Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/167

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har-m, AS. hear-m, adj., ‘painful, mortifying, bitter’?. See Harm.

Herberge, f. (with ĕ as in Herzog, allied to Heer), ‘shelter, quarters, inn,’ from MidHG. hęrbërge, f.; lit. ‘a sheltering place for the army’ (rare in MidHG.), most frequently ‘lodging-house for strangers,’ also ‘dwelling’ generally. OHG. hęri-bërga, ‘camp, castra,’ then also ‘hospitium, tabernaculum.’ MidE. hereberge, ‘hospitium,’ E. harbour; Scand. herberge, n., ‘inn, lodging, room, chamber.’ The compound, in its later form, seems to have been adopted from G. by the other Teut. languages, and also by Rom.; Fr. auberge, Ital. albergo; OFr. preserves the older meaning ‘camp.’ Comp. Herr, bergen.

Herbst, m., ‘autumn, harvest,’ from the equiv. MidHG. hęrbest, OHG. hęrbist, m.; comp. MidLG. hervest, Du. herfst, AS. hœrfest, m., and the equiv. E. harvest; a common West Teut. word, archaic in form (whether OIc. haust, n., ‘autumn,’ Swed. and Dan. höst, are identical with Herbst is still very dubious). Hence the statement of Tacitus (Germ. 26) — ‘(Germani) autumni parinde nomen ac bona ignorantur,’ can scarcely be accepted. It is true that Herbst in UpG. is almost entirely restricted to ‘the fruit season,’ espec. ‘the vintage’ (the season itselt is prop. called Spätjahr, Suab. Spätling). This coincides with the fact that Herbst is connected with an obsolete Teut. root harb, from Aryan karp (Lat. carpere, καρπός, ‘fruit’), ‘to gather fruit,’ which perhaps appears also in Lith. kerpù (kìrpti), ‘to shear.’ In Goth. the term is asans (‘season for work, for tillage’; comp. Ernte).

Herd, m., ‘hearth, fireplace, crater,’ from MidHG. hërt (-des), m., ‘ground, earth, fireplace, hearth,’ OHG. hërd, m., hërda, f., ‘ground, hearth.’ This double sense is wanting in the other West Teut. languages, Du. heerd, haard, m., ‘hearth,’ OSax. herth, AS. heorþ, E. hearth, The meaning of herþa- (Goth. *haírþs), ‘hearth,’ is West Teut., while ‘ground’ is simply HG.; it is not improbable that two orig. different words have been combined (comp. OIc. hjarl, ‘ground, land’?). Herd, ‘hearth,’ with Goth. haúri, n., ‘charcoal’ (plur. haurja, ‘fire’), OIc. hyrr, m., ‘fire,’ may be connected with a Teut. root hĕr, ‘to burn’ (comp. Lat. crĕ-mare).

Herde, f., ‘herd, flock, drove,’ from the equiv. MidHG. hërte, hërt, OHG. hërta, f.; the common Teut. word for ‘herd’; Du.

herde (obsolete, see Hirte; kudde, f., is used instead, see Kette), AS. heord, f., E. herd, OIc. hjǫrð, f., Goth. haírda, f., ‘herd.’ The Teut. type herdô (the d of the ModHG. form, compared with OHG. t, is due to LG. influence), from pre-Teut. kerdhâ; comp. OInd. çárdhas, n., çárdha-s, m.,. ‘troop’; also OSlov. črĕda, f., ‘herd’?. See Hirte.

Hering, see Häring.

Herling, Härling, m., ‘sour grapes’ (ModHG. only), for the earlier, *Herwling, allied to herwe, ‘bitter.’

Hermelin, m. and n. (accented like a foreign word), from the equiv. MidHG. hęrmelîn, n., ‘ermine,’ dimin. of MidHG. harme, OHG. harmo, m., ‘ermine’; a G. word merely, wanting in the other OTeut. languages, but in spite of the phonetic correspondence with Lith. szermǔ, ‘ermine’ (Lith. sz for Sans. ç, Aryan k, whence Teut. h), there is no doubt about its being genuinely Teut. From G. are derived the Rom. words similar in sound (ModFr. hermine, Ital. ermellino) rather than from the MidLat. mus armenius (for which the earlier mus ponticus is found).

Herold, m., ‘herald,’ late MidHG. only (14th cent.), hęralt, hęrolt (also ęrhalt), m., ‘herald’; undoubtedly an OG. military term, which, like a large number of others of the same class (comp. Hader, Kampf), became obsolete at an early period. Herold itself is derived from an OFr. term recorded towards the end of the 13th cent., héralt, ModFr. héraut (comp. Ital. araldo, MidLat. heraldus), which is based, however, upon an OG. *hęriwalto, *hariwaldo, ‘an army official,’ appearing in OSax. as a proper name, Hariold (OIc. Harald). OHG. harên, ‘to praise,’ does not occur in the compound.

Herr, m., ‘master, lord, gentleman, sir,’ from MidHG. hërre (hêre), m., OHG. hē̆rro (hêro), m.; comp. OSax. hêrro, Du. heer, OFris. hêra, ‘lord’; prop. a comparative of hehr (OHG. hêr), in Goth. *hairiza. In the OHG. period this origin was still recognised, as is seen by OHG. hêrero, ‘lord’ (see herrschen). Since the orig. meaning of the adj. hehr was ‘venerable,’ Herr seems to have originated in the relation of the dependants to their master (comp. AS. hlaford, ‘bread guardian,’ under Laib), and was used chiefly as a term of address (see Jünger). Comp. in Rom. the words used in the same sense from Lat. senior, viz., Ital. signore, Fr. seigneur. Herr is orig. native to Germany, but in the form