raḃmaoid, raḃam.
2.	raḃair	raḃṫaoi.
3.	raiḃe	raḃaid.

ENDINGS OF THE REGULAR VERBS IN EARLY MODERN IRISH.

The following is a table showing the various endings of the regular verbs in Early Modern Irish. It is not intended that these forms should be learned by the student; they are given merely for reference:—

Broad Terminations.			Slender Terminations.
Imperative.			Imperative.
	sing.	plu.		sing.	plu.
1.	—	‑am.	1.	—	‑eam.
2.	[root]	‑aiḋ.	2.	[root]	‑iḋ.
3.	‑aḋ.	‑(a)daois.	3.	‑eaḋ.	‑(i)dís.
Present Tense.			Present Tense.
1.	‑aim.	‑(a)maoid.	1.	‑im.	‑(i)míd.
2.	‑air.	‑taoi.	2.	‑ir.	‑tí.
3.	‑aiḋ.	‑aid.	3.	‑iḋ.	‑id.
Imperfect			Imperfect.
1.	‑ainn.	‑amaois.	1.	‑inn.	‑(i)mís.
2.	‑tá.	‑taoi.	2.	‑teá.	‑tí.
3.	‑aḋ.	‑(a)daois.	3.	‑eaḋ.	‑(i)dís.
Past.			Past.
1.	‑as.	‑amar.	1.	‑eas.	‑eamar.
2.	‑ais.	‑aḃar.	2.	‑is.	‑eaḃar.
3.	(no ending).	‑adar.	3.	(no ending)	‑eadar.
Future.			Future.
1.	‑fad.	‑fam(aoid)	1.	‑fead.	‑feam (fimíd)
2.	‑fair.	‑faoi.	2.	‑fir.	‑fí.
3.	‑faiḋ.	‑faid.	3.	‑fiḋ.	‑fid.
Conditional.			Conditional.
1.	‑fainn.	‑famaois.	1.	‑finn.	‑fimís.
2.	‑fá.	‑faoi.	2.	‑feá.	‑fí.
3.	‑faḋ.	‑fadaois.	3.	‑peaḋ.	‑fidís.

Irregular Verbs.

It is principally in the future tense that the inflexions of the irregular verbs in Early Modern Usage differ from the forms now generally used.

Future Tense
1.	(no termination)	am (‑maoid).
2.	air	taoi.
3.	a	aid.

The following verbs took no inflexion in the 3rd person singular of the present time. The forms in brackets are the dependent forms:—

Do-ḃeir (taḃair), deir (abair), do-ġeiḃ (faġaiḃ, faġḃann), do-ġní, do-ċí (faic), (cluin), tig, téid.

The following had no inflexion in the 1st person singular past tense :—

Aduḃairt, (duḃart), atċonnaċ (faca) tánag, cuala, ránag.

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