Latin for beginners (1911)/Appendix III

by Benjamin Leonard D'Ooge

Layout 2

APPENDIX III

REVIEWS^[1]

I. REVIEW OF VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR THROUGH LESSON VIII

Lesson IX

502. Give the English of the following words:^[2]

Nouns
agricola ancilla aqua casa causa cēna corōna	dea domina fābula fera fīlia fortūna fuga	gallīna iniūria īnsula lūna nauta pecūnia puella	pugna sagitta silva terra tuba via victōria

Adjectives
alta bona	clāra grāta	lāta longa	magna mala	nova parva	pulchra sōla

Verbs
amat dat	est habitat	labōrat laudat	nārrat necat	nūntiat parat	portat pugnat	sunt vocat

Prepositions	Pronouns	Adverbs	Conjunctions	Interrogative Particle
ā or ab ad cum dē ē or ex in	mea tua quis cuius cui quem quid	cūr deinde nōn ubi	et quia quod	-ne

503. Give the Latin of the following words:^[3]

Underline the words you do not remember. Do not look up a single word till you have gone through the entire list. Then drill on the words you have underlined.

flight story new lives (verb) away from who why forest wreath deep, high dinner famous cottage battle (noun) trumpet lady, mistress whom island

wide tells money calls with your then, in the next place daughter to whom fortune out from labors (verb) gives small in and sailor farmer

goddess wild beast praises (verb) alone pleasing prepares are to because arrow my kills girl fights (verb) carries chicken victory land

what way bad loves pretty water great is announces injury, wrong where not good maid down from long cause whose

503.

Give the Latin of the following words:^[4]

Underline the words you do not remember. Do not look up a single word till you have gone through the entire list. Then drill on the words you have underlined.

flight story new lives (verb) away from who why forest wreath deep, high dinner famous cottage battle (noun) trumpet lady, mistress whom island

wide tells money calls with your then, in the next place daughter to whom fortune out from labors (verb) gives small in and sailor farmer

goddess wild beast praises (verb) alone pleasing prepares are to because arrow my kills girl fights (verb) carries chicken victory land

what way bad loves pretty water great is announces injury, wrong where not good maid down from long cause whose

504. Review Questions. How many syllables has a Latin word? How are words divided into syllables? What is the ultima? the penult? the antepenult? When is a syllable short? When is a syllable long? What is the law of Latin accent? Define the subject of a sentence; the predicate; the object; the copula. What is inflection? declension? conjugation? What is the ending of the verb in the third person singular, and what in the plural? What does the form of a noun show? Name the Latin cases. What case is used for the subject? the direct object? the possessor? What relation is expressed by the dative case? Give the rule for the indirect object. How are questions answered in Latin? What is a predicate adjective? an attributive adjective? What is meant by agreement? Give the rule for the agreement of the adjective. What are the three relations expressed by the ablative? What can you say of the position of the possessive pronoun? the modifying genitive? the adjective? What is the base? What is grammatical gender? What is the rule for gender in the first declension? What are the general principles of Latin word order? 505. Fill out the following summary of the first declension:

The First or Ā-Declension	1. Ending in the nominative singular
	2. Rule for gender
	3. Case terminations	a. Singular b. Plural
	4. Irregular nouns

<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#lesson_IX">Go on to Lesson IX

<a name = "review_II"> II. REVIEW OF LESSONS IX-XVII

<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#lesson_XVIII">Lesson XVIII

506. Give the English of the following words:

Nouns of the First Declension
agrī cultūra cōnstantia	cōpia dīligentia	fāma fēmina	galea inopia	lacrima lōrīca	patria praeda

Nouns of the Second Declension
ager amīcus arma (plural) auxilium bellum carrus castrum	cibus cōnsilium domicilium dominus equus fīlius fluvius	frūmentum gladius lēgātus līberī magister mūrus numerus	oppidānus oppidum pīlum populus praemium proelium puer	scūtum servus studium tēlum vīcus vir

