KOLLOCK 673 KRACKOWIZER he never did an unnecessary or premature op- eration" is the tribute paid him by his pupil and successor, Francis Bacon (q. v.)- Although Dupuytren had cured popliteal aneurysm by compression in 1818 (Bull. Fac. d. Med. de Paris, 1818, vi, 242) to Knight the credit is due of employing digital compression for the cure of aneurysm. This was done in 1848 by relays of assistants from among his pupils at the medical school, who relieved each other at short intervals. After forty hours' treat- ment, the aneurysm disappeared. He was twice president of the American Medical Association, his re-election due to the skilful way in which he presided over its first session, using his common sense, with- out, as he admitted, much knowledge of par- liamentary rules. He died on August 25, 1864. Unfortunately, he wrote little, save two intro- ductory lectures and an eulogium on Dr. Na- than Smith. A portrait by Nathaniel Jocelyn was painted in 1828 and is still in existence. Walter R. Steiner. Proceedings of Connecticut Medical Society, 1864- 1867. Some Account of the Medical Profession in New Haven, F. Bacon, 1887. Yale College, W. L. Kingsley, N. Y., 1879, vol. ii. Kollock, Cornelius (1824-1897) Cornelius Kollock, who for the last twenty years of his life devoted himself to gynecology and abdominal surgery in the little village of Cheraw, South Carolina, near which he was born December 7, 1824, was well known and consulted in both the Carolinas, and was pres- ident of the South Carolina Medical Associa- tion in 1887 and president of the Southern Surgical and Gynecological Association in 1894. He was the son of Oliver Hawes and Sarah Wilson Kollock. Student days were passed at Brown University, Rhode Island (A. B. 184S), and his M. D. taken at the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania in 1848, after which he studied in Paris for two years in the lead- ing clinics. Then he settled down in Cheraw, a town which even when he died had only about one thousand inhabitants including five doctors. A glance at the portrait of Kol- lock shows he knew his own mind and under what circumstances he could do his best work. He published several papers in the medical journals of Charleston and Atlanta, notably the "History, Pathology, and Treatment of the Epizootic of 1873," in the Southern Cultivator, of Atlanta. The "Transactions of the Ameri- can G>'necological Society" show the deep in- terest he took in professional subjects even when seventy years old. A Christian man of unflinching integrity and courage, skilful in surgery and in dealing with men his death on the seventeenth of August, 1897, caused universal regret. He married Mary Henrietta Shaw of Bos- ton, in 1857, and one son, Charles Wilson, fol- lowed his father's profession. Trans. Araer. Gyn. Soc, R. B. Maury, 1898, vol. xxiii. Portrait. Trans. South. Surg, and Gyn. Asso., 1899, vol. xi. Portrait. Krackowizer, Ernst (1821-1875) Ernst Krackowizer, New York surgeon, was born December 3, 1821, in a small town in up- per Austria. After finishing his college course he began the study of medicine in 1840. The next five years he spent in Vienna, Pavia, and again in Vienna, where he graduated in 1845. He was then selected by Schuh, at that time one of the greatest surgeons of Europe, to participate in a special course on operations, which lasted two years. He removed to a small town to practise his profession, but was within a few months recalled by Schuh to fill the place of his first clinical assistant, and to travel with him over the northern part of Eu- rope. At that time Krackowizer was the first person on whom the anesthetic influence ot chloroform was tried in Vienna. In that con- nection, I, a very young student in a distant part of the country, heard his name mentioned. Krackowizer was a patriot and took an ac- tive part in the revolution of 1848, serving on the battlefield as a surgeon and in the clinic at Tuebingen, where he had been forced to flee from Vienna; finally when his requisition was demanded by Austria and the small kingdom of Wuertemberg was unable to resist, he sailed for the land of the free and landed in New York, June 28, 1850. He settled in Williams- burg, where he was married in 1851, and en- gaged in a rapidly increasing practice, until he removed to New York City in the autumn of 1857, to live there the- rest of his life. He served as visiting surgeon to the Brooklyn City Hospital for several years until his increasing duties in New York made further service across the river impossible. It is easy to ima- gine that the Brooklyn hospital appreciated what this thoroughly trained surgeon brought from the battle fields and clinics of Europe. In 1858 Dr. Krackowizer received from a friend in Vienna a laryngoscope which had been invented by Manuel Garcia in 1855 and had been described by Czermak and Tuerck in Vienna in March and June, 1858. This was the first laryngoscope to reach the Western hemisphere. With it Krackowizer demonstrat- ed the vocal cords for the purpose of proving
