Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/187

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Teut. method, the Lat. accent is retained in OHG. chapëlla, MidHG. kapëlle, and the ModHG. form. It is true that in MidHG. káppelle (ModAlem. käppelle), with the G. accent also occurs, and hence the UpG. Kappel, Käppel, frequent names of villages. MidLat. capella has a peculiar history; as a dimin. of capa (comp. Kappe) it signified ‘a cape’; the chapel itself, in which the cloak of St. Martin and other relics were preserved, first obtained the name of capella; then from about the 7th cent. the use of the word became general. —

Kaplan, m., ‘chaplain,’ from MidHG. kappellãn,. It is based on MidLat. capellânus, which orig. denoted the priest who had to guard the cloak of St. Martin. — MidLat. capella also signifies the body of priests under a bishop, hence the other meanings of ModHG. Kapelle.

Kapelle (2.), f., ‘cupel,’ ModHG. only; it is based upon a combination of MidLat. capella, Fr. chapelle, ‘lid of an alembic,’ and MidLat. cupella, Fr. coupelle, ‘cupel, crucible’ (dimin. of Lat. cupa).

Kaper, m., ‘pirate,’ from the equiv. Du. kaper.

Kapitel, n., ‘chapter,’ from MidHG. kapítel, ‘solemn assembly, convention,’ OHG. capítal, capítul, ‘inscription.’ MidLat. capitulum has also both these meanings.

kapores, adj., ‘broken, destroyed,’ ModHG. only; according to the general acceptation it is not allied to ModHG. kaput, but is rather derived from Hebr. kappârâh, ‘reconciliation, atonement.’

Kappe, f., ‘hood, cowl’; the meaning MidHG. kappe, f., upon which it is based, does not correspond very often with that of ModHG., its usual signification being ‘a garment shaped like a cloak and fitted with a cowl as a covering for the head’; hence Tarnkappe, which has first been made current in ModHG. in this century through the revival by scholars of the MidHG. tornkappe (prop. ‘the cloak that makes the wearer invisible’). OHG. chappa; AS. cœppe, ‘cloak,’ E. cap. The double sense of the MidHG. word appears in the MidLat. and Rom. cappa, ‘cloak, cap,’ on which it is based (on the prim. form câpa is based E. cope, from MidE. cope, as well as OIc. kápa, ‘cloak’). With regard to the meaning comp. ModFr. chape (cape), ‘cope, scabbard, sheath, case,’ and the derivatives chapeau, ‘hat,’ and chaperon, ‘cowl.’ The MidLat. word was adopted by the more civilised

classes of Europe, passing into Slav. as well as into Rom. and Teut. The word was not borrowed, or rather not naturalised before the 8th cent., for an earlier borrowed term would have been *chapfa in OHG. and *kapfe in MidHG. — Comp. Kapelle.

kappen, vb., ‘to chop, lop,’ ModHG. simply, from Du. kappen, ‘to split’; comp. Dan. kappe and E. chap. In UpAlsat. kchapfe is found with the HG. form; allied also to the dial. graded forms kipfen, kippen; hence the Teut. root kep, kapp.

Kappes, Kappus, m., ‘headed cabbage,’ from the equiv. MidHG. kappaȥ, kappûs, kabeȥ, m. OHG. chabuȥ, chapuȥ, directly connected with Lat. caput, which strangely enough does not appear in MidLat. in the sense of ‘cabbage-head’; Ital. capuccio (hence Fr. cabus and E. cabbage) presumes, however, a MidLat. derivative of caput in the sense of ‘cabbage-head, headed cabbage.’ The naturalisation of the Ital. word in HG. may have been completed in the 7th cent. or so; by that time a number of Lat. names of plants, as well as the art of cookery and gardening introduced from the South, was already firmly established in Germany.

Kappzaum, m., ‘cavezon,’ ModHG. only, corrupted from Ital. cavezzone, whence also Fr. caveçon, ‘cavezon.’

kaput, adj., lit. ‘lost at play,’ ModHG. simply, from Fr. capot; faire capot, ‘to cause to lose,’ être capot, &c. The Fr. expression was introduced into G. with a number of other terms orig. used at play (comp. Treff).

Kapuze, f., ‘cowl,’ ModHG. only, from Ital. capuccio, whence also Fr. capuce; MidLat. capúcium; deriv. Kapuziner (MidLat. capucinus).

Karat, n., ‘carat,’ not derived fro MidHG. gárât, f. and n., ‘carat,’ which in ModHG. must have been Gárat. The ModHG. has been more probably borrowed anew from Fr. carat or Ital. caráto; the MidHG. word has adopted the G. accent, while the ModHG. term preserves the accent of the Rom. word upon which it is based.

Karausche, f., ‘crucian,’ ModHG. only; older variants, karaȥ, karûtsch; from Fr. carassin, ‘crucian’?. Comp. also E. crucian, and its equiv. Ital. coracino, Lith. karósas, Serv. karaš, Czech karas, which forms are nearer to HG. than to Fr.; the final source is Gr. κορακῖνος (MidLat. coracînus).

Karbatsche, f., ‘hunting-whip,’ bor-