Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/323

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f.; corresponding to the equiv. Goth. skanda, AS. sčęǫnd, Du. schande, f.; an abstract form from the root skam (see Scham), with the change of m into n before d, as in Rand. Comp. further the partic. in da- formed from the same root, OHG. scant (see laut, fatt, and zart); from this is derived ModHG. schänden, MidHG. schęnden, OHG. scęnten, ‘to dishonour, ravish.’

Schank, m., ‘retail, from late MidHG. *schanc, m., in wîn-schanc, m., ‘wine tavern’; the simple MidHG. word schanc signifies ‘vessel to pour from; present.’ Allied to schenken.

Schanker, m., ‘cancer, chancre,’ ModHG. only, formed from Fr. chancre.

Schanze (1.), f., ‘chance, fortune’; comp. etwas in die Schanze schlagen, ‘to hazard something.’ From MidHG. schanze, f., ‘throw at dice, lucky throw, game’; borrowed from the equiv. Fr. and E. chance (MidLat. cadentia, ‘throwing of the dice,’ Ital. cadenza, ‘fall’).

Schanze (2.), f., ‘redoubt, earthwork,’ from late MidHG. schanze, f., ‘bundle of faggots, redoubt’; akin to Du. schans. Of obscure origin.

Schar (1.), see Pflugschar.

Schar (2.), f., ‘host, troop, crowd,’ from MidHG. schar, f., ‘division of an army, drawn up detachment of soldiers, knot of four or more men, crowd, heap,’ OHG. skara, f., ‘host.’ The meaning is not connected with scheren. AS. sčęalu, sčęolu (E. shoal), ‘host,’ is abnormal. From Teut. is derived the Rom. word schiera, ‘host, troop, swarm.’ See Scherge.

Scharbe, f., ‘cormorant,’ from MidHG. scharbe, OHG. scarba, scarva, f., ‘diver, cormorant’; comp. OIc. skarfr, ‘pellicanus graculus’; AS. scrœf?.

Scharbock, m., ‘scurf, scurvy,’ early ModHG., a corruption of MidLat. scorbûtus. From the same source are derived the equiv. Du. scheurbuik, E. scurvy, Ital. scorbuto, and Fr. scorbut. The ultimate source of the cognates is Du. scheurbuik, or rather its older forms with a dental in the suffix, as in scorbutus (Du. scheur, ‘rift, cleft,’ but, ‘bone’); ModDu. scheurbuik is also very probably a corruption, the word being connected with buik, ‘belly.’

scharf, adj., ‘sharp, acrid, acute,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. scharf, scharpf; in the same sense occur the corresponding forms OSax. scarp, Du. scherp, AS. sčearp, E. sharp, OIc. skarpr; Goth. *skarpa- is

by chance not recorded. In the sense of ‘sharp, cutting,’ the following are also allied: — OHG. scrëvôn, ‘to cut in,’ OHG. scarbôn, MidHG. and ModHG. scharben, ‘to cut in pieces,’ as well as AS. sčeorfan, ‘to tear off’ (see schürfen), MidHG. schrapfe (Goth. *skrappô), ‘tool for scratching,’ E. to scrape; yet the final labials present a difficulty. OHG. and MidHG. sarpf, as an equiv. variant of scharf, is abnormal, so too OIc. snarpr, ‘sharp.’ From Teut. are derived Fr. escarper, ‘to cut steep down, escarp,’ escarpe, ‘slope,’ Ital. scarpa, ‘slope; locksmith's chisel.’ In the non-Teut. languages Gr. ἅρπη, ‘sickle,’ OSlov. srŭpŭ, ‘sickle,’ are allied to OHG. sarf, though, of course, this does not explain the form scharf, Goth. *skarpa-, which is perhaps connected with the Teut. root skrap (skrab, skrb), ‘to slit, cut in’ (see schröpfen).

Scharlach, m., ‘scarlet,’ from the equiv. MidHG. scharlach, scharlachen, n., which is, as is shown by Du. scharlaken, a corruption of MidHG. scharlât, the word being thus connected with Laken (MidHG. lachen, ‘cloth’); scharlât (comp. E. scarlet, MidE. scarlat) is formed from OFr. escarlate (ModFr. écarlate), ‘scarlet stuff.’ Comp. MidLat. scarlatum, Ital. scarlatto. The ultimate source of the word is Oriental; comp. Pers. sakirlât (Turk. iskerlet).

Scharlei, m., ‘sage’ (bot.), from MidHG. scharleie, f., ‘borrago, clary’; of uncertain origin, which the equiv. Ital. schiarea, MidLat. sclareia, scarleia, are not able to elucidate.

Scharmützel, n., ‘skirmish,’ from the equiv. MidHG. scharmützel, scharmutzel, m., which, like Du. schermutseling, are derived from Ital. scarmuccia (Fr. escarmouche), ‘skirmish,’ which again comes from Ital. schermire, ‘to fight.’ The ultimate origin of the word is OHG. and MidHG. schirmen, ‘to fight.’ Comp. further E. skirmish.

Schärpe, f., ‘scarf, sash,’ ModHG. only, formed from the equiv. Fr. écharpe, of which the OFr. form escharpe, ‘wallet hung round the neck of a pilgrim,’ is derived, like Ital. sciarpa, ‘scarf, girdle,’ from late OHG. scharpe, ‘pocket.’ Note Bav. Schärpfen.

Scharreisen, n., ‘scraper,’ from the equiv. MidHG. scherre, OHG. scërra, f., under the influence of scharren.

scharren, vb., ‘to scrape, scratch,’ from the equiv. MidHG. scharren, a graded form of the