Mexico, Aztec, Spanish and Republican/Volume 2/Table of Contents
CONTENTS.
BOOK IV.
CHAPTER 1. — Absence of accuracy — Humboldt — Superficial extent of Mexican Territory — Physical structure of Mexico — Volcanic mountains — Climates — Tierras Templadas, Calientes, Frias — Political divisions and boundaries of Mexico — Old Spanish divisions — Provinces — Intendencies — States — Departments — North boundary — Present States and Territories — Rivers of Mexico — Rivers and Lakes of Mexico,Page 9
CHAPTER 2. — Division of population — Whites — Indians — Africans — Leperos — Rancheros — Characteristics, Indifference, Procrastination — Females — Better Classes — Their social habits — Entertainments — Leperos — Their habits — Evangelistas — Thieving — The Ranchero — His character and habits — The Indian race — Agriculturists — Traditionary habits adhered to — Improvidence — Superstition — Drunkenness — Indian women — Servile condition — Local adhesiveness — Peonage — Whipping — Planter-life — Its solitude and results — Mülenpfordt's character of the Indians — Indian tribes and races in Mexico — Table of castes in Mexico,22
CHAPTER 3. — Population — Census — Tables of population — Relative division of races — Relative intellectual cultivation — Relative population in hot and cold districts,41
CHAPTER 4. — Agriculture — Dry and rainy seasons — Irrigation — Yield of corn lands — Colonial restrictions — Colonial dependence — Bad intercommunication — Arrieros — Corn lands — Different kinds of corn in Mexico — Mode of cultivation — Production — various uses of corn — Banana — Mainoc — Rice — The olive — Vine — Chile pepper — tomato — Frijol — Maguey — Maguey estates — Making Pulque — Aloes — Cacti,48
CHAPTER 5. — Estates in the valleys of Cuernavaca and Cuautla — Mexican haciendas — Sugar regions — Coffee — Its yield — Tobacco — Orizaba — Chiapas, etc. — Indigo — Cotton — Manufactures encouraged in Mexico — No new agricultural population — New manufacturing population — Production of cotton — Vainilla — Jalap — Cacao — Cochineal — Its production and quantity — Silk — Fruits — Agricultural prospects — Grazing, and not an agricultural country,62
CHAPTER 6. — Reflections on emigration — Advantages of America — Land and labor — Mines wrought by Aztecs — Mining districts and extent in Mexico — Errors as to early supply of metals from America — True period of abundance — Mines not exhausted — Condition — Families enriched — Effect of mining on Agriculture — Relative product of silver for ten years — Table of product — Yield of the mines since the Conquest — Coinage in 1844 — Total coinage 1535 to 1850,76
CHAPTER 7. — Income of New Spain 1809 — Expenses of New Spain 1809 — Mineral productions — Military force — Agriculture — Manufactures — Commerce — Exports — Imports — Present commerce — Imports — Exports — Nineteen years trade between the United States and Mexico — Character of imports — Character of exports — Silver exported — Fairs in Mexico — The future prospects and position of Mexico — Not a commercial country — Railway from Vera Cruz to the city of Mexico,93
CHAPTER 8. — Disorder of Mexican finances — Enormous usury — Character of financial operations — Expenses of administrations — Analysis of Mexican debt — Comparison of income and outlay — Deficit,107
CHAPTER 9. — Table of cotton factories in Mexico — Consumption — Production — Increase of factories — Day and night work — Deficit of material — Water and steam power — Mexican manufactures generally,112
CHAPTER 10.. — The military in Mexico before and after the revolution — Confirmation of army — Its political use — Character of Mexican soldiers — Recruiting — Tactics — Officers — Dramatic character of army — Recriminations — Condition of the army at the peace — Army on the northern frontier — Military colonies — Character of the tribes — Fortresses — Perote — Acapulco — San Juan de Ulua — Reorganization of the army — Tabular view of men and Materiel — Navy — Extent of coast on both seas — Naval establishment — Vessels and officers — Expenses of war and navy,116
CHAPTER 11. — Relations between the Mexican church and the Pope — Clergy — Monks — Nuns — Monasteries — Convents — Wealth of the church — Ratio of clergy and people — High and low clergy — their history — vices — Monks — Rural clergy — Their character — Conduct of clergy, public and private — Missions in California — Mode of conversion — Monks in Mexico — Zavala's strictures — Pazo's strictures on South American clergy — Church in the United States and in Mexico — Constitutional protection of Catholicism — Duty of the church — Bulls — Paper money,130
CHAPTER 12. — Various changes of the Mexican constitution — Present organization of the national and state governments — Constitution of 1847 — Legislative and judiciary — National and state — Judiciary — Administration of justice — Civil and criminal process — Mal-administration of justice — Prisons — Crime — Accordada — Condition of prisons — Statistics of crime in the capital — Garrotte — Mexican opinions,144
CHAPTER 13. — What Mexico has done — Review of her conduct and character — Mexican opinions — Classes — Indians — Mestizos — Whites — Army — Church — Divisions of whites — want of Homogeneousness — Want of nationality and of a people — Remedies — Emigration — Religious liberty — political order — Labor,155
BOOK V.
