Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/164

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table, snug, from MidHG. heim(e)lich, adj., ‘secret, confidential, concealed,’ also ‘homemade, domestic’; allied to Heim.

Heirat, f., from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. hîrât, m. and f., ‘marriage,’ lit. ‘care of a house’; Goth. *heiws, ‘house,’ in heiwa-frauja, m., ‘master of the house.’ The earlier ModHG. form Heurat is due to MidHG. *hîa-rât for hîw-. AS. hîrêd, hîrĕd, ‘family,’ MidE. hîred, and AS. hîwrœ̂den, MidE. hîreden in the same sense. The first component, Goth. heiwa-, is widely diffused in OTeut. OIc. hjú, hjún, n. plur., ‘man and wife, married couple, domestics,’ OIc. hyske, n., ‘family,’ híbýle, hýbýle, n., ‘place of residence.’ AS. hîwan, plur., ‘servants,’ E. hind (E. hive, which is often connected with the cognates in question, is not allied, since it is due to AS. hŷf, ‘beehive’). Scand. hyske, n., corresponds to the West Teut. terms, OHG. hîwiski, n., ‘family, housekeeping, domestics,’ also OHG. hîun, plur., ‘man and wife, servants,’ hîwo, ‘husband,’ hîwa, ‘wife.’ Goth. heiwa-, ‘house, housekeeping,’ has consequently numerous cognates within the Teut. group. Its relation to the non-Teut. words is dubious; Lat. civis, ‘citizen,’ Lith. szeima, szeimýna, ‘domestics,’ OSlov. sěmĭja, sěmija, ‘domestics,’ are usually connected with it. Others refer it to the root appearing in Heim. See Rat.

heischen, vb., ‘to ask for, demand, require,’ from MidHG. heischen, prop. eischen, HG. eiskôn, ‘to ask’; the addition of initial h in the MidHG. and ModHG. verbs is correctly ascribed to the influence of heißen. Comp. OSax. êscôn, Du. eischen, AS. âscian, E. to ask; Goth. *aiskôn is wanting. It corresponds to Lith. jëskóti, OSlov. iskati, ‘to seek,’ also probably to Armen. aiç, ‘investigation,’ and Sans. icch (icchati), ‘to seek’ (see anheischig).

heiser, adj., ‘hoarse,’ from MidHG. heiser, ‘rough, hoarse.’ with the variant MidHG. heis, heise, OHG. heisi, heis, ‘hoarse’; Goth. *haisa- is also indicated by AS. hâs; in MidE. besides hǫ̂se, an abnormal hǫ̂rse occurs, whence E. hoarse; so too MidDu. heersch, a variant of heesch (the latter also ModDu.); the r of the MidHG. and ModHG. derivative heiser is the widely diffused adj. suffix in bitter, lauter, hager, mager, &c. The Scand. háss, for the expected *heiss (Goth. *hais), also presents a difficulty. Some have attempted to connect the stem with that in hus-ten, which is impossible;

hôs, hwôs, in husten, cannot, on account of the vowels, correspond to Goth. *haisa. Others, with greater reason, connect it with E. to whistle, AS. hwistlian, and with ModHG. wispeln, ‘to whisper’ (the Teut. root hais, hwī̆s, appears with a derivative k in AS. hwîskrian, OIc. hvískra, ‘to whisper,’ Du. heesch, ‘hoarse’).

Heister, m., ‘beech tree,’ a Franc. and Hess. word, which also appears in LG., but is entirely unknown to UpG. and MidG.; even in the MidHG. period heister occurs; comp. Du. heester (whence Fr. hêtre). Note the local term Heisterbach.

heiß, adj., ‘hot, ardent, vehement,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. heiȥ; comp. Du. heet, AS. hât, E. hot, OIc. heitr; a common Teut. adj. for ‘hot,’ pointing to Goth. *haita-; from the root hī̆t, to which Hitze is akin. This root may be extended from hī̆, with which OHG. an MidHG. hei, gehei, ‘heat’ is connected. See heizen.

heißen, vb., ‘to bid, command, be called, signify,’ from MidHG. heiȥen, OHG. heiȥȥan, ‘to name, be named, be called, command, promise’; the passive sense, ‘to be named, nominari,’ did not orig. belong to the active, but only to the Goth. and AS. passive form. AS. hâtan, ‘to name, promise,’ hâtte, ‘I am called’ and ‘I was called’; OIc. heita, ‘to name, be named, promise, vow’; Goth. haitan, a redupl. vb., ‘to name, appoint, call, invite, command,’ in the pass. ‘to be named.’ A common Teut. vb. with the prim. sense ‘to call any one by name, to name,’ No words undoubtedly allied to the Teut. root hait, from pre-Teut. kaid, exist in the non-Teut. languages. See anheischig.

-heit, fem. suffix of abstract terms in the West Teut. dialects; prop. an independent word — MidHG. heit, f., ‘method, nature,’ OHG. heit, m. and f., ‘person, sex, rank, estate,’ AS. hâd, ‘estate, race, method, quality’; Goth. haidus, m., ‘method’; see further under heiter. As an independent word it became obsolete in E. in the MidE. period, and was preserved only as a suffix, as in ModHG.; AS. -hâd, E. -hood (boyhood, falsehood, maidenhood), and also E. -head (maidenhead).

heiter, adj., ‘clear, serene, bright, cheerful,’ from MidHG. heiter, OHG. heitar, adj., ‘serene, bright, glittering’; comp. OSax. hêdar, AS. hâdor, ‘serene’; a West Teut. adj., but in Scand. heiþ-r, ‘serene,’ without the derivative r (all used orig. of