Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/314

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rümpfen, vb., ‘to turn up (the nose),’ from MidHG. rümphen, ‘to turn up (the nose), wrinkle’; OHG. *rumpfen is wanting, rimpfan (MidHG. rimphen), ‘to contract, wrinkle,’ being used; comp. Du. rimpelen, ‘to wrinkle,’ and rompelig, ‘rugged.’ The cognates have scarcely lost an initial h in spite of the existence of AS. hrympele, ‘wrinkle,’ and gehrumpen, ‘wrinkled,’ since gerumpen, ‘bent,’ is also recorded in AS. without an initial h. The Teut. root rimp (comp. further E. rimple, rumple, and Du. rimpel, ‘wrinkle’) has been connected with Gr. ῥάμφος, ‘curved beak, espec. of birds of prey,’ as well as ῥέμβομαι, ‘to roam,’ ῥαμφή, ‘curved dagger.’

rund, adj., ‘round,’ from the equiv. MidHG. runt (gen. rundes), adj.; borrowed from Fr. rond (from Lat. rotundus), whence also E. round, Du. rond, Dan. and Swed. rund.

Rune, f., see raunen.

Runge, f., ‘rung; bolt, pin; trigger,’ from MidHG. and MidLG. runge, f., ‘drag-shoe’; OHG. *runga, older *hrunga, f., are by chance not recorded; comp. Goth. hrugga, f., ‘staff,’ AS. hrung, E. rung. The prim. sense is probably ‘spar,’ therefore the connection with ModHG. Ring is doubtful.

Runkelrübe, f., ‘beetroot,’ ModHG. only, of obscure origin.

rünstig, adj., ‘flowing, running,’ in blutrünstig, ‘bleeding, bloody,’ from MidHG. bluot-runsec, -runs, adj., ‘bloody, wounded,’ allied to MidHG. and OHG. bluot-runs, ‘hæmorrhage, bleeding wound.’ Runs is an abstract from rinnen; comp. Goth. runs (gen. runsis), ‘course,’ runs blôþis, ‘issue of blood.’ Hence also ModHG. (dial.) Runs, ‘course of a torrent.’

Runzel, f., ‘wrinkle, fold, rumple,’ from the equiv. MidHG. runzel, OHG. runzila, f.; dimin. of OHG. runza, MidHG. runze, f., ‘wrinkle.’ By inference from OIc. krukka, MidHG. runke, and E. wrinkle (AS. wrincle), the OHG. from runza represents *wrunkza, *wrunkizza, with a dimin. suffix; the loss of the guttural is normal as in Blitz from *blikz, Lenz from *lęnkz. In the non-Teut. languages comp. Lat. rûga, Lith. rùkti, ‘to become wrinkled,’ raúkas, ‘wrinkle’ (see further rauh).

Rüpel, m., ‘coarse fellow, lubber,’ prop. a Bav. abbreviation of Ruprecht (hence Rüpel and Rüppel as surnames); for a similar use of proper names comp. Metze. Pro-

bably the meaning of Rüpel was occasioned by Knecht Ruprecht, ‘Knight Robert’ (bugbear in nursery tales), in whose character maskers disported themselves in a rude and coarse manner.

rupfen, vb., ‘to pluck (feathers), pick,’ from MidHG. rupfen, ropfen, an intensive form of raufen. To this is allied ruppig, ‘battered,’ from LG. ruppen for UpG. rupfen.

Rüssel, m., ‘trunk (of an elephant), snout,’ from the equiv. MidHG. rüeȥel, m.; ModHG. has shortened the real stem vowel as in lassen, from MidHG. lâȥen. OHG. *ruoȥil, earlier *wruoȥil, are unrecorded. Comp. the equiv. AS. wrôt, East Fris. wrôte, formed without the l suffix; also OHG. ruozzen, ‘to root or tear up the earth,’ Du. wroeten and North Fris. wretten, ‘to root,’ AS. wrôtan, wrôtian, E. to root. The Teut. root wrôt, ‘to root up’ (Rüssel is lit. ‘the uprooting snout of a pig’), from pre-Teut. wrôd (yet see Wurzel), has not yet been discovered in the non-Teut. languages; perhaps Lat. rôdere, ‘to gnaw,’ is primit. allied.

Rüste, f., from the equiv. late MidHG. rust, f., ‘repose, rest,’ a variant of Rast, derived from LG. Comp. Du. rust, ‘rest.’

rüsten, vb., ‘to prepare, equip, arm,’ from MidHG. rüsten, OHG. rusten, earlier *hrustjan, ‘to arm, prepare, adorn’; comp. Du. rusten, AS. hyrstan (for hrystan), ‘to deck, adorn.’ A denom. of OHG. rust, ‘armour,’ AS. hyrst, ‘decoration, adornment, armour,’ which again are verbal abstracts from a Teut. root hruþ, ‘to adorn.’ Comp. AS. hreódan, ‘to adorn,’ OIc. hrjóða, ‘to cleanse, discharge (a ship).’ May we also connected with this root hruþ, Teut. *hrossa-, ‘charger,’ as a partic. in ta- in the sense of ‘that which is adorned,’ in so far as it is an object of adornment? The Teut. root hruþ (from Aryan kruth, krut?) has been said, probably without any proof, to exist in Gr. κεκορυθμένος, ‘armed,’ κορύσσω, ‘to arm,’ κορυθ-, ‘helmet’; yet the dissyllable root κορυθ- cannot be made to tally with the Teut. hruþ of one syllable. See also Gerüste.

rüstig, adj., ‘prepared for action, vigorous, robust,’ from MidHG. rüstec, ‘vigorous, armed,’ OHG. rustîg, ‘prepared, adorned.’ With regard to the evolution of meaning comp. fertig, also entrüstet. OIc. hraustr, ‘brave, competent,’ is more remote.

Ruß, m., ‘soot,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. ruoȥ, m.; comp. Du. roet,