CHAPTER 1. — Division of Mexico into States — Eastern, western, interior — Yucatan — Boundaries, departments, population, districts, towns, parishes, productions, principal towns, islands, harbors — Chiapas — Boundaries, products, departments, towns, rivers, population — Remains in Yucatan and Chiapas — Discoveries of Stephens, Catherwood, Norman, etc. — Palenque — Uxmal — Yucatan calendar — Yucatan, Chiapan, Mechoacan, Nicaragua and Mexican months — Yucatese and Chiapan cycle — Yucatese and Mexican solar year — Differences — Yucatese months — Tabasco — Boundaries, rivers, lagune, inhabitants, productions, towns and villages,165
CHAPTER 2. — Boundaries of Vera Cruz — Rivers, lagunes, mineral springs, population, political divisions, productions, cattle, cities, towns — Vera Cruz — Its diseases — Meteorological observations at — Water fallen at Vera Cruz — Orizaba — Ascent of the mountain — Magnificent views — Difficulties — The crater extinct — Elevation of the mountain — Descent — Antiquities in the state of Vera Cruz — Ruins at Panuco, Chacuaco, San Nicolas, La Trinidad — Small figures — Papantla — Description of the pyramid — Ruins at Mapilca — Pyramid and temple at Tusapan — Isle of Sacrificios — Misantla — Remains near Puente Nacional — Tamaulipas — Boundaries, rivers, lagunes, climate, population, productions, towns — Antiquities of Tamaulipas — Topila — Rancho de las piedras — Sculpture — Remains, etc., etc.183
CHAPTER 3. — Oajaca — Extent, Boundaries, Geology, Valley, Indians, Departments, Population, Mines, Ports, Productions, Cattle, Towns, Ancient remains — Mitla — The palace — Tombs — Antiquarian speculations — connection of Mexican remains — Quiotepec, or Cerro de las Juntas,210
CHAPTER 4. — Puebla — Divisions, productions, factories — River — Streams — Puebla de los Angeles — Cathedral — Towns — Mines — Quarries — Mountains — Popocatepetl — Atlixco — Olivares — Ascent of the mountain — The crater — Elevation — Pyramid of Cholula — Visit to the pyramid — Correct dimensions — Territory of Tlascala — History — Position — Size — Productions — Towns,220
CHAPTER 5. — State of Mexico — Area, Divisions, Population, Federal district, Valley, Highways, Lakes — Zumpango — Cristovol — Chalco — Xochimilco — Tezcoco — Salt-works — Cities — San Augustin — Festival — Tezcoco, Tacuba, Toluca — Cascade of Regla — Towns — Valley of Cuernavaca — Acapantzingo — Its Indian isolation — Mines in the state,233
CHAPTER 6. — Description of the city of Mexico — Cathedral — Its architecture and riches — The Palace, University, Market, Chamber of Deputies, etc. — Portales — Mineria — La Merced — San Domingo — Characters and costumes — Paseos — Alameda — Aqueducts — Passeo Nuevo and de la Viga — Alameda — Description of it — Life in Mexico — Theatres — Opera — Domestic life — Genuine but cautious hospitality — Legend of the virgin of Guadalupe,244
CHAPTER 7. — Antiquities in the museum — Statue of Charles IV. — Condition of the museum — Feathered serpents — Viceroy's portraits — Cortez — Portrait — Armor — Pedro de Alvarado — Images — Vases — Tezcoco — Palace — Trough — Massive mounds — Tescocingo — Hill — Its ancient adornments — Ancient bellevue and reservoir — Tezcocan splendor — Bosque del Contador — Ponds — Lakes — Arbors — Pyramids of Teotihuacan — Houses of sun and moon — Path of the dead — Carved pillar — Pillar at Otumba — Pyramid of Xochicalco — Hill of Xochicalco — Its structures266
CHAPTER 8. — State of Mechoacan — Boundaries — Elevations — Volcano of Jorullo — Theories of Humboldt and Lyell — Present condition — Rivers of Mechoacan — Climate, Health, Indians, Departments, Agriculture, Towns, Mines — Jalisco — Boundaries, Population, Rivers, Lakes, Divisions, Manufactures, Agriculture, Factories — Guadalajara — Towns — San Juan de los Lagos — Tepic — San Blas — Mines, Islands, Mining region, Indians, Character and Habits, Church and School, Education, Bishopric — Territory of Colima — Extent, Climate, Productions, Towns,286
