Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/309

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Teut. root wrī̆þ, ‘to turn,’ which has been reserved in E. to writhe, as well as in ModHG. Reitel, ‘packing-stick’ (MidHG. reitel for an earlier *wreitel), Other etymologists connect the word with Gr. ῥίζα (from *ϝρισδα?), ‘root.’ Yet OHG. rîho (for earlier *wrîho), ModHG. Reihen, is probably most closely connected with the cognates of Rist, so that Goth. *wristi- would represent wrihsti-, and thus imply an Aryan root wrī̆k.

Riß, m., ‘cleft, gap, schism,’ from MidHG. riȥ, m., ‘cleft’; the corresponding OHG. riȥ, m., in contrast to the MidHG. and ModHG. which are connected with the vb. reißen, preserves the earlier meaning ‘letter’ (Goth. writs, ‘stroke, point’), which connects it with Goth. wrîtan, ‘to write, draw’ (see reißen). Comp., moreover, Riß, in the earlier sense of ‘sketch.’

Ritt, m., ‘ride,’ first occurs in early ModHG.; a derivative of reiten.

Ritten, m., ‘fever,’ from the equiv. MidHG. rite, ritte, OHG. rito, ritto, m., for an earlier *hriþjo, ‘fever’; so too AS. hriþa, m., ‘fever’; allied to OHG. rîdon, MidHG. rîden, ‘to shiver,’ AS. hriþian, ‘to shiver in a fever,’ OHG. rîdo, ‘shivering,’ AS. hriþ, ‘storm.’ The root hrī̆þ, pre-Teut. krī̆t, ‘to move wildly,’ appears also in OIr. crith, ‘shivering.’

Ritter, n., ‘chevalier, knight,’ from MidHG. ritter, riter, m., ‘horseman, knight’ (also rîtœre); the form with tt is due to a confusion with OHG. ritto, ‘horseman’ (from ridjo). See reiten and Reuter.

Ritze, f., ‘rift, rent,’ from MidHG. riz (gen. ritzes), m., ‘rift, wound,’ like rißen, from MidHG. ritzen, ‘to scratch, wound,’ OHG. rizzen, rizzân; allied to reißen.

Robbe, f., ‘sea-dog, seal,’ borrowed from LG., like most ModHG. words with a medial bb (Ebbe, Krabbe, &c.); comp. Du. rob, m., ‘sea-dog, seal’; the equiv. Scand. kobbi, similar in sound (akin to kópr, ‘young sea-dog’), is not allied. The Teut. word, Goth. *silha- (comp. AS. seolh, E. seal, OHG. sëlah, OIc. selr) became obsolete in G. at an early period. The source and history of the LG. term is obscure.

Roche (1.), m., ‘ray, thornback,’ from LG. ruche; comp. the equiv. Du. roch, rog, AS. reohha, *rohha, whence MidE. reihe, rouhe; also E. roach, rocke? (E. ray is derived from Lat. raja, whence also Ital. raja, Fr. raie).

Roche (2.), m., ‘castle’ (at chess), from

the equiv. MidHG. roch, n.; borrowed with chess-playing from the Fr. (roc, whence also MidE. and E. rook). The ultimate source is Pers. rukh, rokh, ‘archer mounted on an elephant’ (at chess), Deriv. rochieren.

röcheln, vb., ‘to rattle,’ from MidHG. rücheln, rüheln, ‘to neigh, roar, rattle’; allied to OHG. rohôn, MidHG. rohen, ‘to grunt, roar’; comp. Du. rogchelen, ‘to spit out.’ The Teut. root ruh, ruhh, preserved in these words, has been connected with the Slav. root ryk (from rûk); comp. OSlov. rykati, ryknąti, ‘to roar’ (Lett. ŕūkt), to which has to be added perhaps the Gr.-Lat. root rug in rugire, ‘to roar,’ ὀρυγμός, ‘roaring.’

Rock, m., ‘coat, robe, petticoat,’ from MidHG. roc (gen. rockes), OHG. rocch, m., ‘outer garment, coat’; corresponding to the equiv. Du. rok, OFris. rok, AS. rocc, OIc. rokkr; the implied Goth. *rukka- is wanting. From the Teut. cognates is derived the Rom. class, Fr. rochet, ‘surplice’ (MidLat. roccus, ‘coat’), which again passed into E. (rochet). The early history of the Teut. cognates is obscure; allied to Rocken?.

Rocken, m., ‘distaff,’ from the equiv. MidHG. rocke, OHG. roccho, m.; common to Teut. in the same sense; comp. Du. rok, rocken, AS. *rocca, MidE. rocke, E. rock, OIc. rokkr; Goth. *rukka is by chance not recorded. The Teut. word passed into Rom.; comp. Ital. rocca, ‘distaff.’ It may be doubted whether Recken and Rock are derived from an old root rak, ‘to spin,’ which does not occur elsewhere. At any rate, Rocken is not connected with the equiv. LG. wocken, since the cognates of Rocken, according to the LG. and E. terms, have not lost an initial w.

reden, vb., ‘to root out,’ from MidHG. roden, the MidG. and LG. variant of riuten, ‘to root out.’

Rodomontade, f., ‘boasting, bluster, swaggering,’ from the equiv. Fr. rodomontade, Ital. rodomondata, f. Rodomonte is derived from Ariosto's Orlando Furioso, and is the name of a boastful Moorish hero; it first appears in Boiardo's Orlando Innamorata, and means lit. ‘roller of mountains, one who boasts that he can roll away mountains.’

Rogen, m., ‘roe, spawn,’ from the equiv. MidHG. rogen, OHG. rogan, m., for an earlier *hrogan, mm.; also MidHG. roge, OHG. rogo, m.; corresponding to the equiv. OIc. hrogn, n. plur., AS. *hrogn, E. roan,