Simple Form.
కొ ఖొ గొ చొ ఛొ ఠొ tho డొ do ఢొ dho తొ థొ దొ ధొ బొ bo భొ bho. రొ ro లొ lo. Four letters have a peculiar shape పొ po ఫొ pho షొ sho సొ so.
All these may be elongated by adding the accent, thus కో cō గో gō &c.
Compound Form.
కెు co ఘెు gho మెు mo యెు yo వెు vo శెు so హెు &c.
Most of these are elongated by adding ా (dirgham) as కెూ cō ఖెూ khō &c. పెూ pō వెూ vō నెూ nō. The long form is often (wrongly) written instead of the short.
Thus ĕ and ŭ compounded, (like eau in French) become ō But five letters omit the sign ు when the vowel is long. Thus ఘెూ ghō ఝెూ jhō మెూ mō యెూ yō (
Telugu characters) hō
The vowel ఔ au, or ow, as in cow, out, mount; but it is compounded of A and U and accordingly in common writing the initial shape ఔ is never used; అవు avu being substituted. And the v being silent as already shewn, this is pronounced aw or au. Thus అవుట auta, or, avuta (to become), which in the dictionary is ఔట awta, pronounced like the English word outer. Thus ఔదార్య audaryam generosity, is commonly written అవుదార్యం but the pronunciation remains unaltered.
The (Telugu characters) is (very needlessly) retained in combination with au as regards some letters. Thus మౌ mau యౌ yau, హౌ hau. The following are the shapes used.
