Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/141

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latest derivative of which is gewohnt, ‘accustomed,’ OHG. giwon, MidHG. gewon, whence, with a dental suffix (see Mond and Habicht), ModHG. gewohnt (yet without t, Gewohnheit and gewöhnlich); allied to OHG. giwona, MidHG. gewone (gewan), ‘custom.’ For details see wohnen.

Gicht, f. and n., ‘gout, mouth of a furnace,’ from the equiv. MidHG. giht, n. E. (chiefly in the collective form gegihte, n.), ‘gout, convulsions, spasms.’ OHG. *gihido may be inferred from AS. gihða, m., ‘paralysis’; this dental suffix is frequent in old names of diseases. The root gih is not found elsewhere, and its prim. meaning is obscure. Gehen cannot in any case be allied, since it presumes a root gai (from ga and a root ī̆; nor could we from this comparison infer the prim. meaning of Gicht.

gicksen, vb., from the equiv. MidHG. giksen (gëksen), ‘to sigh,’ OHG. gicchaȥȥen; from an onomatopoetic root gik, with a frequentative suffix sen (OHG. aȥȥen, azzen, Goth. atjan).

Giebel, m., ‘gable, summit,’ from the equiv. MidHG. gibel, OHG. gibil, m.; corresponding to Du. gevel, OIc. gafl, ‘gable,’ Goth. gibla, m., ‘spire.’ The OHG. word significs ‘front side’ (e.g., of the ark of the covenant), as well as ‘nap’ (of velvet, &c.), so that ‘extreme end’ is probably the prim. meaning. It may be assumed, however, that the word was used in a figurative sense, MidHG. gëbel, OHG. gëbal, m., ‘skull, head,’ OHG. gibilla, f., ‘skull’; primit. allied to Gr. κεφαλή, ‘head’ (Aryan ghebhalâ, the type of this word and of Giebel); hence Giebel is lit. ‘head.’

Giebel, Gieben, m., ‘crucian’; like the equiv. Fr. gibel, of obscure origin.

Gienmuschel, f., ‘a species of tellina,’ allied to MidHG. ginen (gienen), ‘to gape, open the mouth wide,’ OHG. ginên; the latter is derived from an OTeut. root gī̆ (Aryan ghī̆), ‘to bark, gape, open the mouth wide.’ See gähnen.

Gier, f., ‘eagerness, inordinate desire,’ from MidHG. gir (gër), f., ‘longing, craving, greediness,’ OHG. girî, f.; abstract of an adj., OHG. gër and giri, MidHG. gër, gir, ‘craving, longing,’ which is connected with the root ger (Aryan gher), discussed under gern. Another abstract form allied to this is ModHG. Gierde (-Begierde), from MidHG. girde, OHG. girida, f. (Du. begeerte). For the older adj. MidHG. gir, gër, only gierig

is now used, from MidHG. girec, OHG. girîg, ‘desirous.’

gießen, vb., from the equiv. MidHG. gieȥen, OHG. gioȥan, ‘to pour, cast metal, form, pour out, spill, stream’; corresponding to Goth. giutan, ‘to pour’ (OIc. gjóta, ‘to throw young, blink with the eyes’), AS. geótan, Du. gieten; a strong verbal root common to Teut., from pre-Teut. ghud, whence also the Lat. root fud in fundo, ‘I pour.’ This root is probably connected with the equiv. root ghu (Gr. χυ-, in χέω, χῦμα, Sans. root hu, ‘to sacrifice’). See also Götze.

Gift in Mitgift, Brautgift, f., from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. gift, f., ‘gift, present’; a verbal noun from geben (Goth. gifts, E. gift). — Gift, n., meaning ‘poison,’ is the same word (for the evolution of meaning comp. Fr. poison, from Lat. potio, potionem, ‘drink’); even in MidHG. and OHG. gift, f. (always neut. in this sense in ModHG.), Du. gift; in Goth. lubja, ‘poison’ (OHG. luppi, MidHG. lüppe, ‘poison’). The common Aryan term for ‘poison’ (Sans. viša-, Lat. virus, Gr. ίος) has not been preserved in Teut. See verwesen.

Gilbe, f., ‘yellow colour or substance,’ from the equiv. MidHG. gilwe, OHG. giliwî (gëlawî), f.; an abstract of gelb (Goth. *gilwei, akin to *gilwa-). — To this gilben, ‘to colour yellow,’ is allied.

Gilde, f., ‘guild, corporation,’ ModHG. only, from the equiv. Du. gild; corresponding to OIc. gilde, ‘guild’ (from the middle of the 11th cent.), MidE. gilde, E. guild. The prim. meaning of the word, which first appears in Scand., is ‘sacrifice, sacrificial feast, festive gathering, club’; allied to gelten (in the sense of ‘to sacrifice,’ in OSax. geldan, and in AS. gildan).

Gimpel, m. ‘bullfinch,’ from the equiv. late MidHG. gümpel; in ModHG. figuratively ‘simpleton.’ MidHG. gümpel is connected with gumpel, ‘leaping, jest,’ and further with gumpen, ‘to hop’; hence MidHG. gumpelmann (plur. gumpelliute), and gumpęlknëht, ‘tumbler, buffoon, fool.’

Ginst, Ginster, m., ‘broom (plant),’ first occurs in ModHG., from Lat. gentista, whence also the Romance cognate, Fr. genêt; the genuine Teut. term is preserved in E. broom, Du. bręm. See Brombeere.

Gipfel, m., ‘summit, top, climax,’ from the equiv. late MidHG. gipfel, m., the prim. word cannot be discovered; Gipfel is scarcely an intensive form of Giebel; MidHG. gupf, gupfe, ‘point, summit,’ is