words is in writing as much as possible avoided and colloquially handl! logr! are the common forms. Verbs in -ne with preceding consonant form their imperative regularly: vaagn op, wake up; sygn lien! languish.
210. Verbs belonging to the second class form their imperfect by adding -te, past participle by adding -t without change of the radical vowel.
Inf. at rose to praise, pres. roser, impf. roste, past partc. rost.
(The other forms can easily be formed by comparison with the paradigm given of the first class).
In this manner are conjugated a great number of verbs ending in a single consonant (-b, -d, -g, -l, -r, -n, -s) with a preceding long vowel, or in the double consonant -mm or the combinations -ld and -ng; Ex.: raabe to cry, raabte (but haabe to hope, haabede); koge to cook, kogte (but toge to march in procession, togede); tömme to empty, tömte (but svömme swim, svömmede coll. svömte.
Obs. have to have, pres. har, pl. have, impf. havde; dö to die, impf. döde, ptcp. död; ske happen, imp. skete or skede, ptcp. skeet.
211. Verbs of the third class add in impf. -te (-de), partcp. -t and at the same time change the radical vowel from -æ or -ø in infinitive to resp. -a and -u (-o) in impf.
Note: This change of vowel is explained by the fact that the infinitive of these verbs which in the old language ended in -ja, has the form with mutation, while in imperf. there was no reason for mutation, so the original radical vowel again appeared there (retro-mutation, G. Rückumlaut, D. Gjenomlyd).
To this class belong:
| kvæle to stifle, | kvalte | kvalt. |
| lægge to lay, | lagde | lagt. |
