(3) (
Hebrew characters) ((Greek characters))] commonly supposed to be the Lybians, the ((Hebrew characters))
(Hebrew characters) of Nah. 39, Dn. 1143, 2 Ch. 123 168, [Ezk. 305?]. Müller thinks it a
variant of (Hebrew characters) (1).
(4) (Hebrew characters) ((Greek characters))] Müller proposes (Hebrew characters) = P-to-n-'ḥe, 'cow-*land,'—the name of the Oasis of Farāfra. But there is a strong presumption that, as the next name stands for Upper Egypt, this will be a designation of Lower Egypt. So Erman (ZATW, x. 118 f.), who reads (Hebrew characters) = p-t-maḥī, 'the north-land,'—at all periods the native name of Lower Egypt. More recently Spiegelberg (OLz. ix. 276 ff.) recognises in it an old name of the Delta, and reads without textual change Na-patûh—'the people of the Delta.' (5) (Hebrew characters) ((Greek characters))] the inhabitants of (Hebrew characters) (Is. 1111, Jer. 441. 15, Ezk. 3014), i.e. Upper Egypt: P-to-reši = 'south-land' (Ass. paturisi): see Erman, l.c.
(6) (Hebrew characters) ((Greek characters))] Doubtful conjectures in Di. Müller restores
with help of G (Hebrew characters), which he identifies with the (Greek characters) of Her. ii.
32, iv. 172, 182, 190,—a powerful tribe of nomad Lybians, near the
Oasis of Amon. Sayce has read the name Kasluhat on the inscr. of
Ombos (see on Kaphtorim, below); Man, 1903, No. 77.
(7) (Hebrew characters) ((Greek characters))] The Philistines are here spoken of as an
offshoot of the Kaslûḥîm,—a statement scarcely intelligible in the
light of other passages (Jer. 474, Am. 97; cf. Dt. 223), according to which
the Ph. came from Kaphtōr. The clause (Hebrew characters) is therefore in
all probability a marginal gloss meant to come after (Hebrew characters).—The Ph.
are mentioned in the Eg. monuments, under the name Purašati, as the
leading people in a great invasion of Syria in the reign of Ramses III.
(c. 1175 B.C.). The invaders came both by land and sea from the coasts
of Asia Minor and the islands of the Ægean; and the Philistines
established themselves on the S coast of Palestine so firmly that, though
nearly all traces of their language and civilisation have disappeared,
their name has clung to the country ever since. See Müller, AE, 387-90,
and MVAG, v. 2 ff.; Moore, EB, iii. 3713 ff.
(8) (Hebrew characters) ((Greek characters))] Kaphtōr (Dt. 223, Am. 97, Jer. 474) has usually
been taken for the island of Crete (see Di.), mainly because of the
repeated association of (Hebrew characters) (Cretans?) with the Philistines and the
Philistine territory (1 Sa. 3014. 16, Ezk. 2516, Zeph. 25). There are convincing
reasons for connecting it with Keftiu (properly 'the country
behind'), an old Eg. name for the 'lands of the Great Ring' (the
Eastern Mediterranean), or the 'isles of the Great Green,' i.e. SW Asia
Minor, Rhodes, Crete, and the Mycenian lands beyond, to the NW of
Egypt (see Müller, AE, 337, 344-53, 387 ff.; and more fully H. R. Hall
in Annual of the British School at Athens, 1901-2, pp. 162-6). The precise
phonetic equivalent Kptār has been found on a late mural decoration
at Ombos (Sayce, HCM6, 173; EHH, 291; Müller, MVAG, 1900,
- [Footnote: When this 'cuckoo's egg' is ejected, the author finds that the 'sons' of
Egypt are all dependencies or foreign possessions, and are to be sought outside the Nile valley. The theory does not seem to have found much favour from Egyptologists or others.]
