20 AX AUSTRALIAN LANGUAGE.
G. Manner.
There is a class of Avords that fulfil the -luty of qualifying action as adverbs of manner, but they have the forms of verbs ; so that they may be called qualifying verbs. They agree in final termination with the verbs they qualify. Karaia or karoe is 'to do anything in a great manner.' In the participal form it is used thus : — gibbuni karandallen, ' full moon '; karandallen kwog, 'heavy rain'; karandallen wibara, 'the fire is hot'; karaggen wvirrig, 'very cold.' With verbs it is used in a different form ; as, wemully karaielly, 'speak loudly.'
Gumoe is 'in a small way'; as, gumundallen gibbiim, 'little moon'; wemi;lly gumoelly, 'speak gently.' Magoe means 'to continue'; as, magoale wemully, 'continue speaking.' Boe is 'to speak by oneself; as, boelly wemully, 'speak by yourself,' or ' speak alone.' Others are, — karaharai-elly dugga, ' cry very loudly '; nunnoelly dugga, 'cry very gently '; nugummanna dugga, 'cry quickly'; niganna dugga ' stop crying.'
7. Affections of the mind.
'Doubt' is exjiressed by wunye, which sometimes takes the form of bunye. Gaio wanye human, nobo wunye, 'I will beat you, perhaps to-morrow.' 'Hope' is expressed by jim ; as, mullaijun kulgai wibara, 'it is hoped that he will cut wood.' 'Fear' is expressed by the word twin; as, gaio twiggalla we bar a kulgai, 'I am afraid to cut wood.' 'Pity' and 'sympathy' arc often expressed by idioms meaning literally, ' smelling a bad or a good smell'; e.g., gai mullagai kunlunny bogon, 'I for him smell a bad smell,' or ' I pity him.'
8. The tose o/bunyarra.
Bunyarra, 'good,' means not only 'good,' but anything 'gi'eat.' It sometimes means ' very '; as bunyarra jug, ' very bad.'
9. The use of karahan. Reciprocal action is expx-essed by karaban; e.g., gully kara- ban bum ma lie, 'Jet us paint one another.'
10. Comjyarison. Gai koren karaialen, wunnanden wanye, ' I run fast, you slowly'; that is, 'I am faster than 3'ou '; gai wanye gulug paigal, 'I am a man before you '; that is, ' I am older than you. The pronoun (wanye or any other) is always in the accusative.
11. Government of Verbs. Sometimes the infiniti\e foi-m in -ia, and sometimes the form in -hai or -ai, which may be calletl the subjunctive, is used to show dependence on another verb ; but often the two verbs agree in having the same final suffix. Examples are: — Avana yiinbai, or wana yiina, ' do not go'; wana cabbai, ' do not eat '; wan a
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