KRACKOWIZER 674 KRAEMER its possibilities, but being a general surgeon he made no further use of the instrument. On February 1, 1852, Krackowizer joined Drs. Roth and Herczka in the publication of the New Yorker Medicinische Monatsschrift (New York Medical Monthly) which was dis- continued after a year, and forms a handsome volume of 388 pages. It was published in the German language, and was meant to circulate among the German physicians of this country and Europe. It contained original papers, his- tories of important cases, clinical observations, extracts, reviews and criticisms, most of them of a superior order. Dr. Krackowizer's chief contributions to medical literature were : "His- tory of a Tumor Vasculosus on the Occiput of a Child" ; "Improvement of the Exarticula- tion in the Ankle-joint, with Resection of the Malleoli; According to Syme;" "Staphylorrha- phy;" "Detmold's Treatment of Pes Valgus;" "The Modern Views of Syphilis," and "Con- tributions to the Diagnosis of Hernia." From the time he landed in New York until his death he was an American, and the lan- guage of his adopted country he considered to be the proper means of communication with his fellows, and well he knew how to use it. In his character he blended the good qualities of both nations. He held membership in the following societies : Medical Society of the County of New York, Academy of Medicine, Pathological Society (President) ; Medical Li- brary and Journal Association, New York Public Health Association, American Medical Association. He was one of the surgeons of the German Dispensary, later of the German Hospital; of the Mount Sinai Hospital ; of the New York Hospital, and for two j'ears before his death, of Bellevue Hospital. At the last institution there was a difference between the board of governors and the surgical staff, one of those disagreements that are so common in our large hospitals, the zy governors not holding to their agreement to leave the reorganization of the hospital to the medical board, and Dr. Krackowizer resigned. As president of the Pathological Society and as a member of the Academy of Medicine he took a prominent part in their affairs; he was the life of the German Dispensary; as a citi- zen he was an esteemed member of the Com- mittee of Seventy and of the Council of Po- litical Reform. He was an able surgeon and a strong man. He died of typhoid fever at Sing Sing, New York, at the early age of fifty-three years, September 23, 1875. A. Jacobi. Kraemer, Adolph (1864-1911) Adolf Kraemer, an oculist of Switzerland and California, author of a volume of the Graefe-Saemisch Handbuch der Augenheil- kunde (2d ed.) entitled "Animal Parasites of the Eye," was born at Giessen, Germany, June 20, 1864, and received the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Basle, Switzerland, in 1892, his dissertation being "Parasites of Fresh Water Fishes." The degree of M. D. he received at Zurich in 1894, on which occasion his disserta- tion was "Spinal Meningitis." For the next six months he studied gynecology with Pozzi, of Paris. Soon, however, he returned to oph- thalmology, which he found much more to his liking. For a time he was assistant in oph- thalmology at the University Clinic at Basle, and afterwards, for a somewhat longer period, at Zurich. Then he practised for a number of years at Heiden, a Swiss watering-place. While there, he contributed numerous oph- thalmologic articles to the various German, French and English journals. From Heiden he removed to San Diego, California, U. S. A., where he practised from 1902 until the end of his life. In 1898 he married Mary Clifford Webster, daughter of John Ordway Webster, of Augusta, Maine. Of the union were born two children, Hilde and Eric. Dr. Kraemer died Jan. 22, 1911. In every way the subject of this sketch was a man of striking personality. Six feet high, broad-shouldered, with black mustache and beard, black hair, brown eyes, and a very vi- vacious expression and manner, he produced at once a decided, as well as enduring, impres- sion. He was eager and rapid in conversation, extremely congefiial, and yet not fond of so- ciety. His studious tastes would seem to have prevented that. His temperament was mer- curial, easily elated and easily depressed. In the wonders of nature, however, he found a perpetual solace. His chief recreation being botanizing, he collected a fine herbarium of the plants of Southern California, which he presented to the University of Basle. He was an ardent devotee of outdoor nature, from its smallest to its largest forms, and was on the point of removing his family to the shores of Lake Constance, Switzerland, because of the beautiful scenery there, when the summons came to leave this world, which he had found so beautiful, so full of changing interests. Thomas Hall Shastid. Exclusively from private sources. Kreider, Michael Zimtnermann (1803-1855) A pioneer surgeon in Ohio, he was born in Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, the son of Daniel