Adjectives of the First and Second Declensons
aeger, aegra, aegrum alius, alia, aliud alter, altera, alterum armātus, -a, -um crēber, crēbra, crēbrum dūrus, -a, -um fīnitimus, -a, -um īnfīrmus, -a, -um legiōnārius, -a, -um līber, lībera, līberum mātūrus, -a, -um meus, -a, -um miser, misera, miserum multus, -a, -um	neuter, neutra, neutrum noster, nostra, nostrum alter, altera, alterum pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum sōlus, -a, -um suus, -a, -um fīnitimus, -a, -um tuus, -a, -um ūllus, -a, -um ūnus, -a, -um uter, utra, utrum validus, -a, -um vester, vestra, vestrum

Verbs	Demonstrative Pronoun	Adverbs
arat cūrat dēsīderat mātūrat properat	is, ea, id Conjunctions an -que sed	iam quō saepe Preposition apud

507. Give the Latin of the following words:

sword corselet man your (plural) hasten but among tear (noun) village strong long for and (enclitic) often want (noun) which (of two) care for or (in a question) whither wagon townsman wretched ripe

war number my free (adj.) children wall grain weapon one plow (verb) this or that already helmet river zeal any he son slave your (singular) she woman horse

shield (noun) whole it aid (noun) legionary weak arms master (of school) friend neighboring sick lieutenant field report, rumor abode boy his own alone prize (noun) master (owner) carefulness plenty troops

plan (noun) people beautiful no (adj.) our battle spear food steadiness fatherland town fort camp neither (of two) much agriculture other the other (of two) hard booty frequent armed

508. Review Questions. How many declensions are there? What three things must be known about a noun before it can be declined? What three cases of neuter nouns are always alike, and in what do they end in the plural? What two plural cases are always alike? When is the vocative singular not like the nominative? What is a predicate noun? With what does it agree? What is an appositive? Give the rule for the agreement of an appositive. How can we tell whether a noun in -er is declined like puer or like ager? Decline bonus, līber, pulcher. How can we tell whether an adjective in -er is declined like līber or like pulcher? Why must we say nauta bonus and not nauta bona? Name the Latin possessive pronouns. How are they declined? With what does the possessive pronoun agree? When do we use tuus and when vester? Why is suus called a reflexive possessive? What is the non-reflexive possessive of the third person? When are possessives omitted? What four uses of the ablative case are covered by the relations expressed in English by with? Give an illustration in Latin of the ablative of manner; of the ablative of cause; of the ablative of means; of the ablative of accompaniment. What ablative regularly has cum? What ablative sometimes has cum? What uses of the ablative never have cum? Name the nine pronominal adjectives, with their meanings. Decline alius, nūllus. Decline is. What does is mean as a demonstrative adjective or pronoun? What other important use has it?

509. Fill out the following summary of the second declension:

The Second or O-Declension	1. Endings in the nominative
	2. Rule for gender
	3. Case terminations of nouns in -us	a. Singular b. Plural
	a. The vocative singular of nouns in -us
	4. Case terminations of nouns in -um	a. Singular b. Plural
	5. Peculiarities of nouns in -er and -ir
	6. Peculiarities of nouns in -ius and -ium

<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#lesson_XVIII">Go on to Lesson

XVIII

<a name = "review_III"> III. REVIEW OF LESSONS XVIII-XXVI

<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#lesson_XXVII">Lesson XXVII

510. Give the English of the following words:

Nouns of the First Declension
	disciplīna fōrma	poena potentia	rēgīna superbia	trīstitia

Nouns of the Second Declension
lūdus	ōrnāmentum	sacrum	socius	verbum

Adjectives of the First and Second Declensions
amīcus antīquus fīnitimus	grātus idōneus inimīcus	interfectus īrātus laetus	molestus perpetuus proximus	septem superbus

Adverbs		Conjunctions	Personal Pronoun
hodiē ibi maximē	mox nunc nūper	etiam nōn sōlum ... sed etiam	ego

Verbs
CONJ. I	CONJ. II	CONJ. III	CONJ. IV
volō, -āre IRREGULAR VERB sum, esse	dēleō, -ēre doceō, -ēre faveō, -ēre habeō, -ēre iubeō, -ēre moneō, -ēre moveō, -ēre noceō, -ēre pāreō, -ēre persuādeō, -ēre sedeō, -ēre studeō, -ēre videō, -ēre	agō, -ere capiō, -ere crēdō, -ere dīcō, -ere dūcō, -ere faciō, -ere fugiō, -ere iaciō, -ere mittō, -ere rapiō, -ere regō, -ere resistō, -ere	audiō, -īre mūniō, -īre reperiō, -īre veniō, -īre

