Ivan the Terrible

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Ivan the Terrible (1904)
by Kazimierz Waliszewski, translated by Lady Mary Loyd

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Kazimierz Waliszewski131802Ivan the Terrible1904Lady Mary Loyd

IVAN THE TERRIBLE

page

BY THE SAME AUTHOR

PETER THE GREAT. Translated by Lady Mary Loyd. With a Portrait. Demy 8vo. Price 6s.

THE ROMANCE OF AN EMPRESS (Catherine II. of Russia). With a Portrait. Demy 8vo. Price 6s.

THE STORY OF A THRONE (Catherine II. of Russia). With a Portrait. Demy 8vo. Price 6s.

MARYSIENKA. Translated by Lady Mary Loud. With a Portrait Demy 8vo. Price 6s.

ALSO

A HISTORY OF RUSSIAN LITERATURE (Literatures of the World). In One Volume. Large crown 8vo. Price 6s.

LONDON
WILLIAM HEINEMANN, 21 BEDFORD STREET, W.C.

Ivan the Terrible

page

IVAN THE TERRIBLE

BY
K. WALISZEWSKI

Translated from the French by
LADY MARY LOYD

With a Portrait

LONDON
WILLIAM HEINEMANN
1904

This Edition enjoys copyright in
all countries signatory to the Berne
Treaty, and is not to be imported
into the United States of America.

page

Chapters (not listed in original)

Introduction

CONTENTS

PART I
RUSSIA IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY

CHAPTER I
THE COUNTRY AND THE PEOPLE
PAGES
I.-RUSSIA, NEW AND OLD. II.—THE TERRITORY. III.—SOCIAL MATTERS: THE ARISTOCRACY. IV.—POLITICAL AND SOCIAL ORGANIZATION: THE ORIGIN OF ABSOLUTISM. V.—THE PEASANTS. VI.—THE SERFS. VII.—THE TOWNSFOLK. VIII.—THE CHURCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		1–34

CHAPTER II
POLITICAL AND SOCIAL LIFE
I.—THE CENTRAL POWER. II.—PROVINCIAL ORGANIZATION. III.—THE MIÉSTNITCHESTVO. IV.—THE COMMUNE. V.—JUDICIAL ORGANIZATION AND LEGISLATION. VI.—THE ECONOMIC SYSTEM. VII.—THE FINANCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		35–61

CHAPTER III
INTELLECTUAL LIFE
I.—CAUSES OF ITS WEAKNESS. II.—INTELLECTUAL CURRENTS. III.—LITERATURE. IV.—ART. V. —THE RENOVATING MOVEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		62–90

CHAPTER IV
HABITS AND CUSTOMS
I.—THEIR ASPECT, PHYSICAL AND MORAL. II.—THE WOMEN. III.—THE FAMILY. IV.—SOCIETY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		91–115

PART II
THE YOUTH OF IVAN

CHAPTER I
THE FIRST RUSSIAN TSAR
PAGES
I.—BIRTH OF THE TERRIBLE. II.—THE GOVERNMENT OF THE BOÏARS. III.—MARRIAGE AND CORONATION. IV.—SYLVESTER AND ADACHEV. V.—THE FIRST ASSEMBLY: RUSSIAN PARLIAMENTARIANISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		116–138

CHAPTER II
THE FIRST REFORMS
I.—THE REFORMING CURRENTS. II.—THE NEW CODE. III.—THE REORGANIZATION OF THE 'SERVICE.' IV.—THE RELIGIOUS REFORM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		138–156

CHAPTER III
THE EXPANSION EASTWARDS—THE TAKING OF KAZAN
I.—THE REMNANTS OF THE MONGOL EMPIRE. II.—IVAN'S ARMY. III.—THE CAPTURE OF KAZAN. IV.—THE CONSEQUENCES. V.—THE CAPTURE OF ASTRAKAN. VI.—THE COSSACKS. VII.—THE CRIMEA AND LIVONIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		156–172

CHAPTER IV
THE CONQUEST OF LIVONIA
I.—HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS. II.—THE LIVONIA OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY. III.—THE MUSCOVITE CONQUEST. IV.—THE EUROPEAN INTERVENTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		172–187

CHAPTER V
THE STRUGGLE FOR THE EMPIRE OF THE BALTIC
I.—SWEDEN AND POLAND. II.—THE COALITIONS. III.—THE COLLAPSE OF THE ALLIANCES: MAGNUS. IV.—IVAN'S CANDIDATURE FOR THE POLISH THRONE. V.—THE ELECTION OF BATORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		187–215

PART III
THE CRISIS

CHAPTER I
THE POLITICAL AND INTELLECTUAL EVOLUTION
PAGES
I.—THE CONFLICT OF IDEAS AND PRINCIPLES. II.—THE DISGRACE OF SYLVESTER AND ADACHEV. III.—THE FLIGHT OF KOURBSKI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		216–236

CHAPTER II
THE OPRITCHNINA
I.—THE FICTIONS AND REALITIES OF THE DRAMA. II.—THE TERROR. III.—THE TSAR SIMEON. IV.—THE OPRITCHNINA AT THE BAR OF HISTORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		237–273

CHAPTER III
THE ANGLOMANIA OF IVAN THE TERRIBLE: IVAN AND ELIZABETH
I.—THE FIRST ENGLISHMEN IN RUSSIA. II.—PROJECTS OF ALLIANCE. III.—A PROJECTED MARRIAGE. IV.—MARY HASTINGS. V.—THE DUTCH COMPETITION AND THE RUPTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		273–297

PART IV
THE END

CHAPTER I
THE POLISH INVASION: BATORY
I.—BATORY. II.—THE STRUGGLE. III.—THE POLISH ARMY. IV.—THE RUSSIAN ARMY. V.—THE CAPTURE OF POLOTSK. VI.—THE POLES IN MUSCOVY. VII.—THE DIPLOMATIC INTERLUDE, VIII.—THE SIEGE OF PSKOV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		298–326

CHAPTER II
THE LOSS OF LIVONIA—ROME AND MOSCOW
I.—CHÉVRIGUINE'S MISSION. II.—THE PAPAL MEDIATION. III.—THE TRUCE OF IAM-ZAPOLSKI. IV.—POSSEVINO AT MOSCOW. V.—THE DAY AFTER THE TRUCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		326–349

CHAPTER III
THE CONQUEST OF SIBERIA: ERMAK
I.—CONQUEST AND COLONIZATION. II.—THE STROGANOVS. III.—THE COSSACKS. IV.—ERMAK IN SIBERIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		350–357

CHAPTER IV
THE COURT OF IVAN THE TERRIBLE—HIS PRIVATE LIFE
I.—THE COURT. II.—THE SLOBODA OF ALEXANDROV. III.—IVAN'S DOMESTIC LIFE. IV.—THE TSAR'S FAMILY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		357–377

CHAPTER V
THE MAN AND HIS WORK
I.—HIS DEATH. II.—CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT. III.—KNOWLEDGE AND INTELLIGENCE. IV.—IDEAS AND FEELINGS. V.—THE RESULTS OF HIS REIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		377–399

BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		400

INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		417

This work is a translation and has a separate copyright status to the applicable copyright protections of the original content.

Original:

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.

The longest-living author of this work died in 1935, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 88 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.

Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse

Translation:

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.

The longest-living author of this work died in 1936, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 87 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.

Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse