Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/159

---

a MidG. and LG. word; comp. MidDu. haas, f., MidE. haste, E. haste; borrowed from OFr. haste, hâte (comp. Ital. astivamente), which again correspond to the OTeut. cognates of ModHG. heftig; comp. OHG. heisti, AS. hœ̂ste, ‘violent’ (Goth. haifsts, ‘dispute’).

Haß, m., from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. haȥ, (gen. haȥȥes), m., ‘hatred’; in OHG. the older neut. gender occurs once (comp. Goth. hatis, n., Scand. hatr, n.); AS. hęte (E. hate) and OSax. hęti are also masc.; the common Teut. term for ‘hate,’ pointing to pre-Teut. kodos, kodesos (Lat. *codus, *coderis), n. ModHG. Hader, and Gr. κότος, may also be allied, since an Aryan root kō̆t, kō̆d, is possible. The orig. sense of Haß is indicated by Haß and heßen, as well as the wk. vb. haſſen, from MidHG. haȥȥen, OHG. haȥȥęn, haȥȥôn, which in OHG. also means ‘to pursue’ (OSax. hatôn, ‘to waylay’). Haft too seems allied; hence the prim. meaning of Haß is probably ‘hostile, hasty pursuit.’ —

häßlich ‘ugly, loathsome,’ from MidHG. haȥ-, hęȥȥelîch, ‘malignant, hateful, ugly.’

hätſcheln, vb., ‘to fondle, pamper,’ recently coined in ModHG.?.

Hatſchier, m., ‘imperial horseguard,’ first occurs in early ModHG., borrowed from Ital. arciere (Fr. archer), ‘archer.’

Hatz, ‘baiting, chase’; comp. hetzen.

Haube, f., ‘hood, cap (woman's), crest, tuft,’ from MidHG. hûbe, OHG. hûba, f., ‘covering for the head worn by men (MidHG., especially by soldiers, ‘peaked helmet, steel-cap’) and women’; comp. AS. hûfe, in a special sense ‘mitre’; Scand. húfa, f., ‘cap, hood.’ The cognates are connected by gradation with Haupt (Aryan root kū̆p).

Haubitze, f., ‘howitzer,’ first occurs in early ModHG., introduced during the Hussite Wars from Bohemia (houfnice, ‘stone slinger’), hence the earliest recorded form, Haubnitze.

hauchen, vb., ‘to breathe, respire, exhale,’ from MidHG. (rare) hûchen, ‘to breathe,’ an UpG. word; perhaps recently coined in imitation of the sound. Cognate terms are wanting.

Hauderer, m., ModHG. only, from the equiv. Du. stalhouder, lit. Stallhalter, ‘jobmaster’ (in MidG. Geschirrhalter, also Posthalter); Du. houden is ModHG. halten.

hauen, vb. ‘to hew, chop, carve,’ from MidHG. houwen, OHG. houwan (MidHG.

houwen, OHG. houwôn), ‘to hew’; comp. OSax. hauvan, AS. heáwan, E. to hew, OIc. hǫggva; Goth. *haggwan, a redupl. vb., is wanting; Teut. hauw, haw, from pre-Teut. kow; not allied to κόπτω, but to OSlov. kovą, kovati, ‘to forge,’ Lith. káuju (káuti), ‘to strike, forge,’ kovà, ‘combat.’ Comp. Hacke, Heu, Hieb. —

Haue, f., ‘hoe, mattock, pickaxe,’ from MidHG. houwe, OHG. houwa, f., ‘hatchet.’

Haufe, m., ‘heap, pile, mass,’ from MidHG. hûfe, houfe, m., hûf, houf, m., ‘heap, troop,’ OHG. hûfo, houf, m., ‘heap, troop’; comp. OSax. hôp, Du. hoop, AS. heáp, m., E. heap; Scand. hópr, ‘troop,’ is borrowed from LG.; Goth. *haups, *hûpa are wanting; these words, which belong to the same root, are evidently related by gradation (comp. OHG. hûba, ‘hood,’ allied to OHG. houbit, ‘head’). Probably related to OSlov. kupŭ (Goth. *haupa-), m., ‘heap,’ Lith. kaúpas, ‘heap,’ kuprà, ‘hump’ (Lett. kupt, ‘to form into a ball’), although the correspondence of Slav. p to LG. and E. p is not normal; Slav. p is mostly f or b in LG. and Goth. Since Goth. p indicates pre-Teut. b, the word may be connected also with Lat. incubo, ‘the treasure demon who lies on the hoard, nightmare.’ Others compare it to Lith. kugis, ‘heap.’

häufig, adj., copious, abundant,’ ModHG. only, lit. ‘by heaps.’

Haupt, n., ‘head, chief, leader,’ from MidHG. houbet, houpt (also höubet), n., OHG. houbit, n.; the OTeut. word for ‘head,’ supplanted in the 16th cent. by Kopf in all the G. dials. (Kohl-, Krauthaupt, almost the only existing forms, are dialectal), while E. and Scand. have retained the earlier form — AS. heáfod, E. head (for *heafd), n., OIc. haufuþ, later hǫfuþ, n., Swed. hufvud, Dan. hoved, ‘head,’ Goth. haubiþ, n. Since all the Teut. dialects point to an old diphthong au in the stem, of which û in OHG. hûba, ‘hood,’ is the graded form (comp. Haube), the Aryan base must be koupot, and Lat. căput, for which *cauput might have been expected, was probably transformed by the influence of a word corresponding to AS. hafola, ‘head,’ Sans. kapâla, ‘skull,’ an assumption also supported by Lat. capillus, ‘hair (of the head).’ The MidHG. höubet (Luther Heupt), formed by mutation from OHG. houbit, is still preserved in zu Häupten, in which primit. phrase the plur. curiously represents the sing.