Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/171

---

gies mentioned under Kopf, be closely related to Hirn, ‘skull.’

Hirsch, m. (in Hess. and Alem. occurs a variant Hirß, whence the Alem. proper name Hirzel), ‘stag, hart,’ from MidHG. hirȥ, hirz, m., OHG. hiruȥ, hirȥ, hirz; the sch in Hirsch is from an older Hirß (comp. Hirse, herrschen, Arsch, birschen). Corresponding to Du. hert, n., AS. heorot, heort, m., E. hart, Scand. hjǫrtr; Teut. *herut-, from *herwut, *herwo-t, with a dental suffix, allied to Lat. cervu-s (t occurs as a suffix in names of animals in Teut.; comp. Gemse, Krebs, and Hornisse); the latter is usually connected with Gr. κεραός. ‘horned’ (allied to κέρας ; comp. Horn). Hence the stag in Lat. and Teut. may have been named from its antlers (the OTeut. languages naturally have a distinct word for the hornless female; see Hinde). A more prevalent term is Aryan eln-, in Gr. ἔλαφος, Armen. eln, Lith. élnis, OSlov. jelenĭ (also W. elain, ‘hind’.

Hirse, f. (older ModHG. and even yet MidG., Suab. Hirsche), ‘millet,’ from the equiv. MidHG. hirse, hirs, OHG. hirsi, hirso, m.; orig. a HG. word merely, which, however, in modern times has spread to the north (E. and Dan. hirse, Swed. hirs). Allied to Lat. cirrus, ‘a tuft (of hair, &c.)’?.

Hirte, m. (a strictly HG. form compared with the orig. LG. Herde), ‘herdsman, shepherd, pastor,’ from MidHG. hirte, OHG. hirti; comp. OLG. hirdi, AS. hyrde (and heorde, connected with heord, ‘herd’), ‘herdsman,’ still found in E. shepherd (sceâphyrde in AS.), OIc. hirðer, Goth. haírdeis, m., ‘herdsman’; derived by the addition of ja- from Teut. herdô-, ‘herd.’ Hence Hirte is orig. ‘he that belongs to the herd.’ Another derivative is exhibited by Du. and MidLG. herder, m., MidHG. hërtœ̂re, ‘herdsman,’ lit. ‘herder,’ whence Herder as a proper name. With this word Lith. kèrdżus, skèrdżus, ‘herdsman,’ is also connected?.

hissen, vb., ‘to hoist,’ ModHG. only, derived as a naut. term from the equiv. LG. hissen; comp. Du. hijschen, E. to hoist, Swed. hissa. Among which of the maritime Teutons this technical tern, the etymology of which is still obscure, originated is not known; see Helm (2); it also found its way into Rom. (Fr. hisser).

Hitte, f., LG. goat (Bav. Hette, Hettel, and without mutation Swiss and Suab. Hattel), a pet term for MidHG. hatele,

‘goat’; comp. the equiv. OIc. haðna as well as Hippe.

Hitze, f., ‘heat, ardour, passion,’ from the equiv. MidHG. hitze, OHG. hizza, f. (for *hitja, the Goth. form); comp. Du. hitte, hette, OIc. hite, m., ‘heat’; all formed by the weakest stage of gradation from the stem of the adj. heiß (Teut. root hī̆t, hait, ‘hot’). OHG. hizza was adopted by Rom. (comp. Ital. izza, ‘anger, indignation’).

Hobel (dial. Hofel), m., ‘plane,’ rom the equiv. MidHG. (rare) hobel, hovel, m.; comp. MidLG. hövel, Swed. hyfvel. ModIc. hefill, m., ‘plane,’ proves nothing for the wrongly assumed connection with heben. Its relation to OHG. hovar, AS. hofer, ‘hump, boss,’ is also dubious.

hoch, adj., ‘high, lofty, proud, dear,’ from the equiv. MidHG. hôch, OHG. hôh, adj.; a common Teut. adj. with the meaning ‘high’; comp. Goth. hauhs, OIc. hár (for hauhr), AS. heáh, E. high, Du. hoog, OSax. hôh; Teut. hauha-, from the uupermutated pre-Teut. káuko- (the weakest vowel stage of the stem is exhibited by the cognate Hügel). OTeut. possessed a mas. and neu. subst. formed from the adj. in the sense of ‘hill’ (type kaukó-s); comp. OIc. haugr (from which E. how in proper names was borrowed), MidHG. houc (-ges), to which such proper names as Donnershaugk are akin. Goth. hiuhma, m., ‘heap, crowd,’ seems also allied. In the non-Teut. languages it is rightly compared with Lith. kaukará, ‘hill, height,’ kaúkas, ‘boil’ (MidHG. hübel, m., ‘hill,’ is connected with Lith. kùpstas, ‘tump,’ as well as to OHG. hofar, AS. hofer, ‘hump’).

Hochzeit, f., ‘wedding,’ from MidHG. hôchzît (also hôchgezit), f. and n., ‘a great ecclesiastical or lay feast,’ then also ‘wedding feast.’

Hocke (1.), ‘shock (of corn), cock (of hay),’ first occurs in ModHG., perhaps from LG.; yet UpG. (Suab. and Tyrol.) hock, m., ‘cock.’ Perhaps allied to hoch and Haufe (root kuk); Lith. kúgis, ‘cock,’ points, however, to a different root. In West Teut. a cognate term with a prefix s appears — MidHG. schocke, schoche, ‘cock,’ E. shock, and the equiv. MidE. schokke. With regard to the prefix s comp. Stier, Drossel, and links.

Hocke (2.), m., ‘huckster,’ MidHG. hucke, m.; MidG. hoke, with a long vowel (hence HG. Höfer, Höferei, &c.), Du. hok, ‘booth’?. Comp. MidDu. heukster, MidE.