GRADLE 453 GRAHAM mological Society (of which he was once president), The American Medical Associa- tion, and the Heidelberger Ophthalmological Society. He wrote, as stated, the first work in English on the "Germ Theory," and also a "Textbook on the Nose, Pharynx and Ear." He also contributed numerous articles to American and German periodicals. As an operator, he was unexcelled. Dr. Gradle was a man of unique person- ality. "The Little Giant," Dr. G. Frank Lydston called him. He was five feet one inch high, stockily built, and with a very large head. In early life his hair was black, curly, and abundant, but, as his years advanced, he became almost totally bald. His reddish mustache was never tamed, but wandered at will. He was wont to declare it "a virgin." His eyes were brown and usually very seri- ous, though any incident that appealed to him aroused in them a merry twinkle. He was a man of rugged constitution, and daily for over thirty years walked to and from his office — nearly two miles. His manner with patients was brusque, and he did not attempt to in- gratiate himself. But his worth soon revealed itself to them, and seldom if ever did his patients seek other sources of aid. He was a counsellor, and they came to him with their woes as well as with their ocular pathology. His recreations were very few and sim- ple. Chief of all was scientific reading, and this he indulged in nightly from 9:30 to 12:00, propped up in bed and smoking a cigar. Not alone ophthalmology, but general medicine, bacteriology, neurology and especially physi- ology and physiologic optics were among his favorite subjects. Helmholtz was his divinity, and he discovered passages in the great man's writings that had been entirely overlooked by even trained physicists. His other recreations were : horseback riding, sea-bathing, croquet and walking. Once a week he bowled with a few old friends. He married August 31, 1881, Miss Fanny Searls. Dr. Harry S. Gradle, ophthalmologist of Chicago, was their son. Dr. Henry Gradle died at Santa Barbara, California, April 4, 1911, of carcinoma of the bladder, aged 55. His large collection of medical books was left to the John Crerpr Library, at Chicago. He also left to the Crerar Library a fund the yearly increment ot which was devoted to the purchase of jour- nals relating to the eye, ear, nose and throat. Thomas Hall Shastid. The Ophthalmoscope, June, 191 1, 465. Chiefly from private sources. Graham, James (1819-1879) James Graham, clinical teacher, was born in New Lisbon, Ohio, May 28, 1819, the third son of George and Eliza Nelson Graham, his father coming from County Down, Ireland. As a boy and young man he worked with an engineer in making surveys and laying out work for contractors on the Sandy and Bcevus Canals. With the money thus earned and saved he studied medicine with Dr. McCosh, alter a year beginning practice with Dr. George Fries, his brother-in-law. He was a graduate of Jefferson College, Washington County, Pennsylvania. In 1849 he moved to Cincinnati, Dr. Fries having preceded him, where they practised together until the Civil War. The year he began practice in Cin- cinnati the cholera epidemic was raging, and Dr. Graham was appointed physician to the quarantine station. Soon thereafter he had charge of the County Infirmary and in 1851, when the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery was founded, he was made professor of materia medica and lectured on materia medica and therapeutics in the Miami Medical College during the session of 1853-54. In the latter year he was elected professor of physiology and clinical medicine in the Medical College of Ohio. Among other posi- tions held were those of the professor of materia medica and therapeutics, 1855; pro- fessor of clinical medicine, 1859; professor ui theory and practice. 1864; professor emeritus, 1874. For many years he was dean of the faculty. For a period of twenty-five years he was clinical lecturer in the Commercial (later City) Hospital, and in the Good Samaritan Hos- pital, and president of the Academy of Medi- cine of Cincinnati in 1872. He was odd and witty, as attested by the anecdotes that are to be found in "Daniel Drake and His Follow- ers." Dr. J. S. Billings said of Graham that he was "slender, graceful, of light complexion, a shrewd and rapid reasoner, a marvelous diag- nostician, a most eloquent lecturer, a man who would have made a great lawyer or politician." Dr. Graham never married. He died October 6, 1879, of Bright's disease. A. G. Drury. Daniel Drake and His Followers. O. Juettner 1909, pp. 235-41. Portrait. Graham, James Elliott (1847-1899) James E, Graham, dermatologist, was born in Brampton, County of Peel, Ontario, Can-