511. Give the Latin of the following words. In the case of verbs always give the first form and the present infinitive.

ancient come resist see be fly I proud word sadness find rule (verb) be eager for

not only ... but also seven ally, companion pride fortify send sit also school hear hurl persuade only

nearest sacred rite queen flee obey lately constant ornament power make, do injure now annoying lead

move soon glad punishment believe advise especially, most of all angry beauty say command (verb) there slain

training take have to-day unfriendly drive favor (verb) suitable pleasing teach neighboring destroy friendly seize

512. Review Questions. What is conjugation? Name two important differences between conjugation in Latin and in English. What is tense? What is mood? What are the Latin moods? When do we use the indicative mood? Name the six tenses of the indicative. What are personal endings? Name those you have had. Inflect sum in the three tenses you have learned. How many regular conjugations are there? How are they distinguished? How is the present stem found? What tenses are formed from the present stem? What is the tense sign of the imperfect? What is the meaning of the imperfect? What is the tense sign of the future in the first two conjugations? in the last two? Before what letters is a final long vowel of the stem shortened? What are the three possible translations of a present, as of pugnō? Inflect arō, sedeō, mittō, faciō, and veniō, in the present, imperfect, and future active. What forms of -iō verbs of the third conjugation are like audiō? what like regō? Give the rule for the dative with adjectives. Name the special intransitive verbs that govern the dative. What does the imperative mood express? How is the present active imperative formed in the singular? in the plural? What three verbs have a shortened present active imperative? Give the present active imperative of portō, dēleō, agō, faciō, mūniō.

<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#lesson_XXVII">Go on to Lesson

XXVII

<a name = "review_IV"> IV. REVIEW OF LESSONS XXVII-XXXVI

<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#lesson_XXXVII">Lesson XXXVII

513. Give the English of the following words:

Nouns of the First Declension
āla	cūra	mora	porta	prōvincia	vīta

Nouns of the Second Declension
animus aurum	bracchium deus	locus mōnstrum	nāvigium ōrāculum	perīculum ventus	vīnum

Adjectives of the First and Second Declensions
adversus attentus cārus	commōtus dēfessus dexter	dubius maximus perfidus	plēnus saevus sinister

Adverbs
anteā celeriter dēnique	diū frūstrā graviter	ita longē semper	subitō tamen tum

Conjunctions
autem	sī	ubi

Prepositions
dē	per	prō	sine

Verbs
CONJ. I			CONJ. II
adpropinquō nāvigō occupō postulō	recūsō reportō servō stō	superō temptō vāstō vulnerō	contineō egeō prohibeō respondeō teneō
CONJ. III			IRREGULAR VERB
discēdō	gerō	interficiō	absum

514. Translate the following words. Give the genitive and the gender of the nouns and the principal parts of the verbs.

be away wind through if savage wound (verb) wine delay faithless right seize quickly before, in behalf of battle down from or concerning

moreover greatest oracle danger lay waste gate doubtful opposite, adverse demand finally attentive then, at that time weary overcome, conquer

boat, ship sail (verb) life save full refuse heavily monster approach nevertheless place be without, lack moved gold restrain, keep from

without hold suddenly dear always god hold in, keep afar thus, so, as follows arm (noun) when in vain stand bring back, win

before, previously depart, go away province care, trouble kill reply (verb) wing mind, heart left (adj.) bear, carry on try for a long time

515. Give the principal parts and meaning of the following verbs:

sum dō teneō iubeō agō mittō mūniō

moveō crēdō rapiō reperiō dēleō resistō audiō

moneō capiō doceō regō faveō noceō dīcō

pāreō dūcō faciō persuādeō sedeō studeō fugiō

veniō iaciō videō absum egeō gerō stō

516.

