Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/163

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Heidelbeere, f., ‘bilberry, whortleberry,’ from MidHG. heidelbęr, heitbęr, n. and f., OHG. heidbęri, n., ‘bilberry, whortleberry’; corresponds to AS. hœ̂ð-bęrie, with the same meaning. Allied to Heide, f.

heikel, adj., ‘hooked, captious, nice,’ ModHG. only, but widely current in the dials.; Swiss. heikχel, Bav. and Suab. haikel, East Fris. hekel, ‘fastidious with regard to food.’ Geographically heifel and Efel seem to supplement each other, and hence may be regarded as identical.

Heil, n., ‘health, welfare, salvation,’ from MidHG. and OHG. heil, n., ‘health, happiness, salvation’; comp. AS. hœ̂l, n. (for hâli, from hailiz), ‘health, happiness, favourable omen’; OIc. heill, n. (f.) (from hailiz), ‘favourable omen, happiness.’ Not the neut. of the following adj., but properly an older as stem, pre-Teut. káilos (declined like Gr. γένος, Lat. genus, n.). Comp. also the next word.

heil, adj., ‘hale, healthy, sound,’ from MidHG. and OHG. heil, adj., ‘healthy, whole, saved’; comp. OSax. hél, AS. kâl, E. whole, OIc. heill, ‘healthy, healed,’ Goth. hails, ‘healthy, sound,’ In OTeut. the nom. of this adj. was used as a salutation (Goth. hails! χαῖρε! AS. wës hâl!) Teut. haila-z, from pre-Teut. kailos (-lo- is a suffix), corresponds exactly to OSlov. cĕlŭ, ‘complete, whole,’ which, like Pruss. kailûstikun, ‘health’ (from *kailûstas, ‘healthy’), is based upon Aryan kailo-; the OIr. cognate cél, ‘augury,’ corresponds to AS. hœ̂l, OIc. heill, n., ‘favorable omen,’ as well as to OHG. heilisôn and AS. hœ̂lsian, ‘to augur.’ Sans. kalya-s, ‘healthy,’ kalyãna-s, ‘beautiful,’ and Gr. καλός, κάλλος, are probably not related to the root kai with the suffix lo-.

heilen, vb., ‘to heal, cure,’ from MidHG. and OHG. heilen, ‘to heal,’ as well as MidHG. heilen, OHG. heilên, ‘to get well’; comp. AS. hœ̂lan, E. to heal (to which health is allied, AS. hœ̂lþ, OHG. heilida, f., ‘health’). —

Heiland, from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. heilant, m., ‘Saviour’; prop. a partic. of heilen (a being retained in the partic. derivative as in Weigand); the term is HG. and LG.; comp. OSax. hêliand, AS. hœ̂lend. In England, where it became obsolete as early as the 13th cent., the word, even in the older period, was never so deeply rooted as in Germany. In Goth. nasjands, AS. nergend.

heilig, adj., ‘holy, sacred, inviolable,’

from the equiv. MidHG. heilec, OHG. heilag, adj.; comp. OSax. hêlag, AS. kâleg, E. holy, OIc. heilagr, adj.; all have the common meaning, ‘sanctus.’ In Goth. only is the adj. unknown (yet hailag occurs in a Goth. Runic inscription); the earlier old heathen form weihs (see weihen) was used instead. The development of meaning in heilig from the subst. Heil is not quite clear. Is the word Heil used in a religions sense? Comp. OIc. heill, ‘favourable omen,’ OHG. heilisôn, ‘to augur,’ OIr. cel, ‘augury’?.

Heim, n., ‘home,’ from MidHG. and OHG. heim, n., ‘house, home, dwelling-place,’ comp. OSax. hêm, ‘dwelling-place,’ AS. hâm. ‘home, dwelling-place, house,’ E. home, OIc. heimr, m., ‘dwelling, world,’ Goth. haims, f., ‘village.’ In the 17th cent. and in the first half of the 18th, the ModHG. word vanished from the literary language (the adv. heim only being still used), but was restored through the influence of English literature (see Halle, Elf). The meaning of the Goth. subst. is found in the remaining dialects only in names of places formed with -heim as the second component. In Goth. a more general meaning, ‘dwelling,’ is seen in the adj. anahaims, ‘present,’ afhaims, ‘absent’ (see Heimat). The assumption that ‘village’ is the earlier meaning of Heim is also supported by Lith. këmas, kaímas, ‘(peasant’s) farm’; Sans. kšêma-s, ‘secure residence,’ allied to the root kši, ‘to dwell securely, while away’ (kšitís, f., ‘dwelling, earth’), OSlov. po-čiti, ‘requiescere,’ po-kojĭ, ‘rest’; perhaps also Gr. κώμη (for κῴμη), ‘village’?.

-heim, adv., from MidHG. and OHG. heim, acc. sing., ‘home(wards),’ and MidHG. and OHG. heime, dat. sing., ‘at home’; in the other dialects, except Goth., the respective substs. in the cases mentioned are likewise used adverbially in the same sense. For further references comp. Weile.

Heimat, f., from the equiv. MidHG. heimôt, heimuot, heimuote, f. and n., OHG. heimuoti, heimôti, n, ‘native place’; a derivative of Heim. Goth. *haimôdi is wanting (haimôþli, ‘native land or fields,’ is used instead, OHG. heimuodili). Respecting -ôdi as a suffix, see Armut, Einöde.

Heimchen, n., ‘cricket,’ dimin. of Heime, m, and f., from MidHG. heime, OHG. heimo, m., ‘cricket’; AS. hâma, ‘cricket’; a derivative of Heim, hence lit. ‘inmate’ (a pet term?).

heimlich, adj., ‘private, secret, comfor-