CHAPTER 9. — Sinaloa — Boundaries, Climate, Divisions, Indians, Products, Towns, Mines — Sonora — Boundaries, Divisions, Rivers, Climate, Indians, Trade, Towns, Mines — Territory of Lower California — Boundaries, Character, Population, Products, Pearls, Salt, Mines, Seals, Whales, Climate, Ports, towns. Population — State of Guerrero,298
CHAPTER 10. — State of Queretaro — Boundaries, Divisions, Characteristics, Rivers, Population and climate. Districts, etc. Agricultural products. Forests, Factories, Cities, Mines — State of Guanajuato — Boundaries, Extent, Soil — Lake Yurirapundaro — Climate, Effect of maladies — Productions, Vine, Olive — Divisions — Population — City of Guanajuato — Towns in the state — Hacienda of Jaral — Mines — Silver, Copper, Lead, Cinnabar — Zacatecas — Boundaries, Extent, Agriculture, Divisions, Population, Towns — Zacatécas — Aguas Calientes, etc. — Product and value of Zacatecan mines — Ruins of Quemada in Zacatécas,306
CHAPTER 11. — State of San Luis Potosi — Boundaries, Lakes, Rivers, Climate, Departments, Products — San Luis — Towns — Mining region — New Leon — Boundaries, Character, Rivers, Climate, Departments — Agriculture — Grazing, etc. — Monterey — Coahuila — Boundary, Position, Climate, Productions, Towns — State of Durango — Boundary, Character, Divisions, Streams, Productions — City of Durango — Towns, Mines, Iron, Silver — Indian necrology — Cave burial,324
CHAPTER 12. — State of Chihuahua — Position, Boundaries, Extent, Characteristics, Rivers, Lakes, Indians, Divisions, Climate, Productions — Cattle estates — Mint — Mines — Principal towns — Chihuahua — El Paso del Norte — Military importance — El Paso wine, etc. — Antiquities — Indian ravages — The Bolson de Mapimi — Mexican modes of travelling and transportation — Litera — Mules — Arrieros — Conducta — Coaches — Freight wagons — Mexican habit of Home-staying — want of exploration — Modern advancement,334
Appendix No. 1 — Profile of the Plateau — Mexico to Santa Fé — Santa Fé to the Gulf,346
Appendix No. 2 — Mexican Coins, Weights and Measures,347
BOOK VI.
THE TERRITORY OF NEW MEXICO. — Exploration of the far west — Long, Nicollet, Frémont — Santa Fé trade — First adventurers — Caravans — New Mexico erected by Congress into a territory — Geological structure of New Mexico — The Rio Grande — Its value — Soil — Products — Irrigation — Cattle — Indians — Mines — Gold — Silver — Copper — Iron — Gypsum — Salt — Climate — Pueblo Indians — Wild Indians enumerated — Number of Pueblo Indians — Census — Proximate present population — Character of people and government — Santa Fé — Alburquerque — Valley of Toas — Statistics of Santa Fé trade, etc. — Itinerary from Fort Leavenworth to Santa Fé and El Paso,351
THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA 1. — Title to the region — Missionary settlement. Its purposes — Character of California — Secularization of missions — Population in missions — Agricultural statistics — Cattle — Hides — Tallow — Herdsmen — Trade — The war — Condition of California at its close — Progress of settlement and law — Constitution adopted — Admission as a state — Former boundaries — The great Basin — Utah — Great Salt Lake — Pyramid lake — Rivers — Present state boundaries — Area — Geography — Sacramento — San Joaquin — Shastl peak367
STATE OF CALIFORNIA 2. — Configuration of the state — Bay of San Francisco and city — Rivers of California — Character of soil, etc. — Relative sterility and productiveness — Climate — Dry and wet seasons — Causes of change — Climate in San Francisco, coast range valleys and interior valley — Area of arable and grazing land — Productions — Discovery of gold — Its position — The placeres — Washing — Digging — The Mines — Calculations as to the yield of the mines — Gold yielded by California — Its quality — Quicksilver mines — Commerce — Population — Growth of cities — Old presidios — Towns — Land titles — Mission lands — Conclusion,378
Appendix 1 & 2. — Meteorological Observations in California,398