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καρτερεῖν, to hart?; comp. Lat. durare, akin to durus).

harsch, adj., ‘hard, rough,’ ModHG. simply; E. harsh (‘bitter, severe’); unknown to AS., OHG., and OIc. Clearly a derivative of hart; comp. rasch, allied to grade, Goth. *rasqa- to raþa-, ‘quick’ (OHG. rado), OIc. horskr, ‘quick,’ to AS. hrade, OIc. beiskr, ‘bitter,’ to Goth. bait-ra-; hence Goth. hardus, ‘hard,’ perhaps presupposes *harsks, *harsqs. Yet it might also be connected with Ic. hörtl, ‘hardness of the frozen ground’; ModHG. Harsch, ‘snow-crust,’ dial. But hart (‘hard’) alone suffices to elucidate this latter sense, as is shown by OHG. hęrtemânôt, MidHG. hęrtemânot, ‘hard month,’ applied to December and January. See the following word.

hart, adj. ‘hard, stiff, severe, stern, difficult, hard by,’ from MidHG. hęrte, hart, adj. (harte, adv.; comp. fast, adv., allied to fest, schon to schön, &c.), ‘hard, firm, difficult, painful,’ OHG. hęrti, harti, hart, adj. (harto, adv.), ‘hard’; comp. AS. heard, ‘hard, strong, brave,’ E. hard (hardy is probably derived directly from Rom. — Fr. hardi, which, however, is a derivative of G. hart), Goth. hardus, adj., ‘hardy, severe.’ A common Teut. adj. from pre-Teut. kartús; comp. Gr. κρατύς, ‘strong, powerful, potentate,’ καρτερός, κρατερύς, ‘strong, staunch, mighty, violent,’ adv., κάρτα, ‘very strongly’ (OHG. harto, adv., ‘very, extremely’); allied perhaps to Sans. krátu-s, m., ‘force, strength’ (root kar, ‘to do, make’), or however to Lith. kartùs, ‘bitter’ (root kṛt, ‘to cut, split’). Others compare Sans. çárdha-s, ‘bold, strong,’ to the Teut. adj.

Hart, Hard, f. and m., ‘forest,’ from MidHG. hart, m., f., and n., OHG. hart, ‘forest’; comp. also Spessart from spëhtes hart (allied to Specht); Harz for MidHG. Hart; Haardt in the Palatinate.

Harz, n., ‘resin,’ from MidHG. harz, n. and m., ‘resin, bitumen,’ with the variants hars, harse; OHG. harz, and with a suffix harzoh, ‘resin’; Du. hars, f., with an abnormal s, but LG. hart; unknown to E. and Scand. as well as Goth.; of obscure origin, scarcely allied to Gr. κάρδαμον, ‘cress,’ For other OTeut. words with the same meaning see under Bernstein and Ritt (also Theer).

haschen, vb., ‘to snatch,’ a MidG. word made current by Luther, unknown to the modern UpG. dialects as well as to OHG.,

MidHG., and all other languages. Probably connected with haft, heben, root haf (Lat. capio); Goth. *hafskón, ‘to seize,’ must have become *haskôn in G., just as Goth. haifsts, f., ‘quarrel, fight,’ has become the OHG. adj. heisti, ‘violent’; comp. OHG. forscôn, ‘to demand,’ for *forhskôn, Goth. waúrstw, ‘work, for *waúrhstw. Comp. harsch, Hast, Hauste.

Hase, m., ‘hare,’ from MidHG. hase, OHG. haso, m.; a common Teut. term for ‘hare’; comp. Du. haas, AS. hara (with change of s into r), E. hare, OIc. here, m.; Goth. *hasa (OHG. haso) or *haza (AS. hara), is by chance not recorded. To the pre-Teut. kasa(n), Ind. çaçá (instead of çasá, just as çváçuras for *sváçuras, comp. Schwäher), ‘hare,’ corresponds; the word also occurs in a remarkable manner only once again in OPruss. (as sasins for szasinas). The primit. word kasa-, ‘hare,’ may be connected with AS. hasu, ‘grey.’ From Teut. is derived Fr. hase, f., ‘doe-hare.’ — The term Hasenscharte, ‘hare-lip,’ is not recorded in G. until the 14th cent., but it already exists in AS. as hœrsceard (in E. hare-lip); comp. further the OIc. nickname Skarðe, also OFris. has-skerde, ‘hare-lipped.’

Hasel, f., ‘hazel,’ from the equiv. MidHG. hasel, OHG. hasala, f., hasal, m.; comp. AS. hœsel, E. hazel, OIc. hasl (hence hǫslur, plur., ‘boundary posts’); the common Teut. word for ‘hazel,’ from pre-Teut. kósolo-; hence in Lat., with the normal change of s into r, corulus, ‘hazel’; comp. further OIr. coll, ‘hazel,’ for *cosl.

Haspe, Häspe, f., ‘hasp, clamp, hinge,’ from MidHG. haspe, hespe, f., ‘hinge of a door; windle’ (with the variant hispe, f., ‘clasp’), OHG. haspa, ‘a reel of yarn’; comp. OIc. hespa, f., ‘hank, skein of wool; bolt of a door’; E. hasp, MidE. haspe, ‘bolt, wollen yarn,’ so too AS. hœsp, hœps, heps, f. The double sense ‘door bolt, door look, and hasp,’ seems OTeut.; as a technical term in weaving, this word, like Rocken, found its way into Rom. (Ital. aspo, OFr. hasple); see also Kunkel. Whether the two meanings have been developed from one, or whether two distinct words have been combined, is uncertain, since we have no etymological data.

Haspel, m., from the equiv. MidHG. haspel, m., OHG. haspil, m., ‘reel, windle'; a derivative of Haspe.

Hast, f., ‘haste, hurry,’ ModHG. simply;