Review Questions. What are the personal endings in the passive voice? What is the letter -r sometimes called? What are the distinguishing vowels of the four conjugations? What forms constitute the principal parts? What are the three different conjugation stems? How may they be found? What are the tenses of the indicative? of the infinitive? What tense of the imperative have you learned? What forms are built on the present stem? on the perfect stem? on the participial stem? What are the endings of the perfect active indicative? What is the tense sign of the pluperfect active? of the future perfect active? How is the present active infinitive formed? the present passive infinitive? How is the present active imperative formed? the present passive imperative? How is the perfect active infinitive formed? the perfect passive infinitive? How is the future active infinitive formed? What is a participle? How are participles in -us declined? Give the rule for the agreement of the participle. How are the perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect passive indicative formed? Conjugate the verb sum in all moods and tenses as far as you have learned it (<a href = "#sec494">§ 494). What is meant by the separative ablative? How is the place from which expressed in Latin? Give the rule for the ablative of separation; for the ablative of the personal agent. How can we distinguish between the ablative of means and the ablative of the personal agent? What is the perfect definite? the perfect indefinite? What is the difference in meaning between the perfect indefinite and the imperfect? What two cases in Latin may be governed by a preposition? Name the prepositions that govern the ablative. What does the preposition in mean when it governs the ablative? the accusative? What are the three interrogatives used to introduce yes-and-no questions? Explain the force of each. What words are sometimes used for yes and no? What are the different meanings and uses of ubi?

<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#lesson_XXXVII">Go on to Lesson

XXXVII

V. REVIEW OF LESSONS XXXVII-XLIV

Lesson XLV

517. Give the English of the following words:

Nouns
FIRST DECLENSION	SECOND DECLENSION
rīpa	barbarī captīvus	castellum impedīmentum

THIRD DECLENSION
animal arbor avis caedēs <a name = "page274"> calamitās calcar caput cīvis cliēns	collis cōnsul dēns dux eques fīnis flūmen fōns frāter	homō hostīs ignis imperātor īnsigne iter iūdex labor lapis	legiō mare māter mēnsis mīles mōns nāvis opus ōrātor	ōrdō pater pedes pēs pōns prīnceps rēx salūs sanguis	soror tempus terror turris urbs victor virtūs vīs

Adjectives of the First and Second Declensions
barbarus	dexter	sinister	summus

Prepositions	Adverbs	Conjunctions
in with the abl. in with the acc. trāns	cotīdiē numquam	nec, neque nec ... nec, or neque ... neque

Verbs
CONJ. I		CONJ. III
cessō confirmō	oppugnō vetō	accipiō incipiō	petō ponō	vincō vivō

518. Translate the following words. Give the genitive and the gender of the nouns and the principal parts of the verbs:

forbid rank, row brother force across savages horseman never mountain manliness, courage leader put, place time savage, barbarous sister seek captive hindrance, baggage

man-of-war judge defeat, disaster fire tree foot soldier receive general highest fountain orator neither ... nor and not left tooth soldier month city victor daily live (verb)

conquer consul mother retainer citizen head safety assail, storm begin march decoration bridge bird cease man river work (noun) and ship bank

redoubt, fort sea tower drill (verb) legion terror into, to right (adj.) in stone blood labor (noun) king spur chief slaughter strengthen foot enemy animal father

519.

Review Questions. Give the conjugation of possum. What is an infinitive? What three uses has the Latin infinitive that are like the English? What is the case of the subject of the infinitive? What is meant by a complementary infinitive? In the sentence The bad boy cannot be happy, what is the case of happy? Give the rule. Decline quī. Give the rule for the agreement of the relative. What are the two uses of the interrogative? Decline quis. What is the base of a noun? How is the stem formed from the base? Are the stem and the base ever the same? How many declensions of nouns are there? Name them. What are the two chief divisions of the third declension? How are the consonant stems classified? Explain the formation of lapis from the stem lapid-, mīles from mīlit-, rēx from rēg-. What nouns have i-stems? What peculiarities of form do i-stems have,—masc., fem., and neut.? Name the five nouns that have -ī and -e in the abl. Decline turris. Give the rules for gender in the third declension. Decline mīles, lapis, rēx, virtūs, cōnsul, legiō, homō, pater, flūmen, opus, tempus, caput, caedēs, urbs, hostis, mare, animal, vīs, iter.

