Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/346

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Schulter, f., ‘shoulder,’ from the equiv. MidHG. schulter, OHG. scultarra, f., corresponding to Du. schouder, AS. sculdor, E. shoulder, Dan. skulder, Swed. skuldra. This undoubtedly genuine Teut. word is wanting in Goth.; its origin is obscure.

Schultheiß, m., ‘chief magistrate,’ from MidHG. schultheiȥe (schultheitze), m., ‘he who assigns duties, judge,’ OHG. scultheiȥô, scultheitzo, m., ‘tribunus, praefectus, centurio.’ It is remarkable that “this term, purely judicial in its etymological origin, should have been transferred to captains of an army” in OHG., and “that this judicial term does not appear in the older laws, except in the Lombardic, although it has been diffused from the Middle Ages till the present day throughout the greatest part of Germany.” Comp. LG. schulte, from schuldhete, Du. schout (from scholdhete), ‘village magistrate,’ Fris. skeldata, skelta; AS. sčyldhœ̂ta; the compound is wanting in Goth. The ModHG. form Schulze (also as a proper name; comp. LG. Schulte) is based on MidHG. schuldheize (as well as -heiȥe), OHG. schuldheizo (as well as -heiȥo), and ultimately on Goth. *haitja (tj produces tz, but ti changes into ȥi, see Grüße, Weizen).

Schulz, see the preceding word.

Schund, m., ‘offal, refuse, excrement,’ ModHG. only, recently derived from schinden. Orig. perhaps ‘filth of the sewer.’

Schupf, m., ‘push, jerk,’ from MidHG. schupf, m., ‘swing, rocking movement,’ allied to MidHG. schupfen, ‘to waver,’ OHG. scupfa, ‘see-saw’; intensive forms of schieben.

Schuppe, f., ‘scale (of fish, &c.),’ from the equiv. MidHG. schuoppe (schuope, schuppe), m., OHG. scuoppa, f. Comp. Du. schob, ‘scale’; a derivative of the Teut. root skab (skôb), ‘to shave, scrape.’

Schüppe, f., ‘spade, shovel,’ ModHG., only, from East MidG. and LG. schüppe, comp. Du. schup, schop, ‘shovel, spade,’ allied to schupfen. — Schüppen, ‘spade (at cards),’ is identical with Schüppe, and is formed on the model of Fr. pique. Comp. Du. schoppen, ‘spade (at cards).’

Schuppen, Schoppen, m., ‘shed, coach-house,’ ModHG. only, formed from MidG. and LG.; corresponding to AS. sčypen. E. dial. shippen, ‘stable’; in OHG. and MidHG. schopf, schof (Bav. and Alem. Schopf), ‘structure without walls, penthouse, vestibule.’ Comp. AS. sčęoppa, ‘hull, hut,’ E.

shop (from AS. is also probably derived Fr. échoppe, ‘booth’).

Schur, f., ‘shearing, vexation, fleecing,’ from MidHG. schuor, m. and f., ‘shearing,’ a graded form of the root skē̆r, skō̆r, ‘to shear.’

schüren, vb., ‘to stir, poke,’ from MidHG. schürn, ‘to urge on, irritate, stir (the fire)’; allied to MidHG. schorn, ‘to sweep together,’ MidHG. schor, OHG. scora (Goth. skaúrô), ‘shovel.’

schürfen, vb., ‘to scratch, scrape, dig,’ from MidHG. schürfen, schürpfen, ‘to cut up,’ to which schürfœre, ‘flayer, executioner,’ OHG. scurfen, ‘to cut up,’ and AS. scrëpan, sceorpan, are allied. Probably connected with the root skrëp, skërp, ‘to be sharp.’ See scharf, schrappen, and schröpfen.

Schurke, m., ‘rascal, knave, villain,’ ModHG. only, allied to OHG. fir-scurgo, ‘rascal,’ which is connected with fir-scurigen, ‘to thrust away.’

Schurz, m., Schürze, f., ‘apron,’ from MidHG. schurz, m., ‘shortened garment, apron’; allied to OHG. scurz, ‘short,’ AS. sčęort, E. short, whence also MidHG. schürzen, ‘to shorten, tuck up the dress under the girdle to make it shorter below, gird up.’ A Teut. derivative skurtjôn is also indicated by AS. *sčyrte, E. shirt, OIc. skyrta, ‘shirt’ (OIc. skorta, ‘to be in want of’). These genuinely Teut. cognates imply a Teut. root skrt (MidHG. schërze, m., ‘piece cut off’), which has not yet been found elsewhere. With regard to the union of this word with Lat. curtus in some languages, see under kurz.

Schüssel, f., ‘dish, platter,’ from the equiv. MidHG. schüȥȥel, OHG. scuȥȥila, f.; comp. Du. schotel, ‘dish,’ AS. scutel, OIc. skutell, m., ‘dish, small table.’ With regard to the meaning see Tisch, with which it was borrowed, probably contemporaneously (about the 6th cent.) with the adoption of Roman cookery, from Lat. scutula, scutella, ‘small dish.’ Comp. further from the same source AS. scutel, E. scuttle; also Fr. écuelle (scutella), Ital. scodella, ‘bowl.’

Schuster, m., ‘shoemaker, cobbler,’ from the equiv. MidHG. schuoch-sûtœre, m.; OHG. and MidHG. also merely sûtâri, sûtœ̂re, m., ‘cobbler’; corresponding to AS. sûtêre, Northern E. and Scotch souter. Borrowed from Lat. sutor, with a G. suffix denoting the agent; sûtâri, as a genuine Teut. derivative from the Teut. root sī̆w, ‘to sew,’ discussed under Saum and Säule,