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promote, accomplish’). Akin to the AS. forms with a gradation, fram, adj., ‘brave, conducive,’ fremman, ‘to promote, accomplish’; comp. OIc. framr, ‘preferable,’ and fremja, ‘to execute.’ Also allied more remotely to the OTeut. terms for ‘primus.’ See Fürst, fort, fürder, &c.

Frosch, m., ‘frog,’ from the equiv. MidHG. vrosch, OHG. frosk, m.; corresponding to Du. vorsch, AS. forsc (E. dial. frosk), OIc. froskr, ‘from’; Goth. *frusqa- is by chance not recorded. Before the deriv. sk a guttural has dropped out, as is seen in the cognate terms. AS. frogga, E. frog, would be in Goth. *frugga (*frugwa?); also akin to AS. frocca, earlier E. dial. frock, as well as OIc. fraukr, ‘frog’ (so too MidE. frûte, froute, ‘toad’). Goth. *frusqa-, for *fruhsqa-, therefore be connected with a root ending in a guttural; perhaps the pre-Teut. root pruk?. Hence the attempts to connect the word with frisch or frieren, to which the meaning is also opposed, must be rejected.

Frost, m., ‘frost, cold, chill,’ from the equiv. MidHG. vrost, OHG. frost, m.; comp. Du. vorst, AS. forst, E. frost, OIc. frost, n., ‘frost, cold’; a common Teut. abstract of frieren, Goth. *friusan. Goth. *frusta-, m., n., ‘frost,’ is wanting.

Frucht, f., ‘fruit, crop, product,’ from MidHG. vruht, OHG. fruht, f., ‘fruit’; corresponding to OSax. fruht, Du. vrucht, OFris. frucht. Based on Lat. fructus, which perhaps at the same period as Pflanze and a number of botanical terms, found its way into German.

früh, adj., adv., ‘early, premature(ly),’ from MidHG. vrüeje, adj., ‘early,’ vruo, adv., ‘early’ (hence sometimes the ModHG. fruh unmodified); OHG. fruoji, adj. fruo, adv., ‘early’; comp. Du. vroeg, adj. and adv., ‘early.’ Goth. *frô (or rather *frauô for *frôô?), adv., is wanting. Pre-Teut. prô- appears also in Gr. πρωΐ, ‘early, early in the morning,’ πρωΐα, f., ‘morning,’ πρώϊος, ‘early’; akin to Sans. prâtar, adv., ‘early in the morning.’ Allied more remotely to vor, Fürst, vordere, &c. (also frisch?). It is curious that the OAryan adv., in the sense of ‘early in the morning,’ is restricted to Ger. In Scand., E., and Goth. it is wanting; the words used being Goth. air, OIc. ár, AS. œ̂r, ‘early in the morning’ (see ehe). Moreover, its special meaning was universally diffused at an early period. See Frühling.

Frühling, m., ‘spring,’ a deriv. of früh, early ModHG. only — from the 15th cent.; Lenz is the old West Teut. term.

Fuchs, m., ‘fox, light bay horse, cunning person, freshman (univ.)’ from the equiv. MidHG. vuhs, OHG. fuhs, m.; corresponding to Du. vos, AS. and E. fox; Goth. *faúhs-, m. (weak subst.), is not found. The s is a masc. suffix, as in Luchs; it is wanting, therefore, in the older fem. form, OHG. foha, MidHG. vohe, f., ‘vixen’ (also ‘fox,’ equiv. to Goth. faúhô, f., ‘fox,’ OIc. foa, ‘fox’). OIc. fox, n., is used only in the figurative sense of ‘deceit.’ The ModHG. fem. form Füchsin corresponds to AS. fyxen, E. vixen. Goth. faúhô, f., from pre-Teut. púkâ, makes it appear possible to connect the word phonetically with ModHG. Vogel, Goth. fugls, pre-Teut. pukló-s, in case Sans. puccha, ‘tail, train,’ is of a cognate stem; Fuchs and Vogel, meaning ‘tailed creatures,’ is quite possible. At all events, there is no connection with Lat. L. vulpes.

Fuchtel, f., earlier ModHG. Fochtel, ‘broadsword, a blow struck with it,’ first occurs in ModHG.; akin to feckten.

Fuder, n., from the equiv. MidHG. vuoder, OHG. fuodar, n., ‘measure (varying from 36 to 72 bushels, of wine about 1200 bottles), waggon-load’; comp. OSax. fôthar, Du. voer, AS. fôþer, ‘measure, waggon-load,’ E. fother, fodder, a term in mining. Hence the common West Teut. term fôþr, n., ‘waggon-load,’ from the Teut. root faþ in Faden. From HG., Fr. foudre is derived.

Fug, m., ‘adaptedness, due authority, right,’ from MidHG. vuoc(g), m., ‘propriety,’ as well as the equiv. vuoge, f., ModHG. Fuge, akin to fügen.

Fuge, f., ‘fugue,’ first occurs in early ModHG., from Ital. fuga.

fügen, vb., ‘to fit together, connect’; (refl.) ‘to accommodate oneself,’ from MidHG. vüegen, OHG. fuogen, ‘to shape or unite suitably’; comp. Du. voegen, AS. gefêgan, E. to fay (‘to suit, unite’); Goth. *fôgjan, ‘to make suitable,’ is a factitive of the Teut. root fag, in Goth. fagrs, ‘suitable, fitted,’ whose nearer cognates are to be found under fegen; E. to fadge (‘to suit, join’), may also be mentioned here.

fühlen, vb., ‘to feel, be sensible of, be sensitive to,’ a MidG. and LG. word incorporated in literary Ger. since Luther's time (in Suab. and Alem. spüren and merken,