TRUDEAU 1163 TRYON merits on immunity and on the effect of vac- cines on guineapigs, while, in a hole in a corner of his yard and on an island, he proved the value of fresh air upon tuberculous rabbits. He showed that the only definite immunity that could be induced in experimental animals was through the use of live tubercle bacilli. He had worked with tuberculin before Koch's publication of its discovery, but unlike the great German, he was not led astray in determining its value. His contributions to clinical medicine are limited chiefly to papers on sanatorium work and on tuberculin, in which his belief was strong but tempered with moderation, a characteristic of his writings. His health began to fail in 1906, after the sudden death of his son Edward, and in the next few years his old pulmonarj' disease gradually became more . active until it had involved the left lung so extensively that only when it was compressed by nitrogen, was a brief respite obtained. He was greatly in- capacitated, however, and spent much time in bed, but his influence on tuberculosis work throughout America was unrivalled and un- abated. His strength gradually failed, and on November IS, 1915, he died at his home in Saranac Lake. The village of Saranac Lake grew about Trudeau, who was its first president, its chief citizen, and long guided its development. He raised funds for the erection of St. John's-in-the- Wilderness, the Episcopal Church at Paul Smiths, of which he was warden until his death, and where he and three of his chil- dren are buried. His firm but broad and tolerant religious convictions were largely in- strumental in building St. Luke's Church at Saranac Lake, of which he was Senior Warden. Trudeau was long a member of the Associa- tion of American Physicians, and in 1905 its president. In 1910 he was elected president of the Congress of American Physicians and Surgeons, and many will remember the spirit of the man, too weak to be heard, who chose as the theme for his presidential address "Op- timism in Medicine." He was the first presi- dent and a director of the National Associa- tion for the Study and Prevention of Tuber- culosis. In 1S99 he receiver the honorary de- gree of Master of Science, from Columbia LTniversity, and that of Doctor of Laws, from McGill University in 1904, and from the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania in 1913. He refused other degrees as he was unable, on acount of his health, to be present to receive them. He was a member of the Century Association of New York. Trudeau was deeply interested in the early diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuber- culosis. His ability to interest others, his choice of forceful, picturesque diction, his wide sympathies, and above all, the indescribable charm of personality which he possessed, made him a great physician. His search for a cure for tuberculosis ended only with his failing strength. It led him to experiment with and to discard many remedies and dominated all his experimental work. "The Sanatorium repre- sents what we know now," he said ; "the labor- atory what we hope to know in the future." He was not a student but grasped quickly the fundamentals and was able to present his ideas clearly and forcibly. His never failing en- thusiasm in his work and his eagerness to explain it to everyone interested in it, his modesty of thought, his deference to the opin- ions of the younger medical men, made him a great teacher and developed in them individ- ual thinking, which highly pleased him. L.'WR.'soN Brown. Tlie Hist, of the Tulierculosis Work at Saranac Lake. Med. Xews. 1903, Oct. 24. p. 8. An AtitobioR-. E. L. Trudeau. Phila., 1916. . Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., April, 1916. Bibliog. Tryon, James Rufus (1837-1912). James Rufus Tryon, United States Navy, was born September 24, 1837, at Coxsackie on the Hudson. He graduated with the degree of A. B. in 1858 at Union College, Schenectady, New York, from which he also received the degrees of Ph. D. in 1891 and LL. D. in 1895. He gradauted in medicine in 1860 at the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, March 19, 1863; he was appointed an acting assistant surgeon in the Navy, Sept. 22, 1863, an assistant sur- geon, Dec. 22, 1866, passed assistant surgeon, June 30, 1873, surgeon, Sept. 22, 1981, medical inspector and chief of bureau of medicine and surgery. Navy Department (Surgeon Gener- al), May 12, 1893. On January 21, 1897, he was appointed Medical Director. He served in the West Gulf Squadron, during the Civil War; was 'n the fight at Mobile Bay; later was in charge of the Naval Hospital at Pensacola, Florida. At the close of the war he was placed in charge of the Naval Hospital, Boston. Mas- sachusetts. From June 30, 1866, to February 4, 1870, he was on duty as assistant in the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery. . He was then ordered on sea duty in the Asiatic Squadron ; in 1871 was in charge of the temporary smallpox hos- pital at Yokohama, Japan, during an epidemic, he also superintended the building of the U. S. Naval Hospital at Yokohama. Returning to the United States, he was for some time again in charge of the Naval Hospital at Pensacola,
