Graiméar na Gaedhilge/Part II Chapter VIII

by Christian Brothers

CHAPTER VIII.

Conjunctions.

451. The following is a list of the conjunctions in use at present:—

de ḃríġ go	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	because.	má, dá, if.
faoi ráḋ ’s go,			muna, mura, if … not.
cion is,			gideaḋ, however.
cion is go,			ċor leis sin,	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	moreover.
aċt, but, except.			rud eile (ḋe)
agus (a’s, is, ’s), and.			tuille fós,
idir … agus, both … and.			tuille eile,
an (ar), whether (interrog.)			mar, as.
ar a ṡon go,	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	although.	ná, than; nor.
siúd is go,			go (gur), that.
ciḋ, giḋ,			mar is go, as though.
cé go, giḋ go,			i dtreo go (naċ),	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	so that (not).
go,	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	until (with verbs).	ar nós go (naċ),
nó go,			ar ṁoḋ go (naċ),
aċt go,			i gcás go (naċ),
go dtí go,			ar ċor go (naċ),
ċoṁ luaṫ as,	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	as soon as.	ar ḋóiġ go (naċ),
dá luas ⁊,			i gcaoi go (naċ),
an túisge go,			ionnus go (naċ),[1]
fós, yet, still.			seaċas, compared with.
sul; sar,	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	before.	nó, or.
sul a dtí,			ó, since, because.
sul má dtí,			ó naċ, since … not.
sul dá dtí,			óir, for, because.

maiseaḋ, well, if so.	ó ṫárla go, whereas.
uime sin, therefore, wherefore.	tar ċeann, moreover, besides, furthermore.
ar an áḋḃar sain, therefore.	naċ	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	that … not.
mar sin féin, even so.	ná, ná go,
bíoḋ go, although, whether … or.

452. In Munster “that.. not” is usually translated by NÁ followed by the dependent form of the verb. NÁ neither aspirates nor eclipses. In the past tense it becomes nár which causes aspiration. Whenever “that … not” follows a negative (or a virtual negative) phrase, ná go is used (ná gur in the past tense).

Tá ḟios aige féin ná fuil an ceart aige. He knows himself that he is not right.

Ní deirim (or ḋeirim) ná go ḃfuil an ceart aige. I don’t say that he is not right.

Náċ is used in Munster as a part of the verb is.

453. The use of MAR before a clause is noteworthy.

fá mar aduḃairt sé, (according) as he said.

ṫar mar ḃí sé deiċ mbliaḋna fiċead ó ṡoin.

Beyond (or compared with) how it was 30 years ago.

i dtaoḃ mar deir tú, regarding what you say.

Ṫáinig sé mar a raiḃ Fionn. He came to where Finn was.

mar atá or mar atáid, that is, viz., i.e.

mar go mbaḋ iad féin do ḋeunaṁ an gníoṁa, as if it were they who performed the act.

mar an gceudna, likewise.

mar ġeall ar, on account of.

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Notes

1. Go and naċ are very frequently separated from ionnus by a subordinate or relative clause: e.g., “ionnus, an tí ar a mbiaḋ an riġin sin, go mbiaḋ tearmann aige ó’n oirleaċ;” so that the person who would be marked with that sign would have protection from the slaughter.