Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/212

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kotzen, vb., ‘to vomit,’ first occurs in early ModHG.; of uncertain derivation.

Krabbe, f., ‘crab,’ borrowed, like most words with medial bb, from LG.; comp. MidLG. krabbe, Du. krab, AS. crabba, E. crab, Scand. krabbi; the strictly HG., i.e. permutated, form Krappe, appears in the 16th cent., yet the word was native only to the maritime Teutons. Krebs is from a cognate stem, but Gr. κάραβος, Lat. carabus, ‘sea-crab,’ are neither prim. allied, nor are they the forms from which the Teut. words were borrowed. Fr. crabe, ‘crabfish,’ is most closely connected with the Teut. and with the Lat. word.

krabbeln, vb., ‘to crawl,’ with LG. permutation, in contrast to MidHG. krappeln, of which the variant krabelen occurs, whence also earlier ModHG. krabeln. The form with a double labial may be due to its being popularly connected with Krabbe (Krappe), for in Scand. also a simple form is found without this double labial, Scand. krafla, ‘to scratch with the nails,’ and krafsa, ‘to shuffle with the feet.’ E. grabble, grapple, grab are connected with LG. and Du. grabbeln.

krachen, vb., ‘to crack, crash, break,’ from the equiv. MidHG. krachen, OHG. chrahhôn; comp. Du. kraken, ‘to crack (nuts, &c.), burst, crack, crackle,’ AS. cracian, E. to crack; Goth. *krakôn is wanting. AS. cearcian, ‘to crack’ (Goth. *karkôn), is worthy of note; comp. respecting the apparent transposition of the r, Brett and Bord, fragen and forschen. Teut. root krk from grg; comp. Sans. gṛg, garj, ‘to rustle, crackle.’ —

Krach, m., from the equiv. MidHG. krach, OHG. chrah, ‘crack, crash.’

krächzen, vb., ‘to croak,’ ModHG. only, a deriv. of krachen; in MidHG. krochzen, OHG. chrocchezan, ‘to croak,’ which is related by gradation to the stem of krachen. From AS. cracian, cracettan was formed, like ModHG. krächzen, from krachen.

Kracke, f., ‘sorry nag,’ ModHG. only, of obscure origin. Perhaps akin to Du. kraak, Fr. caraque, ‘clumsily built merchant ship’?.

Kraft, f., ‘strength,’ from MidHG. kraft, OHG. chraft, f., ‘strength, power, force of an army, multitude, abundance’; comp. OSax. craft, m. and f., Du. kracht; AS. crœft, m., with the HG. meanings, also ‘mental capacity, art, science,’ hence E. craft (the corresponding crafty shows prominently the last specialisation of meaning within the mental sphere); OIc.

kraptr, m., ‘strength,’ ModIc. krœfr, ‘strong,’ exhibits the stem without the dental suffix; yet OIc. krefja, ‘to beg, demand, challenge,’ as well as AS. crafian, E. to crave, seems, on account of its meaning, not to be connected with the subst. No certain cognates are found in the non-Teut. languages.

kraft, prep. ‘in virtue of,’ prop. dat. sing. of the preceding word, originally combined with the preps. aus or in. MidHG. kraft, with the gen. of a noun, is often simply a pleonasm for the noun itself — hôher wunne kraft for hôhiu wunne, ‘great bliss’; ûȥ zornes kraft, ‘in anger.’

Kragen, m., ‘collar,’ from MidHG. krage, m., ‘neck’ (of men and animals), also ‘nape,’ then further, ‘article worn round the neck, collar’; wanting in OHG., OSax., AS., and OIc. MidE. crawe, E. craw, ‘crop’ (of birds), point to AS. *craga; E. variant crag, ‘neck, nape,’ dial. also ‘crop’; ModIc. kragi, m., ‘collar,’ is of G. origin. Goth. kraga, m., ‘neck, throat,’ is wanting. Further references are uncertain; Gr. βρόγχος, ‘windpipe,’ may be allied, since its initial β may represent g (grogho-, grongho-); comp. also βρόχθος, ‘gullet, throat.’ MidHG. krage is also used personally as an abusive term, ‘fool’; hence ModHG. Geizkragen, ‘niggard.’

Krähe, f., ‘crow,’ from the equiv. MidHG. krœ̂e (rare), f. (usually krâ and krâwe, f.), OHG. chrâia, chrâwa, and chrâ, f.; comp. Du. kraai, OSax. krâia, f., AS. crâwe, f., E. crow; a West Teut. word allied to krähen, which was orig. a str. vb. The Scand. term kráka, f., ‘crow,’ cannot be immediately connected with the cognates adduced; it is only very remotely allied.

krähen, vb., ‘to crow,’ from the equiv. MidHG. krœ̂n, krœ̂jen (pret. krâte), OHG. chrâen, vb.; corresponding to AS. crâwan (pret. creów), E. to crow, and the equiv. Du. kraaijen; a specifically West Teut. vb., in Goth. hrûkjan. That it was not orig. used of the cock alone is attested by the etymology of Krähe, and also by the compounds, OHG. hanachrât, OSax. hanocrâd, AS. hancrêd, ‘cock-crow, crowing.’ The Teut. stem. krê-, krêw may be connected with OSlov. grąja, grajati, ‘to croak,’ and Lith. gróju, gróti, ‘to croak.’

Krahn, m., ‘crane’ (machine), ModHG. only, formed from LG. and Du.; prop. identical with Kranich, of which it is a shorter form; see Kranich. Gr. γέρανος