one of Saint Finnen's scholars; he established a monastic institution at Saighir. By some he is supposed to have died in Cornwall, and to have been identical with Saint Piran, whose little Church of Piranzabuloe was preserved intact for centuries covered with sand. His festival is the 15th of March. 119 179 234
Clarence, Lionel, Duke of, second son of Edward III., was born at Antwerp 29th November 1338. In 1352 he married Lady Elizabeth de Burgh, heiress of the Earl of Ulster, and in her right assumed the style of Earl of Ulster, Lord of Connaught and Tuam. Accompanied by his wife, he landed in Ireland, 15th September 1361, as Lord-Lieutenant, at the head of a powerful array, commanded by the ablest English warriors. He gave much offence to the Anglo-Irish lords by his English exclusiveness, and by forbidding any Irish-born to approach his camp. His first expedition against the O'Byrnes was singularly unsuccessful, and by February, "being in imminent peril from the daily increasing strength of his enemies," his father was obliged to send him additional reinforcements. Next year he was created
Duke of Clarence, from the lordship of Clare, in Suffolk, which he had acquired through his wife. She died during his residence in Ireland. He strengthened Dublin Castle, and for a time removed the Exchequer from Dublin to Carlow. He was unsuccessful in prosecuting his Irish wars, or in recovering any of his wife's estates. In the course of the six following years he was thrice Lord-Lieutienant. In 1367 the Duke left the country finally, and shortly afterwards he married an Italian princess, with a dowry of £200,000, besides the town of Alba and several castles in Piedmont. During his administration, and under his presidency, in 1367, the memorable Statute of Kilkenny was passed by the Irish Parliament, rigidly prescribing laws or demarcation between the inhabitants of the Pale and the rest of Ireland. Mr. Eichey, after considering this statute, comes to "the conclusion that the English government at this time abandoned the prospect of reducing to obedience the Irish and degenerate English, and, adopting a policy purely defensive, sought merely to preserve in allegiance to the English crown the miserable remains of the Irish kingdom." Yet it was not long after the passage of this statute that we find the colonists of the Pale writing to the King that "the Irish, with his other enemies and rebels, continued to ride over the country in hostile array, slaying those who oppose them, despoiling the monasteries, churches, castles, towns, and fortresses of the English, without reverence for God or Holy Church, to the great shame and disherison of his Majesty." The Duke of Clarence died in 1368, aged about 30, and the dukedom became extinct. 134 174 335
Clarke, Adam, Rev., LL.D., biblical commentator, was born at Magherafelt in 1760. From early youth he discovered a deeply religious temperament, and thirst for knowledge. He was apprenticed to a branch of the linen business; but his father and mother being Methodists, and the theological bent of the boy's mind becoming known to some of the ministers who visited at their house, he was admitted to a school founded by Wesley at Kingswood, near Bristol. There he devoted himself unreservedly to preparing himself for the ministry. He studied Hebrew and a course of Oriental languages beyond the ordinary curriculum of the school. In 1782 he was ordained by Wesley, and for twenty years he laboured principally in the provinces, residing in London or upon a small estate acquired by him in Lancashire. His preaching attracted immense numbers, and he daily gained influence and reputation. In 1802 he published a Bibliographical Dictionary in 6 vols. This work increased his already great reputation; he was admitted a member of the Royal Society of Antiquaries, the Royal Irish Academy, and other learned bodies. The University of St. Andrews conferred upon him the degrees of M.A. and LL.D. His writings are considered to have materially helped to remove the contempt theretofore attached to the name of Methodist. By the Commissioners of Public Records he was induced to edit Rymer's Foedera, for which he was ill fitted, and which brought him little credit. To one great work he devoted the best energies of his life—The Holy Bible, with a Commentary and Critical Notes. The first volume appeared in 1810; the eighth and last in 1826. Bickersteth says: "There is much valuable matter in it. Light is sometimes thrown on difficult passages; but he is too fond of innovations and justifying generally condemned characters, and has both eccentric and exceptionable passages." 16 He has been charged with parading the oriental learning which he is understood to have possessed; but his excellence of character is unquestioned. "He was in every sense of the word a good man, and his life presents an instructive lesson of rewards and honours attending useful labours, and consistent, virtuous action." 40 He was the author of several other works besides those men-
