Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/142

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still less closely allied, and is rather a variant of Kuppe.

Gips, m., ‘gypsum, plaster of Paris,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and late OHG. gips, which again is derived from MidLat.-Gr. gypsum (γύψος, MidGr. and ModGr. ν being pronounced like i, see Kirche), whence also Fr. gypse, Du. gips.

girren, vb., ‘to coo,’ allied to MidHG. gërren, gurren, garren, which are used for various kinds of sounds.

Gischt, older Gäscht, m., ‘yeast, foam,’ formed from the equiv. MidHG. jëst, gëst, m., corresponding to E. yest, yeast, Du. gest, ‘yeast.’ Allied to gischen (MidHG. gischen), older gäschen (MidHG. geschen, a variant of jësen). See gären, a factitive of MidHG. jësen.

Gitter, n., ‘trellice, lattice, railing,’ from the equiv. MidHG. geter, n., a variant of gater, Gatter; even in late MidHG. gegitter.

Glanz, m., ‘lustre, splendour,’ from the equiv. MidHG. glanz (wanting in OHG.), with which is connected the OHG. and MidHG. adj. glanz, ‘bright, shining’; ModHG. glänzen, from the equiv. OHG. and MidHG. glęnzen; to the same class belong MidHG. glander, ‘splendour, shining,’ and glanst, ‘splendour,’ further glinster, ‘splendour,’ and the very rare str. vb. glinzen. A stem glint- is wanting in the rest of the Teut. dialects unless the cognates of glatt (Goth. *glada-) are allied.

Glas, n., ‘glass, tumbler,’ from the equiv. OHG. and MidHG. glas, n.; a common Teut. word unknown to the other Aryan groups; comp. OSax. gles, Du. glas, AS. glæs, E. glass; allied to OIc. gler, n., ‘glass,’ with the change of s to r, which proves the word to be primit. Teut. (*glaza- and *glasa- in Goth.). Hence it is not very probable that the Teut. word was borrowed, although glass itself was imported by the Phœnicians. The OTeut. term for amber (Lat. glêsum) is likewise primit. allied; comp. AS. glæ̂re, ‘resin of trees.’ See the following word.

Glast, m., ‘splendour,’ from the equiv. MidHG. glast. It is uncertain whether it belongs, like the cognates discussed under the preceding word, to a Teut. root glas, ‘to shine.’

glatt, adj., ‘smooth, polished, slippery, bald,’ from MidHG. and OHG. glat, ‘smooth, shining’; corresponding to OSax. gladmôd, ‘gladsome,’ Du. glad, ‘smooth,’ AS. glǣ̆d,

‘shining, joyous,’ E. glad, OIc. glaðr, ‘joyous, shining.’ Goth. *glada- for pre-Teut. ghladho- is primit. allied to OSlov. gladŭkŭ, ‘smooth,’ Lat. glaber (for *ghladhro-), ‘smooth;’ hence not ‘shining’ but ‘smooth’ is the prim. meaning of the Teut. cognates. The connection with Lith. glodùs, ‘fitting smoothly’ (from the root glud, ‘to cling to’?), is uncertain. Comp. also the following word, as well as glänzen and gleiten.

Glatze, f., from the equiv. MidHG. glatz, ‘bald pate, bald spot, surface of the head’; Goth. *glatta- for pre-Teut. ghladhno, allied to glatt (pre-Teut. ghladho-); hence Glätte is lit. ‘smooth spot.’

Glaube, m., ‘belief, credit, creed,’ from the equiv. MidHG. geloube (by syncope gloube), OHG. giloubo, m.; an abstract common to West Teut.; corresponding to OSax. gilôƀo, Du. geloof, AS. geleáfa (E. belief). With this glauben is connected earlier (in Luther) gleuben, from the equiv. MidHG. gelouben (glöuben), OHG. gilouben, gilouppen; comp. OSax. gilôbian, Du. gelooven, AS. gelŷfan, E. to believe, Goth. galaubjan, ‘to believe.’ The prim. meaning is ‘to approve.’ To the same root lub belong erlauben, lieb, loben, and Urlaub.

gleich, adj., ‘like, similar, equal, direct,’ from the equiv. MidHG. gelîch, OHG. gilîh(hh); common to Teut. in the same sense; comp. Goth. galeiks, OIc. glíkr, AS. gelîc, E. like, Du. gelijk, OSax. gilîk. This specifically Teut. adj. is compounded of the particle ge-, Goth. ga-, and a subst. lîka-, ‘body,’ whose cognates are discussed under Leiche; the compound meant lit. ‘having a symmetrical body.’ The word lîk, ModHG. -lich, as the second component, is always used in the same sense; e.g., weiblich, lit. ‘having a woman's body’ (it is preserved also in the prons. welcher, solcher, lit. ‘having what kind of body? having a body of that kind’; yet see these words). —

Gleichen, in expressions like meines gleichen, is also based upon the adj. gleich, which is here declined in the weak form; comp. MidHG. mîn gelîche, OHG. mîn gilîhho, ‘my equals.’ —

Gleichnis, n., ‘similitude, allegory, parable,’ from MidHG. gelîchnisse, |. ni., OHG. gilîhnissa, f., ‘copy, model, parable.’ —

gleichsam, adv., ‘as it were, as though,’ a combination of gleich and sam for gleich wie, ‘just as if’; comp. MidHG. sam, same, adv., ‘thus, just as, even as’ (OHG. sama, from a pronom. stem sama-, ‘the very same’; comp. E. same,