HAYS 509 HAYWARD wanted to be a doctor, but the father put him into his counting house. A year proved enough for the son, who then began to study medicine under Dr. Nathaniel Chapman (q. v.), and his fondness for the natural sciences and mathematics determined him to study ophthal- mology. In 1820 he took his M. D. at the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, his thesis being "Sym- pathy." When thirty-eight he married Sarah Minis of Savannah, Georgia, and had four children, one of whom. Dr. I. Minis Plays, was co-editor with his father of the American Journal of the Medical Sciences. Dr. Hays gained celebrity in eye surgery, and he was connected with the Wills Hospi- tal and the Pennsylvania Infirmary for Eye Diseases. He edited and added to Laurence's work on "Diseases of the Eye" ; Arnott's "Elements of Physics," Wilson's "American Ornithology," and Hoblyn's "Dictionary of Medical Terms." With Dr. Robert L. Griffith (q. V.) he translated two volumes by Broussais, "The Principles of Physiological Medicine" and "Chronic Phlegmasia." He began an "American Cyclopedia of Practical Medicine and Surgery," but got only as far as "A to Azygos." He established The Medical News in 1843, and in 1874 the Monthly Abstract of Medical Science, both published in Philadel- phia. Of the human side of the man various writers give glimpses, and those pleasant ones. Handsome, tall, benevolent, a bland and dig- nified gentleman of the old school with cour- teous manners and a warm heart. He had plenty of friends, too ; a frequent guest at the Wistar parties; intimate relations with Prince Lucien Bonaparte and all scientists. In 1833 he published : "Descriptions of the Inferior Maxillary Bones of Mastodons." He recorded the first case of astigmatism published in America. Donders cites in historical order the first five eases reported, of which Dr. Hays' e»se stands as-Ae fifth. To the very end of his long life Dr. Hays took a keen interest in tfee editing trf the journals with which his name was inseparably associated. To the v#ry last his mind was un- clouded. An attack of influenza from which he never rallied was the cause of death on the twelfth of April, 1879. Among other distinctions he was president of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila- delphia ; corresponding member of the Royal Society of Northern Antiquarians, Copen- hagen, and other foreign societies ; fellow of the College of Physicians ; first president of the Ophthalmological Society of Philadelphia ; honorary member of the American Ophthal- mological Society. Amer. Jour. Med. Sciences, Philadelphia, 1879, n. s. vol. Ixxviii. Portrait. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, Philadelphia, 1879. Med. Rec. New York. 1879. vol. xv. Trans. Coll. Phys., Philadelphia, 1881, 3 series, vol. V. A. Stiile. Rise and Prog. Ophthal. in Philadelphia, S. D. Risley. Hayward, George (1791-1863). George Hayward, the first to do a major surgical operation with ether anesthesia, was born in Boston, March 9, 1791, and died of apoplexy in the saine city, October 7, 1863. He was the son of Dr. Lemuel Hayward (1749- 1821) of Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, sur- geon of the Revolution. He received the degree of A. B. from Har- vard College in 1809, and also from Yale in the same year, and the degree of M. D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1S12. Then he studied abroad under Sir Astley Cooper, Abernethy and other eminent teachers of the time. Of a sanguine temperament he put great energy and zeal into his medical work from the first. On his return from abroad he was one of the members of a private med- ical club including in its membership Channing, Bigelow, Gorham, J. C. Warren and Ware (q. v. to all), who met weekly for the reading of medical papers to be published later in the Ne7ii England Journal of Medicine and Sur- gery. In 1830 Hayward joined with J. C. War- ren and Enoch Hale (q. v.) in forming a pri- vate medical school, which lived eight years. He translated Bichat and Beclard's "General Anatomy," four volumes, 8°, thus first bring- ing to the attention of the profession of this country the new science of histology, and he assisted in framing the report upon small- pox of the consulting physicians of the city of Boston, in 1837, outlining the procedure adopted to-day in handling contagious diseases. He devoted himself largely to surgical work and was known as a careful and judicious operator, so that in 183S, when Harvard es- tablished a professorship of the principles of surgery and clinical surgery, he was chosen to fill the chair. He held teaching clinics at the Massachusetts General Hospital, where he was visiting surgeon, and it was he who did the second surgical operation ever done upon a patient under the influence of ether, the removal of a fatty tumor of the shoulder, on October 17, 1846, occupying seven minutes. This was the day following the first opera- tion under ether, by J. C. Warren. On No- vember 7, 1846, he did the first major opera- tion under ether anesthesia in the same insti-
