| abstract of jung (in Goth. jenda, ‘youth); Teut. jugunþi- represents pre-Teut. yuwenti- (comp. Brücke).
The adj. jung, ‘young, new, recent,’ is the common Teut. junga- (with a nasal); comp. MidHG. junc(g), OHG. and OSax. jung, Du. jong, AS. geong, E. young, Goth. juggs (jungs), ‘young.’ This common Teut. junga- is based, by contraction from juwunga-, upon a pre-Teut. yuwenko-, ‘young,’ with which Lat. juvencus, ‘youth,’ and Sans. yuvaçás, young,’ are identical. The earlier Aryan form yuwên (yéwen?) appears in Lat. juvenis, ‘young, youth,’ and juven-ta, ‘youth’ (equiv. to Goth. junda, f.), as well as in Sans. júvan, ‘young, youth’ (yôšâ, f., ‘maid’), and OSlov. junŭ, Lith. jáunas, ‘young’; they are all based upon an Aryan root yū̆, ‘to be young’ (comp. Sans. yávišṭha, ‘the youngest’). Jüngling, ‘youth, young man,’ is a Teut. derivative of jung; comp. OHG. jungaling, MidHG. jungelinc, Du. jongeling, AS. geongling, E. (antiquated) |
youngling, OIc. ynglingr (in Goth. juggalauþs), ‘youth.’ —
Jünger m., ‘disciple,’ prop. the compar. of jung, used as a subst.; comp. MidHG. jünger, OHG. jungiro, ‘disciple, pupil, apprentice’; the word (as the antithesis to Herr, OHG. hêrro) is probably derived from the OTeut. feudal system. — ModHG. Jungfer, f., ‘young girl, virgin, maid, maiden,’ is developed from MidHG. juncwrouwe, ‘noble maiden, young lady’ (thus, even in MidHG., ver appears for the unaccented proclitic Frau). To this is allied Junker, m., ‘young nobleman, squire’ (prop. ‘son of a duke or count’), from MidHG. junc-hē̆rre, ‘young lord, noble youth’; corresponding to Du. jonker, jonkheer, whence E. younker is borrowed. jüngst, ‘recently,’ from MidHG. ze jungest; comp. der jüngste Tag, ‘doomsday,’ for der letzte Tag, ‘the last day.’ Jux, m., ‘jest,’ ModHG. only; probably from Lat.-Rom. jocus (comp. Ital. giuoco), whence also E. joke, Du. jok. |
K.
| Kabel, n. and f., from the equiv. MidHG. kabel, f. and n., ‘cable’; the latter borrowed, through the medium of Du. and LG., from Fr. câble, m., ‘rope, cable’ (MidLat. capulum); E. cable and Scand. kabill, from the same source.
Kabliau, Kabeljau, m., ‘cod-fish,’ first occurs in early ModHG., recorded in LG. from the 15th cent. and adopted by the literary language; from Du. kabeljaauw; Swed. kabeljo, Dan. kabeljau, E. cabliau; also, with a curious transposition of consonants (see Essig, kitzeln, Kitze), Du. bakeljauw, which is based upon Basque baccallaóa. The Basques were the first cod-fishers (espec. on the coast of Newfoundland, the chief fishing-place). See Labberdan. Kabuse, f., ‘small hut, partition, caboose,’ ModHG. only, from MidLG. kabhûse; comp. E. caboose, which was probably introduced as a naval term into Du., kabuys, and into Fr., cambuse. The stem of the E. word is probably the same as in E. cabin, and hence is Kelt.; E. cabin and the cognate Fr. cabane, cabinet, are based upon W. kaban. The cognates also suggest ModHG. Käster, ‘small chamber,’ and OHG. |
chafterî, ‘beehive,’ the origin of which is obscure.
Kachel, f., ‘earthen vessel, stove-tile,’ from MidHG. kachel, kachele, f., ‘earthen vessel, earthenware, stove-tile, lid of a pot,’ OHG. chahhala. In E. the word became obsolete at an early period. In Du., kachel, borrowed from HG., is still current (in MidDu. kakele). kacken, vb., ‘to cack, go to stool,’ early ModHG. only. Probably coined by schoolboys and students by affixing a G. termination to Lat.-Gr. caccare (κακκᾶν; allied to κακός?. Comp. MidHG. quât, ‘evil, bad, dirt’); the OTeut. words are scheißen and dial. drißen. In Slav. too there are terms similar in sound, Bohem. kakati, Pol. kakác. The primit. kinship of the G. word, however, with Gr., Lat., and Slav. is inconceivable, because the initial k in the latter would appear as h in Teut. Käfer, m., ‘beetle, chafer,’ from the equiv. MidHG. këver, këfere, OHG. chëvar, chëvaro, m.; comp. AS. čeafor, E. chafer, Du. kever, m. The Goth. term was probably *kifra, or following AS. ceafor, *kafrus also (comp. LG. kavel). The name, which has the same import in all the dialects at |
