Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/160

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Haus, n., ‘house, household,’ from MidHG. and OHG. hûs, n., which has the same sound in all OTeut. dials.; ModDu. huis, E. house (to which husband, hussy, and hustings, are allied). Goth. *hus is found only once in gudhûs, ‘temple,’ lit. ‘God's house' (for which Goth. razn is used; comp. Rast), but may be also inferred from the borrowed term, OSlov. chyzŭ, ‘house.’ In the other Teut. dialects it is the prevalent term, corresponding to G. Haus. Probably cognate with Hütte, and like this term allied to a Teut. root hū̆d, ‘to hide’ (AS. hŷdan, E. to hide); hûsa- for hûssa-, hûþta-, lit. ‘that which hides’?. See further under Hütte. Others connect Goth. hûs with Goth. huz-ds, ‘refuge,’ and Lat. custos. In this case too the prim. sense assigned would hold good.

hauß, haußen, adv., ‘out of doors, abroad,’ from MidHG. hûȥe for hie ûȥe, ‘here outside,’ like MidHG. hinne for hie inne.

Hauste, m., from the equiv. MidHG. hûste, m., ‘shock of corn, haycock,’ cannot be traced farther back; evidently for hûfste, akin to hûfe, ‘heap.’ Comp. Lith. kùpstas, ‘tump.’

Haut, f., ‘hide, skin, cuticle,’ from MidHG., and OHG. hût, f., ‘hide’; ModDu. huid, AS. hŷd, f., E. hide, Scand. hûð, f.; the OTeut. word for ‘hide’ (Goth. *hûþs, gen., *hûdais, is by chance not recorded), from pre-Teut. kûtí-s, f.; it is Lat. cŭtis (for the gradation of û to ŭ, see laut and Sohn); comp. Gr. κύτος, n., ‘skin, covering’; the root has a prefix s in Gr. σκῦτος, n., ‘skin, leather,’ Lat. scû-tum, ‘shield,’ σκῦ-λον, ‘skin, arms stripped of a slain enemy.’ Hence the dental in OHG. hût, Lat. cutis, would be a suffix merely; for s-ku as a root meaning ‘to cover, hide,’ see under Scheune, Scheuer. The E. vb. to hide, from AS. hŷdan, may belong to the same root with an abstract dental suffix *hûdi-, ‘covering,’ hûdjan, ‘to envelop.’ Yet traces exist, as may be seen under Hütte, of a root hud from kudh, ‘to veil,’ in the non-Teut. languages.

Hebamme, f., ‘midwife,’ from MidHG. hębamme; the latter form, from hęve-amme, has been modified in sense by connection with heben, its last component representing an earlier anne equiv. in meaning, OHG. usually hevi-anna, f.; anna, f., ‘woman’ is cognate with Lat. ănus, ‘old woman’ (see Ahn), and hence probably stands for anua,

anva (comp. Mann, Kinn). Yet OHG. hęvianna may be really nothing more than the pres. partic. of heben, prim. form hafjan(d)jô, ‘she who lifts,’ of which the later forms are modifications. In MidE. midwîf, E. midwife, ModDu. vroedvrouw, from vroed, ‘wise, prudent’ (comp. Span. comadre, Fr. sage-femme); no word common to Teut. can be found. There were probably no regular midwives in the Teut. period.

Hebel, m., ‘lever, yeast,’ first occurs in early ModHG. in the sense of ‘lever’; comp. MidHG. hębel, hęvel, OHG. hęvilo, m., ‘yeast’ (as a means of causing a thing to rise); v, f, as the older form, was supplanted by connecting the word with heben.

heben, vb., ‘to raise, lift, levy, solve (doubts) settle (disputes), remove,’ from MidHG. hęben, hęvea, ‘to rise, raise, list,’ OHG. hęffan, hęvan (prop. hęffu, hęvis, hęvit, hęffamês, inf. hęffan), from habjan, which occurs in Goth. in the sense of ‘to raise, lift up’; root, haf, hab; b properly belonged in the str. vb. to the pret. plur. and partic., but may have found its way into other stems. AS. hębban (sing. hębbe, hęfst, hęfþ, &c.), E. to heave; ModDu. heffen; OIc. hefja. Respecting j as a formative element of the pres. stem in str. vb., see under schaffen, lachen, &c.; it corresponds to Lat. i in vbs. of the 3rd conjug., such as facio. Hence Lat. capio corresponds exactly to Goth. hafjen; Aryan root kap. There are numerous examples in Teut. of the sense ‘to seize,’ which belongs to the Lat. vb.; see under Haft. Since Lat. capio is not allied to habeo, and Lat. habeo is cognate with Teut. haben (capio, root kap, habeo, ‘to have,’ root khabh), haben is entirely unconnected with heben. Yet in certain cases it cannot be doubted that the words related to haben have influenced the meaning of those connected with heben; some words may be indifferently assigned to the one or the other; comp. e.g. Habe with Handhabe. With the root kap, Lat. capio, some also connect Gr. κώπη, ‘handle.’

Hechel, f., ‘flax-comb,’ from MidHG. hęchel, also hachel, f.: comp. Du. hekel; MidE. hechele, E. hatchel and hackle; wanting in OIc.; Swed. häckla, Dan. hegle (Goth. *hakila, *hakula, is assumed). Probably allied to OHG. and MidHG. hęcchen, hecken (hakjan), ‘to pierce’ (espec. of snakes), and further to the cognates of Hafen (E. hook). Goth. hakuls, ‘cloak,’ OHG. hahhul, MidHG. hachel, m., OIc. hǫkull, m., AS.