Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/213

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also means ‘crane’; comp. too Lat. aries, HG. Bock, as well as Lat. grus, as terms for machines.

Krakeel, m., ‘uproar,’ ModHG. only; comp. Du. krakeel; of obscure origin.

Kralle, f., ‘claw, talon, clutch,’ ModHG. only; wanting in the earlier periods. Allied to Gr. γράω, ‘to gnaw,’ Sans. root gras, ‘to devour’?. MidHG. krellen, ‘to scratch’ (Goth. *krazljan?), is more closely connected.

Kram, m., ‘retail trade,’ from MidHG. krâm, m., prop. ‘stretched cloth, marquee,’ espec. ‘covering of a stall,’ then the ‘stall’ itself (also called krâme, f.), ‘trade wares’; corresponding to Du. kraam, f., ‘retail shop, wares,’ then, strangely enough, ‘child-bed,’ which must have originated in the meaning ‘stretched cloth,’ as the covering for the bed. A specifically G. word introduced into the North by commerce (Ic. kram, n., ‘wares,’ Lith. krómas). ‘Tent-cloth’ may have been the prim. meaning of Goth. *krêma-.

Krammetsvogel, m., ‘fieldfare,’ from MidHG. kramat(s)vogel, krambitvogel, kranewitvogel, m., ‘fieldfare,’ prop. ‘juniper bird.’ The juniper in MidHG. is kranewite, kranwit (kramwit, kramat), OHG. chranawitu (prop. ‘crane-wood’), from krana-, ‘crane,’ mentioned under Krahn and Kranich, and OHG. witu, ‘wood’ (note the similarity in the E. word); comp. E. craneberry, cranberry, from crane.

Krampe, f., ‘staple, cramp,’ from LG., since we should have expected pf in HG.; comp. Du. kram for kramp, ‘hook, clamp,’ E. cramp, also cramp-irons; OHG. chrampf, ‘hook.’ From the Teut. cognates, which are based on the adj. *krampa-, discussed under Krampf, Fr. crampon, ‘cramp,’ is derived; see the next word.

Krämpe, f., ‘brim of a hat,’ ModHG. only, from LG. krempe, allied to the OHG. adj. chrampf, ‘curved’ (OIc. krappr, ‘close, narrow’); OHG. chrampf, quoted under Krampe, combines the meanings ‘hook’ and ‘border, brim.’

Krämpel, f., ‘carling-comb,’ borrowed from LG., but it occurs even in the MidHG. period; dimin. of Krampe, ‘hook.’

Krampf, m., ‘cramp, spasm, convulsion,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. krampf (OHG. also chrampfo); comp. OSax. cramp, Du. kramp, f., E. cramp; the common West Teut. term for ‘cramp’; orig. an adjectival subst. from OHG. chrampf,

‘curved,’ OIc. krappr (normal for *krampr), ‘narrow, pressed close.’ The Teut. stem krampa- has numerous cognates in G.; besides the LG. loan-words krampe, krämpe, krämpel, we may mention OHG. chrampf, ‘hook, border,’ chrimpfan, MidHG. krimpfen, ‘to contract in a crooked or spasmodic fashion,’ MidHG. krimpf, adj., ‘crooked’ masc. subst. ‘cramp’; ModHG. krumm is also allied, as is indicated by its OHG. and MidHG. variant krumpf, ‘bent, twisted.’ Comp. krumm, and OHG. chrimpfan, MidHG. krimpfen, ‘to be convulsed,’ ModDu. krimpen, ‘to draw in, shrivel,’ MidE. crimpil, ‘wrinkle,’ crumbe, ‘hook,’ crumpe, ‘crump,’ E. to crimple, ‘to contract,’ &c.; OIc. krappr, ‘narrow,’ and its nominal vb. kreppa, ‘to compress.’ Comp. Krüppel and Krapfen.

Kranich, m., from the equiv. MidHG. kranech (kręnich), m., OHG. chranuh, chranih (hh), m., ‘crane’ (bird); also without the guttural suffix, MidHG. krane, which agrees with the MidG., LG., and E. forms (Du. kraan, f., ‘crane’ — bird, and then machine; AS. cran and cornuc, E. crane in both senses). In the Scand. languages, OIc. trane, m., ‘crane,’ seems to be connected with these. The suffix ch in ModHG. is Goth. k in ahaks, ‘pigeon,’ AS. hafoc, ‘Habich-t’ (hawk). The corresponding words for ‘crane’ in the other West Aryan languages (prim. form ger-w) are the most closely allied — Gr. γέρανος, Kelt. and W. garan; also OSlov. žeravĭ, Lith. gérwê, f., Lat. grus (gen. gru-is), corresponds to OHG. chreia, ‘crane.’ The derivation of Gr. γέρανος, from γεράσκω, root ger, ‘to grow old,’ as if the crane were remarkable for its great age, is open to objection. Further, the crane is one of the few names of birds (see Drossel) in which several Aryan stems coincide. Comp. also Krahn and Krammetsvogel.

krank, adj., ‘sick, ill,’ from MidHG. kranc (k), adj., ‘narrow, slender, slight, powerless, weak, null’ (in OHG. not yet found). The earliest references are in the first half of the 12th cent., therefore krank is most frequently regarded as a LG. loan-word; but the late appearance of the word cannot be accepted as a proof of its having been borrowed, since this is not supported by its form, which may be derived from an OTeut. source; comp. OHG. chrancholôn, ‘to grow weak, stumble’; AS. cranc, ‘feeble, infirm,’ also occurs rarely. For