Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/161

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hacele, ‘cloak,’ are not allied; they belong rather to a conjectural Goth. *hôka, f., ‘goat’ (AS. hêcen, ‘kid,’ from Goth. *hôkein, n.; see under Geiß), and hence probably mean ‘hairy garment.’ See also Hecht.

Hechſe, Hächſe, f., from the equiv. MidHG. hęhse, OHG. hahsa, f., ‘hock' (especially of horses); the presumable form in Goth. is *hahsi (gen. *hahsjôs), f. Corresponding in sound to OInd. kakšýâ, f., ‘girth (of a saddle),’ a derivative of kákša-s, m., ‘passage for the girths, armpit'; Lat. coxa, ‘hip,’ whence the adv. coxim, ‘squatting,’ from which a meaning similar to that of the HG. word may be deduced. The signification of the primit. Aryan word fluctuated between ‘armpit, hip, and hock.’ In the Teut. group the following are also allied to Goth. *hahsi, f. — OHG. hahsinôn, MidHG. hęhsenen, ‘subnervare, to hamstring,’ AS. hôxene, MidE. houghsene, Fris. hôxene, ‘hock.’

Hecht, m., ‘pike,’ from the equiv. MidHG. hęchet, hęcht, OHG. hęhhit, hahhit, m.; comp. OSax. hacud, AS. hacod, hœced, m., ‘pike’; a West Teut. word connected with OHG. and MidHG. hęcken, ‘to pierce,’ mentioned under Hechel. On account of its pointed teeth the pike is called the ‘piercer.’ Comp. E. pike, Fr. brochet, ‘pike,’ from broche, ‘spit,’ Scand. gedda, ‘pike,’ allied to gaddr, ‘prickle.’

Hecke (1.), f., ‘hedge,’ from MidHG. hęcke, f., OHG. hęcka, hęgga, f., ‘hedge,’ the latter from hagjô-, whence also AS. heęg, f., MidE. hegge, E. hedge; AS. also hege, m., ‘hedge' (comp. E. haybote, ‘an allowance of wood for repairing fences'). Of the same origin as the cognates mentioned under Hag.

Hecke (2.). f., ‘the act of breeding,’ ModHG. simply, probably neither identical nor even cognate with Hecke (1), ‘hedge,’ because E. hedge, ‘Hecke (1),’ and hatch, ‘Hecke (2).’ are totally distinct; the former is MidE. hegge (AS. hęcg, f. ’), the latter MidE. hacche (AS. *hœcce?); E. hatch, ‘brood, incubation.’ MidHG. has a wk. vb., hęcken, ‘to propagate’ (of birds), MidE. hacchen, E. to hatch; OHG. hęgidruosa, MidHG. hęgedruose, f., ‘testicle,’ may be cognate (g in AS. hagan, ‘gignalia,’ in comparison with the earlier kk in MidE. hacche, is conceivable), and hence too MidHG. hagen, m., ‘bull kept for breeding,’ earlier ModHG. Hackſch, ‘boar kept for

breeding.’ The cognates seem to indicate a Teut. root hag, hakk, ‘to propagate.’

Hede, f., ‘tow,’ ModHG. simply, from LG. heede, formed from Herde by suppressing the r (see Miete); comp. MidDu. herde, ‘flax fibre,’ AS. heorde, f., ‘refuse of flax, tow,’ E. hards (plur.). Are AS. heord and OIc. haddr, ‘hair,’ allied? For Hede (probably Goth. *hazdô, *hazdjó) UpG. has Werg.

Hederich, m., ‘hedge-mustard, ground ivy,’ from late MidHG. hederī̆ch, m., a corruption of Lat. (glecoma) hederacea.

Heer, n., from the equiv. MidHG. hęre, OHG. hęri, hari, n., ‘army’; comp. Goth. harjis, m., AS. hęre, m., OIc. herr, m.; a common Teut. word for ‘army,’ still current in Swed. and Dan. här, Du. heer- in compounds. AS. hęre was supplanted in the MidE. period by the Rom. army; yet AS. hęre-gcatwe, ‘military equipment or trappings,’ has been retained down to ModE. as heriot; similarly the AS. word for har-bour (comp. Herberge). The term chario-, ‘army,’ met with in Teut. proper names of the Roman period, corresponds to OIr. cuire, ‘troop,’ OPruss. karjis, ‘army,’ of which Lith. káras, ‘war,’ is the base (Heer, lit. ‘that which belongs to war’); to this OPers. kâra, ‘army,’ is allied?. In MidHG. and earlier ModHG. there is another deriv. of the root kar, viz. harst, MidHG. also harsch, ‘body of troops.’ The verbal form from the assumed word for ‘war' was perhaps Goth. *harjón, ‘to wage war upon’; comp. OIc. herja, ‘to go on a predatory expedition,’ AS. hęrigan. E. to hurry, to harrow, OHG. heriôn, MidHG. hern, ‘to ravage, plunder.’ Comp. further Herberge and Häring.

Hefe, f., ‘yeast, lees, dregs,’ from MidHG. hęve, hëpfe, m. and f., OHG. hęvo, hëpfo, m. (from hëppo, hafjo, ‘yeast’); as a substance producing fermentation it is derived from the root haf, lit. ‘raising'; hence also OHG. hęvilo, MidHG. hęvel, ‘yeast,’ as well as AS. hœf, Du. hef, heffe, f., ‘yeast’ (see Hebel). Similarly Fr. levain, levûre, are related to lever. Yet OHG. hëpfo can scarcely be referred to the Aryan root kap, ‘to raise.’

Heft, ‘handle, hilt, stitched book, number (of a periodical),’ from MidHG. hęfte, OHG. hefti, ‘haft, handle of a knife, hilt of a sword’; connected with the root haf ('to lift') or hab ('to have'). —

heften, vb., ‘to stitch,’ from MidHG. and OHG. heften, ‘to fasten.’