Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/308

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Riffel, Rüffel, n., ‘flax-comb, ripple; censure,’ probably allied to MidHG. riffeln, rifeln, ‘to comb or hatchel flax,’ riffel, ‘mattock,’ OHG. riffila, ‘saw.’ G. has similar figurative terms for ‘to find fault with, inveigh against’ (similar to etwas durchecheln, ‘to censure’). Comp. reffen.

Rind, n., ‘horned cattle,’ from the equiv. MidHG. rint (gen. rindes), OHG. rind, earlier hrind, n.; Goth. *hrinþis, n., is wanting; AS. hrŷþer (hrîðer, hrîð-), MidE. rother, Du. rund, ‘horned cattle,’ imply Goth. *hrunþis, a graded variant allied to Rind, Goth. *hrinþis. OHG. hrind is usually connected, like Hirsch, with the stem ker, ‘horn, horned’ (see Horn), appearing in Gr. κέρας, and also with Gr. κριός, ‘ram.’ The G. word is, however, probably not allied to these words.

Rinde, f., ‘rind, crust, bark,’ from MidHG. rinde, OHG. rinta, f., ‘rind of trees, crust,’ also (rarely) ‘bread-crust’; corresponding to AS. rind, E. rind. Its kinship with Rand and Ramst is undoubted; their common root seems to be rem, ram, ‘to cease, end’; comp. espec. AS. reoma, rima, E. rim. Some etymologists connect it with Goth. rimis, ‘repose’; comp. Sans. ram, ‘to cease, rest.’

Ring, m., ‘ring, circle, link,’ from MidHG. rinc (gen. ringes), OHG. ring, earlier hring, m.. ‘ring, hoop, circular object’; comp. OSax. hring, Du. ring, AS. hring, E. ring, OIc. hringr, m. The common Teut. word, which implies a casually non-existent Goth. *hriggs, denoted a circle, and everything of a circular form. Pre-Teut. krengho- appears also in the corresponding OSlov. krągŭ, m., ‘circle,’ krąglŭ, ‘round.’ From the Teut. word, which also signifies ‘assembly’ (grouped in a circle), are derived the Rom. cognates, Ital. aringo, ‘rostrum,’ Fr. harangue, ‘public speech,’ and Fr. rang.

Ringel, m., ‘ringlet, curl,’ dimin. of the preceding word; MidHG. ringele, ‘marigold,’ OHG. ringila, f., ‘marigold, heliotrope.’

ringen, vb., ‘to encircle; wring, wrestle, strive,’ from MidHG. ringen, ‘to move to and fro, exert oneself, wind,’ OHG. ringan, from an earlier *wringan; comp. Du. wringen, ‘to wring, squeeze,’ AS. wringan, E. to wring; Goth. *wriggan is implied by wruggô, ‘snare.’ The root wring, identical with the root wrank (see renken), meant orig. ‘to turn in a winding manner, move

with effort.’ With this are connected ModHG. Ranke, E. wrong, MidE. wrang, ‘bent, perverted, wrong’ (OIc. rangr, ‘bent, wrong,’ ModDu. wrang, ‘sour, bitter’), and E. to wrangle. Perhaps würgen (root wrg) is allied; E. to ring is, however, not connected, since it comes from AS. hringan.

Rinken, ‘large ring, buckle,’ an UpG. word, from MidHG. rinke, m. and f., ‘buckle, clasp,’ whence MidHG. rinkel, ‘small buckle’; an old derivative of Ring (OHG. rinka, from the primit. form *hringjôn).

Rinne, f., ‘channel, gutter, groove,’ from MidHG. rinne, f., OHG. rinna, f., ‘watercourse,’ MidHG. also ‘gutter, eavestrough.’ Comp. Goth. rinnô, f., ‘brook,’ and AS. rynele, E. rindle. Connected with the following word.

rinnen, vb., ‘to run, flow, leak, drop, from MidHG. rinnen, OHG. rinnan, ‘to flow, swim, run.’ This vb. is common to Teut. in the same sense; Goth. rinnan, AS. irnan, E. to run, Du. runnen, OSax. rinnan; the orig. sense of all these is ‘to move on rapidly.’ The nn of Goth. rinnan is usually regarded as a part of the pres. stem for no (comp. Gr. δάκνω, Lat. sper-no), and a root ren, run, is assumed, which is preserved in AS. ryne (from *runi-).

Rippe (Luther, Riebe), f., ‘rib,’ from MidHG. rippe (ribe), n. and f., OHG. rippa, f., rippi (ribi), n. ‘rib’; corresponding to the equiv. Du. rib, ribbe, AS. ribb, E. rib, OIc. rif; Goth. *ribi, n. (plur. *ribja), is by chance not recorded. Teut. ribja-, from pre-Teut. rebhyo-, is cognate with ModHG. Rebe and OSlov. rebro, n., ‘rib,’ from rebhro-. See Rebe, where ‘entwining’ is deduced as the prim. meaning of Rippe.

Rispe, f., ‘panicle,’ from MidHG. rispe, ‘f., ‘branches, bushes,’ akin to OHG. hrispahi, n., ‘bushes’; of obscure origin. The derivation from OHG. hrëspan, MidHG. rëspen, ‘to pluck, gather,’ is not quite satisfactory.

Rist, m., ‘wrist, instep; withers,’ from MidHG. rist, riste, m., f., and n., ‘wrist, instep’; OHG. *rist, as well as the implied earlier *wrist, are by chance not recorded; comp. Du. wrist (dial. Frist), AS. wyrst, wrist, E. wrist, OFris. riust, wirst, ‘wrist, ankle,’ OIc. rist, f., ‘instep’; Goth. *wrists is not recorded. The primit. meaning of the cognates is usually assumed to be ‘turning-point,’ Rist being referred to a