Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/188

---

rowed from Slav. like Kantschu and Peitsche in ModHG.; Pol. karbacz, Boh. karabáč (from Turk. kęrbač).

Karbe, Karve, f., ‘caraway,’ from the equiv. MidHG. karwe and karne, f.; allied to Fr. and Ital. carvi, ‘caraway.’ The usual assumption that this word as well as E. caraway is based on Lat. careum (Gr. κάρον), ‘caraway,’ is not quite satisfactory, hence the influence of Arab. al-karavîa is assumed.

Karch, m., ‘dray,’ from the equiv. MidHG. karrech, karrich, OHG. charrū̆k (hh), m. Probably current even in the 8th cent. on the Up. and Mid. Rhine, as may be inferred from the initial h, ch (comp. Pferd). It is based upon the late Lat. carruca, ‘honoratorum vehiculum opertum, four wheeled travelling car’ (a derivative of carrus; comp. Karren); Fr. charrue, ‘plough,’ is likewise based upon Lat. carrûca, which also signifies ‘plough’ in MidLat.

Karde, f., ‘fuller's thistle,’ from MidHG. karte, f., OHG. charta, f., ‘teasel, the instrument made from the thistle and used by cloth-weavers for carding wool.’ The final source is MidLat. cardus, carduus, ‘thistle’ (Fr. chardon, Ital. cardo), the d of the ModHG. word compared with the t of OHG. and MidHG. is due to the word, which was naturalised about the 7th cent., being based anew on the Lat. form. —

Kardetsche, Kardätsche, f., ‘carder's comb’; a derivative of Karde.

Karfreitag, m., ‘Good Friday,’ from the equiv. MidHG. karvrîtac, mostly kartac, m.; Karwoche, ‘Passion Week,’ is also current even in MidHG. The first part of the compound is OHG. chara, f., ‘lamentation. mourning’ (charasang, ‘elegy’). This OTeut. word for Klage, ‘lament,’ as distinguished from the other synonyms, signifies properly the silent, inward mourning, not the loud wailing, for in Goth. the cognate kara, f., means ‘care,’ AS. cearu, f., ‘care, suffering, grief,’ E. care. A corresponding vb. signifying ‘to sigh’ is preserved in OHG. quëran (Goth. *qaíran). Other derivatives of the Teut. root kar, qer, are wanting. See also karg.

Karfunkel, m., ‘carbuncle,’ from MidHG. karbunkel, m., with the variant karfunkel, probably based on MidHG. vunke, ModHG. Funke; b is the original sound, for the word is based upon Lat. carbunculus (comp. E. carbuncle, ModFr. escarboucle).

Karg, adj., ‘sparing, niggardly,’ from MidHG. karc (g), ‘prudent, cunning, sly,

stingy’; in OHG. charag, ‘sad’; a derivative of the OTeut. kara, ‘care,’ discussed under Karfreitag. From the primary meaning ‘anxious,’ the three significations ‘sad,’ ‘frugal,’ and ‘cunning’ might be derived; comp. AS. čearig, ‘sad,’ and E. chary, allied to E. care. The syncope of the vowel in MidHG. karc compared with OHG. charag is normal after r.

Karpfen, m., ‘carp,’ from the equiv. MidHG. karpfe, OHG. charpho, m.; comp. E. carp; allied to OIc. karfe. It cannot be decided whether Karpfen is a real Teut. word; probably MidLat. carpo, Fr. carpe, and Ital. carpione are derived from Teut. In Kelt. too there are cognate terms for ‘carp,’ W. carp; comp. also Russ. karpŭ, koropŭ, Serv. krap, Lith. kárpa, ‘carp.’

Karre, f., Karren, m., from the equiv. MidHG. karre, m. and f., OHG. charra, f., charro, m., ‘cart’; the HG. words and also the E. car (OIc. kerra) are based on MidLat. carrus, m., carra, f., and their Rum. derivatives (ModFr. char, ‘car’). Lat. carrus, ‘four-wheeled transport waggon,’ is again of Kelt. origin (Gael. carr, Bret. karr); comp. Karch, Pferd. — Kariole, Karriole, f., Kariol, n., ‘jaunting car,’ simply ModHG. from Fr. carriole. — Kärrner, m., ‘carter.’

Karst, m., ‘hoe,’ from the equiv. MidHG. karst, m., OHG. and OSax. carst; the word is not found in other groups. The etymology is dubious; allied to kehren (karjan), ‘to sweep’?.

Kartaune, Kartane, f., ‘short, heavy cannon,’ from Ital. quartana, MidLat. quartâna; this term, as well as its earlier ModHG. version Viertelsbüchse, signifies a gun “which fired 25 lbs., in comparison with the heaviest piece of artillery firing 100 lbs.”

Karte, f., ‘card, chart, map,’ from late MidHG. karte, f.; formed from Fr. carte.

Karthause, Kartause, f., ‘Carthusian monastery,’ from late MidHG. kartûse, f., which is again derived from Cartûsía, Chartreuse (near Grenoble, where the Carthusian order was founded in 1084 A.D.). — Karthäuser, ‘Carthusian friar,’ from MidHG. karthûser, karthiuser.

Kartoffel, f., ‘potato,’ derived by a process of differentiation from the earlier ModHG. form Tartuffel. Potatoes were introduced into Germany about the middle of the 18th cent. from Italy, as is proved by the Ital. name (comp. Ital. tartufo, tartufolo; see Trüffel). Another name, Erdapfel,