520. Fill out the following scheme:

The Third Declension	Gender Endings	Masculine Feminine Neuter
	Case Terminations	I. Consonant Stems	a. Masc. and fem. b. Neuters
		II. I-Stems	a. Masc. and fem. b. Neuters
		Irregular Nouns

<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#lesson_XLV">Go on to Lesson XLV

<a name = "review_VI"> VI. REVIEW OF LESSONS XLV-LII

<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#lesson_LIII">Lesson LIII

521. Give the English of the following words:

Nouns
FIRST DECLENSION		SECOND DECLENSION
amīcitia hōra littera	annus modus nūntius oculus	rēgnum signum supplicium, supplicium dare supplicium sūmere dē	tergum, tergum vertere vestīgium

THIRD DECLENSION		FOURTH DECLENSION
aestās corpus hiems lībertās lūx, prīma lūx nōmen	nox pars pāx rūs sōl vōx vulnus	adventus cornū domus equitātus exercitus fluctus	impetus lacus manus metus portus

FIFTH DECLENSION			INDECLINABLE NOUN
aciēs diēs fidēs, in fidem venīre	rēs, rēs gestae rēs adversae rēs pūblica rēs secundae	spēs	nihil

Adjectives
FIRST AND SECOND DECLENSIONS		THIRD DECLENSION
dēnsus invīsus mīrus paucī prīmus	prīstinus pūblicus secundus tantus vērus	ācer, ācris, ācre brevis, breve difficilis, difficile facīlis, facile fortis, forte	gravis, grave incolumis, incolume omnis, omne pār, pār vēlōx, vēlōx

Pronouns
PERSONAL	DEMONSTRATIVE	INTENSIVE	INDEFINITE
ego nōs suī tū vōs	hic īdem ille iste	ipse	aliquis, aliquī quīdam quis, quī quisquam quisque

Adverbs			Conjunctions	Prepositions
nē ... quidem ōlim	paene quoque	satis vērō	itaque nisi	ante post propter

Verbs
CONJ. I	CONJ. II	CONJ. III	CONJ. IV
conlocō convocō cremō dēmōnstrō mandō	dēbeō exerceō maneō placeō sustineō	committō, committere proelium dēcidō ēripiō sūmō, sūmere supplicium dē trādūcō vertō	dēsiliō

522.

Translate the following words. Give the genitive and the gender of the nouns and the principal parts of the verbs.

if not, unless on account of unharmed public commonwealth leap down, dismount lead across remain call together friendship footprint, trace each fear (noun) hope therefore behind, after so great equal in truth, indeed that (yonder) a certain fall down owe, ought measure, mode eye name wave, billow thing, matter exploits republic prosperity

adversity former, old-time all, every any one (at all) this (of mine) heavy, serious hateful, detested true burn snatch from letter punishment inflict punishment on suffer punishment liberty sun sustain take up, assume hour reign, realm messenger part, direction body harbor faith, protection of himself also, too sufficiently

burn that (of yours) before you (plur.) light daybreak winter attack line of battle army drill, train join battle house, home midday wonderful brave almost the same some, any if any one self, very not even easy dense point out, explain difficult first arrange, station please year

peace back turn the back, retreat night hand, force lake day commit, intrust a few only sharp, eager we turn you (sing.) I signal summer cavalry wound horn, wing country second, favorable short voice formerly, once arrival come under the protection of swift nothing

523. Review Questions. By what declensions are Latin adjectives declined? What can you say about the stem of adjectives of the third declension? Into what classes are these adjectives divided? How can you tell to which of the classes an adjective belongs? Decline ācer, omnis, pār. What are the nominative endings and genders of nouns of the fourth or u-declension? What nouns are feminine by exception? Decline adventus, lacus, cornū, domus. Give the rules for the ordinary expression of the place to which, the place from which, the place in which. What special rules apply to names of towns, small islands, and rūs? What is the locative case? What words have a locative case? What is the form of the locative case? Translate Galba lives at home, Galba lives at Rome, Galba lives at Pompeii. What is the rule for gender in the fifth or ē-declension? Decline diēs, rēs. When is the long ē shortened? What can you say about the plural of the fifth declension? Decline tuba, servus, pīlum, ager, puer, mīles, cōnsul, flūmen, caedēs, animal. How is the time when expressed? Name the classes of pronouns and define each class. Decline ego, tū, is. What are the reflexives of the first and second persons? What is the reflexive of the third person? Decline it. Translate I see myself, he sees himself, he sees him. Decline ipse. How is ipse used? Decline īdem. Decline hic, iste, ille. Explain the use of these words. Name and translate the commoner indefinite pronouns. Decline aliquis, quisquam, quīdam, quisque.

