DISCUSSION AND CORRESPONDENCE 299
noted before, is that the row of stones forming the south or southeast side is broken by a gap about six feet wide and from this gap two lines of stones project perpendicular to the side of the square. (See figure 14.) When we consider that these squares are the plans of dwellings of some sort, the parallel walls beside the door suggest the vestibule of a house. Although these ruins are fairly common the writer worked two summers in the region before he recognized them as a distinct type. 1
In north central Arizona two Indian tribes build earth lodges the Navajo and the Havasupai. In common with the Navajo hogan our ruin shares the door on the southeast side. The size of the room more nearly approaches that of the hogan than that of the small stone houses that also dot the region. Except for the line of small boulders which mark the sites no trace of the building material exists. The ruins of a Navajo hogan is a circle of soil on the ground surrounding a depression. Our ruin is a square or rectangle of stones surrounding a depression. To this extent the two are similar.
The Havasupai, who by tradition give as their ancient home the San Francisco Mountain region, build hogan-shaped shelters of willow branches in Cataract canyon. On the plateau above, these shelters take the form of earth-lodges. Some of these are round and some square but none were seen where the ground plan would indicate a vestibule.
It might be well to note that the vestibule is regularly a feature of some round earth-lodges such as those of the Pawnee. From the evidence presented above we can infer that our dwelling like the Navajo hogan, was
1 The largest groups are located as follows:
Two groups north of Flagstaff reservoir on the Schultz Pass road. Township 22 N-RyE Section 33, Twelve houses seven of which show the vestibule.
Babbitt pasture, two houses, Township 21 N-R?E Section 4.
Top of Turkey Tank Mt., one distinct house, five others indistinct. Township 2IN-R9E, Section n.
Dead man's flat, two houses distinct, three others indistinct. Township 24N- R8E, Section 29.
Dead man's flat, three houses, two distinct other indistinct. Township 24N-R8E, Section 28.
Dead man's flat, one house distinct, two others indistinct. Township 24N-R8E, Section 28.
Two miles south of Fortress Mt., two houses distinct. Township 2IN-RQE, Sec- tion 22.
House in spatter cone SE of Red peak. Township 22N-RpE, Section 33.
Dan Francis estate, two houses. Township 2iN-R7E, Section 9.
Elden spring, one house distinct, many indistinct. Township 2iN-R7E, Section n.
South of Dry Lake Mt. one house distinct, others indistinct. Township 22N- R?E, Section 34.
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