Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/181

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(prop. 5/8 acre), does not offer a satisfactory explanation of the OHG. word, for the equiv. MidHG. jiuch, n. and f., ‘acre of land,’ can only be cognate with Lat. jûgernum, and not a mutilated form of the Lat. original. Hence MidHG. jiuch, like Lat. jûgerum, is doubtlessly connected with ModHG. Joch and Lat. jugum; consequently Juchert is lit. ‘as much land as can be ploughed by a yoke of oxen in a day’; the suffix of OHG. juhhart suggests that of MidHG. egerte, ‘fallow land.’ See Joch.

jauchzen, vb., ‘to shout for joy, exult,’ from MidHG. jûchezen, ‘to cry out, shout for joy,’ OHG. *jûhhazzen; probably a derivative of the MidHG. interjs. jûch, jû (expressions of joy); comp. ächzen, allied to ach.

je, adv., older ie (which in the 17th cent. was supplanted by je, recorded at a still earlier period), ‘always, ever,’ from MidHG. ie, ‘at all times, always (of the past and present), the (with compars., distributives, &c.), at any (one) time,’ OHG. io, eo, ‘always, at any (one) time.’ The earliest OHG. form eo is based on *êo, aiw (comp. See, Schnee, and wie); comp. Goth. aiw, ‘at any time,’ OSax. êo, AS. â, ‘always’ (E. aye, from OIc. ei, ‘always’). Goth. aiw is an oblique case of the subst. aiws, ‘time, eternity,’ and because in Goth. only the combination of aiw with the negative ni occurs, it is probable that ni aiw (see nie), ‘never’ (‘not for all eternity’), is the oldest, and that the positive meaning, OHG. eo, ‘always,’ was obtained à posteriori; yet comp. Gr. αἰεί, ‘always,’ allied to αἰών, and see ewig and the following words.

jeder, pron., ‘each, every,’ from late MidHG. ieder, earlier iewëder, OHG. iowëdar (eo-hwëdar), ‘either,’ from weder (OHG. wëdar, ‘which of two’) and je; corresponding to OSax. iahwëthar, AS. âhwœðer; comp. also OHG. eogiwëdar, MidHG. iegewëder, AS. œ̂ghwœðer, E. either. — ModHG. jedweder, ‘each, every,’ is of a different etymological origin, being derived from MidHG. ietwëder, ie-dewëder, ‘either’ (from ie and MidHG. dewëder, ‘any one of two’; see entweder). —

jeglich, ‘each, every,’ from MidHG. iegelich, OHG. eo-gilîh, ‘each’; allied to OHG. gilîh, ‘each’ (see gleich), ModHG. jeder, prop. ‘either,’ has in ModHG. supplanted the MidHG. iegelich. —

jemand, ‘anybody, somebody,’ from the equiv. MidHG. ieman, OHG. eoman (prop. ‘any person’).

jener, pron., ‘you, yonder, that, the

former,’ from the equiv. MidHG. jęner, OHG. jęnêr, allied to the differently vocalised Goth. jains, OIc. enn, inn, AS. geon, E. you (with which yonder is connected). In late MidHG. dër jęner, ‘that,’ is also used, whence ModHG. derjenige. —

jenseits, ‘on the other side, beyond,’ from the equiv. MidHG. jęnsît, lit. ‘on that side’ (MidHG. also jęne sîte).

jetzt, av. (older ietz, like ie for je), ‘now, at the present time,’ from the equiv. MidHG. ietze, iezuo (hence the archaic ModHG. jetzo), beside which MidHG. iezunt, ModHG. jetzund, with a new suffix, occurs. How the adv. ie-zuo, recorded in earlier MidHG., can mean ‘now’ is not clear; comp. MidHG. iesâ, ‘at once,’ from ie (see je) and sâ, ‘at once.’

Joch, n., ‘yoke, ridge of mountains,’ from the equiv. MidHG. joch. OHG. joh(hh), n., ‘yoke, ridge of mountains, acre’; corresponding to Goth. juk, n., ‘yoke of oxen,’ OIc. ok, AS. geoc, E. yoke, Du. juk; a common Aryan word formed from the Aryan root yug, ‘to fasten’; comp. Sans. yugá, ‘yoke, team’ (allied to the root yuj, ‘to put to’), Gr. ζυγόν from ξεύγνυμ, Lat. jugum, from jungere, Lith. jùngus, OSlov. igo (from *jŭgo); comp. Jauchert. The str. root verb (Teut. root juk) has become obsolete in the whole Teut. root.

Joppe, f., ‘boddice,’ from MidHG. joppe (jope, juppe), f., ‘jacket’; borrowed, like Jacke, from Rom.; comp. Fr. jupe, jupon, ‘skirt,’ Ital. giuppa, giubba, ‘jacket, jerkin.’

jubeln, vb., ‘to rejoice loudly, exult.’ allied to MidHG. jubilieren. This word (formed like MidLat. jubilare, comp. Ital. giubilare) is still wanting in MidHG. and OHG. Jubel, ‘shout of joy, exultation,’ too, first occurs in ModHG.

Juchert, see Jauchert. —

juchzen, see jauchzen.

jucken, vb., ‘to rub, scratch, itch,’ from the equiv. MidHG. jucken (jücken), OHG. jucchen, wk. vb.; corresponding to AS. gyccan, E. to itch (Goth. *jukkjan). The stem juk, jukk, occurs also in OHG. jucchido, AS. gycða, ‘itch’ (MidLG. jöken, Du. jeuken, ‘to itch’).

Juks, see Jur.

Jugend, ‘period of youth, young people,’ from the equiv. MidHG. jugent(d), OHG. jugund, f.; corresponding to OSax. juguð, Du. jeugd, AS. geogoð, f., ‘youth, young troop,’ E. youth (see Bursche, Frauenzimmer, and Imme); the common Teut.