<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#lesson_LIII">Go on to Lesson LIII

<a name = "review_VII"> VII. REVIEW OF LESSONS LIII-LX

<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#lesson_LXI">Lesson LXI

524. Give the English of the following words:

Nouns
FIRST DECLENSION	SECOND DECLENSION
aquila fossa	aedificium captīvus concilium	imperium negōtium	spatium vāllum

THIRD DECLENSION
agmen celeritās cīvitās clāmor cohors difficultās explōrātor	gēns lātitūdō longitūdō magnitūdō mēns mercātor mīlle	mors mulier multitūdō mūnītiō nēmō obses opīniō	regiō rūmor scelus servitūs timor vallēs

FOURTH DECLENSION		FIFTH DECLENSION
aditus commeātus	passus	rēs frūmentāria

Adjectives
FIRST AND SECOND DECLENSIONS
aequus bīnī ducentī duo exterus īnferus	maximus medius minimus opportūnus optimus pessimus	plūrimus posterus prīmus reliquus secundus	singulī superus tardus ternī ūnus

THIRD DECLENSION
alacer, alacris, alacre audāx, audāx celer, celeris, celere citerior, citerius difficilis, difficile dissimilis, dissimile facilis, facile gracilis, gracile	humilis, humile ingēns, ingēns interior, interius lēnis, lēne maior, maius melior, melius minor, minus nōbilis, nōbile	peior, peius ——, plūs prior, prius recēns, recēns similis, simile trēs, tria ulterior, ulterius

Adverbs
ācriter audācter bene facile ferē fortiter	magis magnopere maximē melius minimē multum	optimē parum paulō plūrimum prope propius	proximē quam statim tam undique

Conjunctions		Prepositions
atque, ac aut aut ... aut et ... et nam	quā dē causā quam ob rem simul atque or simul ac	circum contrā inter ob trāns

Verbs
CONJ. I		CONJ. II
cōnor hortor	moror vexō	obtineō perterreō	valeō vereor

CONJ. III
abdō cadō cognōscō cōnsequor contendō cupiō currō	dēdō dēfendō ēgredior incendō incolō īnsequor occīdō	patior premō proficīscor prōgredior quaerō recipiō relinquō	revertor sequor statuō subsequor suscipiō trādō trahō
CONJ. III
	orior	perveniō

525.

Translate the following words. Give the genitive and the gender of the nouns and the principal parts of the verbs:

• on account of
• nearly
• keenly, sharply
• thousand
• two
• opportune
• remaining
• above (adj.)
• next
• grain supply
• pace
• shout (noun)
• from all sides
• against
• around
• three
• further
• line of march
• manor
• region
• fortification
• eagle
• almost
• boldly
• bravely
• across
• between, among
• hither (adj.)
• so
• less
• more
• most
• worst
• difficulty
• hostage
• death
• command, power
• captive
• or
• and
• arrive
• attempt, try
• length
• width
• scout
• cohort
• tribe, nation
• business
• by a little
• somewhat
• crime
• difficult
• equal
• move forward,
  advance
• multitude
• woman
• desire (verb)
• give over,
  surrender
• kill
• overtake
• hasten, strive
• hide
• one
• first
• second, favorable
• two hundred
• former
• inner
• middle
• low
• outward
• three by three
• provisions
• speed
• ditch
• wherefore or
• therefore
• for this reason
• fear (noun)
• return
• inquire
• set out
• move out, disembark
• fear (verb)
• worse
• greater, larger
• two by two
• least (adv.)
• opinion,
  expectation
• approach, entrance
• trader
• magnitude, size
• council, assembly
• space, room
• either ... or
• rise, arise
• suffer, allow
• press hard
• fall
• surrender
• set fire to
• defend
• possess, hold
• delay (verb)
• nearest (adv.)
• nearer (adv.)
• better (adj.)
• well known, noble
• mild, gentle
• swift
• eager
• low (adj.)
• slender
• one by one
• no one
• least (adv.)
• little (adv.)
• learn, know
• drag
• undertake
• run
• fix, decide
• leave
• abandon
• be strong
• receive, recover
• terrify, frighten
• dwell
• state, citizenship
• valley
• slavery
• greatly
• best of all (adv.)
• better (adv.)
• well (adv.)
• very much
• much
• unlike
• like (adj.)
• slow
• very greatly,
  exceedingly
• building
• mind (noun)
• easily
• easy
• recent
• huge, great
• bold
• immediately
• as soon as
• for
• than
• best (adj.)
• greatest
• follow close
• encourage
• annoy, ravage
• hide
  
• follow
  
• pursue
• both ... and
• rampart

526.

