Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/214

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the further history of the word we must at all events proceed from the latter meaning (siech is the OTeut. adj. for ‘sick’); Scand. krankr, ‘sick,’ is borrowed from G. (*krakkr must have been the native form); a genuine Scand. krangr, ‘feeble,’ also occurs. The common West Teut. adj. kranka- is connected with AS. cringan, lit. ‘to writhe like one mortally wounded, salt in fight, fall with a crash’ (thus closely allied in meaning to AS. cranc, ‘infirm, tottering’). With the same root kring, krink, are connected ModHG. Kring, ‘circular pad for the head,’ E. crank, to crankle, crinkle. —

kränken, ‘to make ill,’ from MidHG. krenken, ‘to torment, grieve,’ prop. ‘to lessen, humiliate.’

Kranz, m., ‘wreath,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and late OHG. kranz, m.; a specifically HG. word, which in this form has passed within historic times into other Teut. languages (Ic. krans, Du. krans). Perhaps allied to Sans. granth, ‘to tie (a knot), bind,’ granthi-s, m., ‘knot,’ or even with Lith. grandis, m., ‘bracelet, tyre of a wheel’ (Lett. grůdi, ‘wood for framing,’ from the base *grandai).

Kräppel, Kräpfel, dimin. of Krapfen.

Krapfen (1.), Krappe, m., from the equiv. MidHG. krâpfe (MidG. krâpe), m., ‘a kind of pastry, fritter'; OHG. chrâpfo, m., orig. identical with the following word; so called from the hooked form of the pastry.

Krapfen (2.), m., ‘cramp, hook, dung-fork,’ from MidHG. krâpfe, krâpe, m., ‘hook, cramp,’ OHG. chrâpfo, ‘hook,’ also ‘claw, talon’; the Goth. form. *knêppa is wanting, nor is the word found in the other Teut. languages; before the HG. permutation of consonants it passed in the form grappo, grapo into Rom. (Ital. grappa, ‘cramp, talon,’ Fr. grappin, ‘grapnel’). Comp. further E. craple, ‘claw, talon.’ It is doubtful whether OHG. chrâcho (Goth. krêkka), m., ‘hooked instrument,’ and Scand. kraki, m., ‘stake,’ are allied. The stem of Krapfen appears in a nasal form in OHG. chrampf, ‘curved,’ and OHG. chrampfa, chrampho, m., ‘iron hook’ (comp. Fr. crampon, ‘cramp, borrowed from OHG.). Consequently Krapfen is connected with Krampf.

Krätze (1.), f., ‘dosser,’ from MidHG. kręzze, also kratte, m., ‘basket’; OHG. chręzzo and chratto, m., ‘basket.’ Perhaps the word is allied, on account of the Mid-

HG. variant krenze, with Kranz. On the other hand, OHG. chratto and MidHG. kratte suggest AS. cradol, E. cradle, and also Du. krat, AS. crœt, E. cart (orig. ‘cart-basket’?), E. crate. With Gr. κάρταλλος, ‘basket,’ these cognates cannot be connected.

Krätze (2.), f., ‘itch,’ from MidHG. kretz, kratz, allied to kratzen.

kratzen, vb., from the equiv. MidHG. kratzen, kretzen, OHG. chrazzôn, ‘to scratch’ (allied to Scand. krota, ‘to dig in,’ Goth. gakrutôn, ‘to grind’); previous to the HG. permutation of consonants *kratton, whence Ital. grattare, Fr. gratter, ‘to scratch.’ Comp. kritzeln.

krauen, vb., ‘to tickle,’ from the equiv. MidHG. krouwen, OHG. chrouwôn, krouwen; Goth. *kraujôn, or rather *kraggwôn, and other correspondences are wanting. With this vb. is connected OHG. chrouwil, MidHG. kröuwel, m., ‘three-pronged fork, talon, claw,’ to which Swiss and ModHG. Kräuel, ‘fork with hooked prongs’; comp. Du. kraauwel, m., ‘pitchfork, fork, claw, finger-nail,’ allied to kraauwen, ‘to scratch.’ Connected with Krume.

kraus, adj., ‘frizzled,’ from MidHG. krûs, ‘curled, frizzled’; unknown to all the OTeut. languages; retained in MidDu. kruis, ModDu. kroes, ‘dishevelled, entangled, frizzled, stubborn’; MidE. crûs, ‘frizzled, angry.’ The genuine Teut. origin and great antiquity of kraus are certified by the equiv. parallel cognates, MidHG. krol (ll), ‘curly, lock of hair,’ Du. krul, ‘lock,’ krullig, ‘frizzled, curly,’ MidE. crul, ‘curly.’ Comp. Krolle.

Krause, f., ‘pitcher with a lid,’ from MidHG. krûse, f., ‘pitcher, earthenware drinking vessel’; OHG. *chrûsa, f.; MidDu. kruise, AS. *crûse, MidE. crûse, E. cruse; Scand. krús, ‘pitcher with a lid.’ It is not immediately connected with HG. Krug. That the word is of foreign origin seems certain, yet the ultimate source cannot be Gr. κρωσσός, ‘pitcher.’ See the following word.

Kräusel, m., ‘top,’ with the more frequent variant Kreisel, a corrupt form which arose from connecting Kräusel with the circular (kreisförmig) movement of a top; MidHG. *kriusel, MidG. krûsel, m., ‘top,’ a dimin. of Krause, hence lit. ‘small pitcher.’ Comp. the UpG. term Topf for ‘top.’

Kraut, n., ‘herb, vegetable, weed,’ from