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plays a more important rôle in marriage than the father-in-law.

Schwalbe, f.,‘swallow,’ from the equiv. MidHG. swalwe, OHG. swalawa, f.; a common Teut. term; corresponding to the equiv. Du. zwaluw, AS. swealwe, E. swallow, OIc. svala (gen. svǫlu), f., ‘swallow.’ No certain explanation can be given of the prim. form swalwôn, f.; perhaps it represents swalgwôn-, pre-Teut. swalkuân, to which Gr. ἀλκύων is also traced.

Schwalch, m., ‘gullet, opening in a furnace,’ from MidHG. swalch, m., ‘gullet,’ allied to schwelgen.

Schwall, m., ‘swell, billow, flood,’ from MidHG. swal(ll), m., ‘swollen mass’; allied to schwellen.

Schwamm, n., ‘sponge, fungus,’ from the equiv. MidHG. swam (mm), swamp (b), m., OHG. swam (mm), swamb, m.; comp. Goth. swamms, ‘sponge,’ OIc. svǫppr, ‘‘sponge.’ Within these groups, which are very possibly connected together, we must distinguish three words, probably of different origin, of which the Goth. stems were swamma-, *swamba-, and *swampu-. In ModHG. the first two forms lave been united; to the second form Gr. σομφός (for σξο-), ‘spongy, loose, porous,’ is primit. allied; the first is formed from schwimmen.

Schwan, m., ‘swan,’ from the equiv. MidHG. swane, swan, m., OHG. swan, m. (swana, f.); corresponding to Du. zwaan, AS. swǫn, E. swan, OIc. svanr, m., ‘swan’; Goth. *swans is by chance not recorded. Probably allied to the Sans. root svan, ‘to rustle, resound’ (comp. Hahn, allied to Lat. canere), Lat. sonare (for *svonare); prop. only of the singing swan?.

schwanen, vb., ‘to presage, forebode,’ ModHG. only, lit. ‘to have a presentiment,’ like the swan that sings before its death.

Schwang, m., only in the phrase im Schwange sein, ‘to be in vogue,’ from MidHG. swanc (g or k), m., ‘swinging motion, swinging, stroke, cut’; allied to schwingen.

schwanger, adj., ‘pregnant, teeming,’ from the equiv. MidHG. swanger, OHG. swangar; comp. Du. zwanger, ‘pregnant,’ but AS. swǫngor, ‘awkward, idle’; the latter meaning makes the derivation from schwingen improbable. AS. has also the curious form swǫncor; see schwank.

Schwank, m.. ‘prank, drollery, farce,’ from late MidHG. swanc (g or k), m., ‘prank, trick, an anecdote about it,’ iden-

tical with MidHG. swanc, ‘swing, stroke, cut’ (see Schwang), OHG. swanch, m., allied to swingan (just as OHG. chlanch to chlingan; see Klang).

schwank, adj., ‘staggering, insteady,’ from MidHG. swanc (k), adj., ‘pliant, thin, slender’; so too the equiv. MidHG. kel, AS. swgneor, OIc. svang-r; allied to the root swing, in schwingen; hence schwant is lit. ‘easily swung, pliant.’ With the Teut. cognates Ital. sguancio, ‘wryness,’ has been connected. .

Schwanz, mn., ‘tail, trail, train,’ from the equiv. MidHG. swanz, m. (for OHG. *swanz a form zagal, MidHG. zagel, equiv. to E. tail, is used). Through the medium of the intensive forms swangezen, swankzen, MidHG. swanz is connected with schwingen: MidHG. swansen, ‘to shake to and fro,’ Du. swanselen, ‘to reel.’

Schwäre, f., ‘ulcer, boil, sore,’ from MidHG. swër, OHG. swëro, m., ‘physical pain, disease, swelling, ulcer’; allied to MidHG. swërn, OHG. swëran, ‘to hurt, pain, fester, ulcerate.’ The root swer orig. perhaps ‘to press, torment’; comp. the Sans. root svṛ, ‘to torment, injure.’ See schwer and Geschwür.

Schwarm, m., ‘swarm, cluster, throng,’ from MidHG. swarm, OHG. swaram, m., ‘swarm (of bees)’; allied to the Sans. root svar, ‘to rustle, resound.’ Comp. AS. swearm, ‘swarm (of bees),’ E. swarm, OIc. svarmr. See schwirren.

Schwarte, t., ‘thick, hard skin; rind, bark, from MidHG. swarte, swart, f., ‘hairy scalp, hairy or feathered skin’ (OHG. *swarta, f., is by chance not recorded). A common Teut. word; comp. Du. zwoord, ‘bacon rind,’ OFris. swarde, ‘scalp,’ AS. sweard, MidE. sward, ‘skin,’ OIc. svǫrðr, ’scalp, skin, whale-hide’; Goth. *swardus, f., ‘scalp.’ Origin obscure. Note the evolution in meaning of E. sward, Scand. jarðan-svǫrðr, gras-svǫrðr, Dan. jord-, grönswœrd.

schwarz, adj., ‘black, swarthy, gloomy,’ from MidHG. and OHG. swarz, ‘dark-coloured, black’; a common Teut. term, most of the words denoting colour, except the recent loan-words, being part of the primit. Teut. vocabulary (comp. gelb, rot, braun, &c.); Goth. swarts, OIc. svartr, AS. sweart, E. swart, Du. zwart, OSax. swart. OIc. sorta, ‘black colour,’ sorte, ‘black cloud,’ and Surtr are in a different stage of gradation. The common Teut. shwarta-