Review Questions. What is meant by comparison? In what two ways may adjectives be compared? Compare clārus, brevis, vēlōx, and explain the formation of the comparative and the superlative. What are the adverbs used in comparison? Compare brevis by adverbs. Decline the comparative of vēlōx. How are adjectives in -er compared? Compare ācer, pulcher, liber. What are possible translations for the comparative and superlative? Name the six adjectives that form the superlative in -limus. Translate in two ways Nothing is brighter than the sun. Give the rule for the ablative with comparatives. Compare bonus, magnus, malus, multus, parvus, exterus, īnferus, posterus, superus. Decline plūs. Compare citerior, interior, propior, ulterior. Translate That route to Italy is much shorter. Give the rule for the expression of measure of difference. Name five words that are especially common in this construction. How are adverbs usually formed from adjectives of the first and second declensions? from adjectives of the third declension? Compare the adverbs cārē, līberē, fortiter, audācter. What cases of adjectives are sometimes used as adverbs? What are the adverbs from facilis? multus? prīmus? plūrimus? bonus? magnus? parvus? Compare prope, saepe, magnopere. How are numerals classified? Give the first twenty cardinals. Decline ūnus, duo, trēs, mīlle. How are the hundreds declined? What is meant by the partitive genitive? Give the rule for the partitive genitive. What sort of words are commonly used with this construction? What construction is used with quīdam and cardinal numbers excepting mīlle? Give the first twenty ordinals. How are they declined? How are the distributives declined? Give the rule for the expression of duration of time and extent of space. What is the difference between the ablative of time and the accusative of time? What is a deponent verb? Give the synopsis of one. What form always has a passive meaning? Conjugate amō, moneō, regō, capiō, audiō, in the active and passive.

VIII. REVIEW OF LESSONS LXI-LXIX

527. Review the vocabularies of the first seventeen lessons. See §§ 502, 503, 506, 507.

528. Review Questions. Name the tenses of the subjunctive. What time is denoted by these tenses? What are the mood signs of the present subjunctive? How may the imperfect subjunctive be formed? How do the perfect subjunctive and the future perfect indicative active differ in form? How is the pluperfect subjunctive active formed? Inflect the subjunctive active and passive of cūrō, dēleō, vincō, rapiō, mūniō. Inflect the subjunctive tenses of sum; of possum. What are the tenses of the participles in the active? What in the passive? Give the active and passive participles of amō, moneō, regō, capiō, audiō. Decline regēns. What participles do deponent verbs have? What is the difference in meaning between the perfect participle of a deponent verb and of one not deponent? Give the participles of vereor. How should participles usually be translated? Conjugate volō, nōlō, mālō, fīō.

What is the difference between the indicative and subjunctive in their fundamental ideas? How is purpose usually expressed in English? How is it expressed in Latin? By what words is a Latin purpose clause introduced? When should quō be used? What is meant by sequence of tenses? Name the primary tenses of the indicative and of the subjunctive; the secondary tenses. What Latin verbs are regularly followed by substantive clauses of purpose? What construction follows iubeō? What construction follows verbs of fearing? How is consequence or result expressed in Latin? How is a result clause introduced? What words are often found in the principal clause foreshadowing the coming of a result clause? How may negative purpose be distinguished from negative result? What is meant by the subjunctive of characteristic or description? How are such clauses introduced? Explain the ablative absolute. Why is the ablative absolute of such frequent occurrence in Latin? Explain the predicate accusative. After what verbs are two accusatives commonly found? What do these accusatives become when the verb is passive?

IMPERATOR MILITES HORTATUR

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References

1. 1. It is suggested that each of these reviews be assigned for a written test.
2. Proper nouns and proper adjectives are not repeated in the reviews. Words used in Cassar’s “Gallic War” are in heavy type.
3. 1. The translations of words used in Cæsar are in italics.
4. The translations of words used in Cæsar are in italics.