History of Journalism in the United States

by George Henry Payne

HISTORY OF JOURNALISM
IN THE UNITED STATES

 

HISTORY OF JOURNALISM
IN THE UNITED STATES

BY

GEORGE HENRY PAYNE

D. APPLETON AND COMPANY
NEW YORKLONDON
1920

 

copyright, 1920, by
D. APPLETON AND COMPANY

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

 

TO

THE MEMORY OF

THEODORE ROOSEVELT

WHO UNDERSTOOD THE NEWSPAPER—
AND NEWSPAPERMEN

 

CONTENTS

PREFACE ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

vii

INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

ix

I

Historic Preparation for Journalism ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

1

II

The First Newspaper in America ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

12

III

The First Journals and Their Editors ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

23

IV

Philadelphia and the Bradfords ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

35

V

Printing in New York—The Zenger Trial ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

45

VI

Rise of Fourth Estate ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

59

VII

The Assumption of Political Power ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

76

VIII

The "Boston Gazette" and Samuel Adams ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

100

IX

Journalism and the Revolution ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

116

X

After the Revolution ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

135

XI

Growth of the Party Press ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

153

XII

The Editor and the Government ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

164

XIII

Adams and the Alien and Sedition Laws ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

176

XIV

Hamilton and the "Evening Post" ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

190

XV

Emigration and the Papers of the West ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

200

XVI

Suffrage and Slavery ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

217

XVII

Newspapers and the Capital ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

230

XVIII

Penny Papers and the "New York Sun" ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

240

XIX

James Gordon Bennett and the "Herald" ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

255

XX

Greeley and the "Tribune" ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

269

XXI

The "Times" and Greeley's Triumph ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

282

XXII

The Autocracy of the Slaveholders ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

295

XXIII

Civil War ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

307

XXIV

After the War ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

325

XXV

Editors of the New School ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

336

XXVI

After-War Problems and Reform ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

347

XXVII

The Melodrama in the News ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

360

XXVIII

Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

370

APPENDICES

A—The Beginning of "Newes" ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

383

B—The Character of William Bradford ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

384

C—Bryant Index Expurgatorius ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

386

D—Horace Greeley's Famous Letter to William H. Seward ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

387

E—Growth of Newspapers from 1776 to 1840 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

393

F—Statistics of the Daily and Weekly Newspapers in the U. S. in 1840 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

394

G—Newspaper Postage Rates for One Year ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

396

H—Zenger's Trial ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

397

I—The Sun-Herald Merger ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

398

Bibliography ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

399

Index ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

429

HISTORY OF JOURNALISM

IN THE UNITED STATES